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Walter Nowotny
Walter Nowotny | |
---|---|
![]() Nowotny being awarded by Hitler, 1943 | |
Nickname(s) | Nowi |
Born | Gmünd, Austria | 7 December 1920
Died | 8 November 1944 Epe, Nazi Germany | (aged 23)
Buried | |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | ![]() |
Years of service | 1939–44 |
Rank | Major (major) |
Service number | NSDAP 6,382,781 |
Unit | JG 54, JG 101 and Kommando Nowotny |
Commands held | I./JG 54, JG 101, Kommando Nowotny |
Battles/wars | See battles World War II
|
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds |
Walter Nowotny (7 December 1920 – 8 November 1944) was an Austrian-born fighter ace of the Luftwaffe in World War II. He is credited with 258 aerial victories—that is, 258 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—in 442 combat missions. Nowotny achieved 255 of these victories on the Eastern Front and three while flying one of the first jet fighters, the Messerschmitt Me 262, in the Defense of the Reich. He scored most of his victories in the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, and approximately 50 in the Messerschmitt Bf 109.[1] Nowotny scored an "ace in a day" on multiple occasions, shooting down at least five airplanes on the same day, including two occurrences of "double-ace in a day" (scored at least ten kills) in the summer of 1943.
Nowotny joined the Luftwaffe in 1939 and completed his fighter pilot training in 1941, after which he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 "Grünherz" (JG 54) on the Eastern Front. Nowotny was the first pilot to achieve 250 victories – 194 in 1943 alone – earning him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds on 19 October 1943. For propaganda reasons, he was ordered to cease operational flying.
Reinstated to front-line service in September 1944, Nowotny tested and developed tactics for the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. He was credited with three victories in this aircraft type before being killed in a crash following combat with United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) fighters on 8 November 1944. It is thought his engine might have failed. After his death, the first operational jet fighter wing, Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny", was named in his honour.[2]
Early life[]
Walter Nowotny was born in Gmünd, a small town in Lower Austria. His father, Rudolf Nowotny, was a railway official; his two brothers, Rudolf and Hubert, became officers in the Wehrmacht. Hubert Nowotny was killed in action in the Battle of Stalingrad.[3] From 1925 to 1935, his family lived in Schwarzenau until his father was relocated to Mistelbach, north of Vienna. Walter attended the primary school (Volksschule) in Schwarzenau before graduating to the Bundesoberrealschule in Waidhofen an der Thaya. During these years, he also sang in the Cistercian convent choir in the Zwettl Abbey.[4]
Due to his father's relocation, Nowotny transferred to the secondary school (Oberschule) in Laa an der Thaya, where he received his diploma (Abitur) in May 1938. In his teens, Nowotny was interested in all kinds of sports. In 1935, he played football for the school team in Waidhofen, and in 1937, took first place in the javelin throw and third place in the Lower Austrian 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) track and field championships. Nowotny also visited the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. For his then mandatory Labour Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst), he joined the Luftwaffe on 1 October 1939.[5] Nowotny had joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP—National Socialist German Workers' Party) in 1938 with a membership number 6,382,781.[6][7]
Luftwaffe career[]
Nowotny's military basic training began at the 2. Flieger-Ausbildungsregiment 62 in Quedlinburg (1 October 1939 – 15 November 1939) and continued at the Luftkriegschule 5 in Breslau-Schöngarten (16 November 1939 – 30 June 1940).[8][Note 1] He was promoted to Fahnenjunker-Gefreiter on 1 March 1940 and shortly afterwards, on 1 April 1940, to Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier. On 1 July 1940, Notwotny was promoted again, to the rank of Fähnrich. He completed his pilot training and received the Pilot Badge on 19 August 1940.[9] Nowotny also trained as a fighter pilot at the Jagdfliegerschule 5 in Wien-Schwechat (1 August 1940 – 15 November 1940), the same school that Hans-Joachim Marseille had attended one year earlier. One of his teachers at the Jagdfliegerschule 5 was the Austro-Hungarian World War I ace Julius Arigi. Here Nowotny befriended Karl Schnörrer and Paul Galland, the younger brother of General der Jagdflieger Adolf Galland. After graduation from the Jagdfliegerschule 5, Nowotny was transferred to the I./Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg on 16 November 1940, flying fighter cover for the Leuna industrial works.[10]
With Jagdgeschwader 54[]
Nowotny was posted to the Ergänzungsstaffel (Training/Supplement Squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54) on 1 December 1940.[Note 2] JG 54 at the time was under the command of Major Hannes Trautloft. Nowotny was transferred again, this time to the 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of JG 54 (9./JG 54), the so-called Teufelsstaffel (Devils' Squadron) where he was further trained by veterans from the front line (23 February 1941 – 25 March 1941). From 25 March 1941 to 10 March 1942, Notwotny flew with the Stabsstaffel of the Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe JG 54 where he was promoted to Leutnant on 1 April 1941, effective as of 1 February 1941.[11]
Nowotny flew a Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-7 (Werknummer 1173—factory number) "White 2" on his 24th operational mission on 19 July 1941 and claimed his first two enemy aircraft, both Polikarpov I-153 biplanes of Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS—Military Air Forces) KBF's 12 OIAE/61 BAB, over Saaremaa. He was shot down in the same engagement by Aleksandr Avdeyev, also in a I-153 fighter. According to Soviet archives, no Soviet aircraft was lost in the engagement. Nowotny spent three days in a dinghy in the Gulf of Riga – on one occasion almost being run down by a Soviet destroyer – until finally being washed ashore on the Latvian coast.[12][13]
Nowotny quickly recovered from his ordeal and on 31 July claimed a Beriev MBR-2 flying boat north-west of Saaremaa and an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber south of the island.[14] For the rest of his combat career, Nowotny always wore the trousers (German: Abschußhose roughly "shoot down pants" sometimes also referred to as "victory pants") that he had worn during those three days in the Gulf of Riga – with one exception, his last sortie, at Achmer on 8 November 1944, when he was killed flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.[15]
In 1942, Nowotny increased his tally of victories and claimed his 30th and 31st kills on 11 July over the Volkhov bridgehead during the Battle of Lyuban, which earned him the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 14 July 1942.[16] Nowotny shot down a further five aircraft on a single day (32nd – 36th victories), known as an "ace in a day", on 20 July and repeated the designation with seven (48th – 54th victories) on 2 August. After having downed three enemy aircraft on 11 August, Leutnant Nowotny carried out three victory passes over the airfield, despite having sustained combat damage to his own Bf 109 "Black 1". In the subsequent landing, his aircraft somersaulted and he sustained moderate injuries. Walter Nowotny was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 4 September, after 56 aerial victories. The Knight's Cross earned him a home leave to Vienna. Here, the brothers Hubert and Walter met for the last time before Hubert was killed at Stalingrad.[3][17] Leutnant Nowotny was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel of JG 54 on 25 October, replacing Oberleutnant Heinz Lange who was transferred.[18]
In January 1943, JG 54 started converting to the agile Focke-Wulf 190 fighter.[19] With the new aircraft, Nowotny scored at an unprecedented "kill" rate, often averaging more than two planes a day for weeks on end. As of 1 February 1943, Nowotny, Schnörrer, – Nowotny's wingman since late 1942 – Anton Döbele and Rudolf Rademacher, formed a team known as the "chain of devils" (Teufelskette) or the Nowotny Schwarm, which during the course of the war was credited with 524 combined kills, making them the most successful team in the Luftwaffe.[20]
Nowotny scored his 69th to 72nd victory on 16 March.[21] He reached the century mark on 5 June 1943, on his 344th combat mission.[22] He was the 42nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[23] By 24 June, he would accumulate a further 24 victories increasing his total to 124.[24] On 2 August, Hauptmann Gerhard Homuth, the commander of I. Gruppe was wounded in combat. In consequence, command temporarily was passed to Oberleutnant Hans Götz who was killed in action only two days later. Command of the Gruppe was then given to Oberleutnant Otto Vinzent. On 11 August, Vinzent was given command of 2. Staffel and Nowotny temporarily assumed command of I. Gruppe. On 15 September, Nowotny was officially appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe.[25]
In August alone, he shot down 49 aircraft – a number matched exactly by Jagdgeschwader 52's (JG 52) Erich Hartmann – bringing Nowotny's total to 161 victories.[26] On 1 September, he scored ten victories in two sorties, which took his tally to 183.[27][28] Seventy-two hours later, that number had risen to 189, earning him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 8 September. The award was to be personally presented by the Führer, Adolf Hitler, on 22 September 1943. However, by this date Nowotny had claimed his double century (200) on 8 September, and, on 15 September, his 215th victory, making him the highest-scoring pilot in the Luftwaffe to that time.[27] Two Lavochkin La-5s and a Yakovlev Yak-9 on 17 September brought his score to 218 victories, earning him Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 22 September 1943. The planned "Oak Leaves" presentation thus became a "Swords" ceremony.[27] The presentation was made by Hitler at the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's headquarters in Rastenburg on 22 September 1943. Three other Luftwaffe officers were presented with awards that day by Hitler, Major Hartmann Grasser and Hauptmann Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein were awarded the Oak Leaves, and Hauptmann Günther Rall also received the Swords to his Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.[29]
Diamonds[]
Nowotny was promoted to Hauptmann on 21 September 1943, effective as of 1 October, following his 225th victory.[28] On 14 October 1943, he became the first pilot to reach 250 victories, following his 442 combat missions. Nowotny was celebrating this feat in the Ria Bar in Vilna when he received a phone call from Hitler himself, announcing that he had been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), making him the eighth of 27 men to be so honored.[30]
The Brillanten (Diamonds) were presented by Hitler at the Wolfsschanze, near Kętrzyn (German: Rastenburg) on 19 October 1943. Nowotny immediately went on a short vacation to Vienna before returning to his front-line unit. On 29 October 1943, Nowotny presented the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Oberfeldwebel Otto Kittel. In the days following, Nowotny flew as wingman to Karl Schnörrer, helping him accumulate further victories. On 11 November, Anton Döbele was killed when he rammed an Il-2 Sturmovik. The next day, 12 November 1943, Schnörrer was severely injured after bailing out at low altitude. Schnörrer was replaced as Nowotny's wingman by Unteroffizier Ernst Richter. With Richter, Nowotny claimed his final two aerial victories on the Eastern Front on 15 November 1943. In total, Nowotny had claimed 255 confirmed kills plus a further 50 unconfirmed, before he was taken off combat duty.[31]
Nowotny was sent on a propaganda tour in Germany, which included the presentation of the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross (Ritterkreuz des Kriegsverdienstkreuzes) to the railroad engineer on 7 December 1943 – Nowotny's 23rd birthday. Shortly before Christmas, he visited the Focke-Wulf production site at Bad Eilsen, where he was met by Professor Kurt Tank. The mayor of Vienna, Dipl.-Ing.[Note 3] Hanns Blaschke awarded Nowotny the city's ring of honour on 11 January 1944, the presentation taking place a week later. It was a token that Nowotny accepted reluctantly, feeling that he did not deserve it. His next official visit was the Büromaschinenfabrik (office machinery factory) at Zella-Mehlis, before he briefly returned to Jagdgeschwader 54. Nowotny was made Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 101 (JG 101) and commander of the Jagdfliegerschule 1, a Luftwaffe fighter pilot training school at Pau in southern France, in April 1944.[32]
Kommando Nowotny and death[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-2497%2C_Flugzeug_Me_262A_auf_Flugplatz.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-2497%2C_Flugzeug_Me_262A_auf_Flugplatz.jpg)
In September 1944, Nowotny was made commander of a specialist unit dubbed Kommando Nowotny, flying the newly developed Messerschmitt Me 262 out of airfields near Osnabrück. The unit not only had to contend with the enemy, but also with working through the 'teething' phase of the Me 262 and developing the tactics appropriate for a jet unit.[33] On 7 October, Nowotny downed a B-24 Liberator bomber, his first aerial victory on the Western Front.[34]
Generals Alfred Keller and Adolf Galland had scheduled an inspection at Achmer Airfield for the afternoon of 7 November 1944. Galland had already visited Kommando Nowotny several times and was deeply concerned over the high attrition rate and meager success achieved by the Me 262. After inspecting the two airfields at Achmer and Hesepe, he stayed in the Penterknapp barracks discussing the problems of the past few weeks. Several pilots openly expressed their doubts as to the readiness of the Me 262 for combat operations.[35]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Wiener_Zentralfriedhof_Gr%C3%A4ber_Sch%C3%B6nherr_und_Nowotny_2004-11-15.jpg/220px-Wiener_Zentralfriedhof_Gr%C3%A4ber_Sch%C3%B6nherr_und_Nowotny_2004-11-15.jpg)
The next morning, 8 November 1944, the Generals arrived again at Nowotny's command post and Keller declared that the aces of the past years had become cowards and that the Luftwaffe had lost its fighting spirit.[36] Shortly after, news reached the command post of a large bomber formation approaching. Two Rotten of Me 262 were prepared for take-off, Erich Büttner and Franz Schall at Hesepe, and Nowotny and Günther Wegmann at Achmer. At first only Schall and Wegmann managed to take off because Büttner had a punctured tire during taxiing and Nowotny's turbines initially refused to start. With some delay, Nowotny took off and engaged the enemy on his own, Schall and Wegmann having since retired from the action after sustaining battle damage. Nowotny radioed that he had downed a B-24 Liberator and a P-51 Mustang before he reported one engine failing and made one final garbled transmission containing the word "burning".[37] Helmut Lennartz recalled:
"I remember Nowotny's crash very well. Feldwebel Gossler, a radio operator with our unit, had set up a radio on the airfield. Over this set I and many others listened to the radio communications with Nowotny's aircraft. His last words were, "I'm on fire" or "it's on fire". The words were slightly garbled.[38]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Mahnmal_Walter_Nowotny_-2.jpg/220px-Mahnmal_Walter_Nowotny_-2.jpg)
It remains unclear whether Nowotny was killed due to engine failure or whether he was shot down by United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Captain Ernest Fiebelkorn (20th Fighter Group) and 1st Lieutenant Edward "Buddy" Haydon (357th Fighter Group) east of Hesepe. In recent years, United States military historians proposed that Nowotny's victor may have been P-51D pilot Lieutenant Richard W. Stevens of the 364th Fighter Group. Many witnesses observed Nowotny's Me 262 A-1a (Werknummer 110 400) "White 8" dive vertically out of the clouds and crash at Epe, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of Hesepe.[39][40]
Nowotny was given a state funeral in Vienna. The guard of honour was composed of his friend Karl Schnörrer, Oberst Gordon Gollob, Major Rudolf Schoenert, Hauptmann Heinz Strüning, Major Josef Fözö and Major Georg Christl. The eulogy was delivered by Generaloberst Otto Deßloch. Nowotny was buried at the Vienna Central Cemetery in a grave of honour sponsored by the city of Vienna. Following an initiative by the Austrian Green Party and debates in the Vienna Landtag, a resolution supported by Social Democrats and Greens was passed to remove the status of honour in 2003.[41]
Following Nowonty's death, a stone memorial was built at the crash site in Epe which included remnants of his Me 262. The commemorating plaque on the memorial read: "Here on 8 November 1944, following 258 aerial victories, the recipient of the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds, Major Walter Nowotny, fell for the people and the fatherland." In August 2017, following a lengthy debate in Bramsche, the plaque was replaced with a new text, addressing the issue of commemorating alleged war heroes, and commemorating the victims of war and resistance.[42][43]
Summary of career[]
Aerial victory claims[]
Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 256 aerial victory claims, plus four further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 255 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and one victory on the Western Front flying the Me 262 jet fighter.[44]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 19672". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.[45]
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Nowotny an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day. | |||||||||
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 1. Staffel of Ergänzungsgruppe/Jagdgeschwader 54 –[46] | |||||||||
1 | 19 July 1941 | 19:24 | I-15 | 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of Arensburg[47] | 7 | 17 August 1941 | 13:28 | DB-3 | PQ 35 Ost 19672[48] Lake Ilmen |
2 | 19 July 1941 | 19:25 | I-15 | 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of Arensburg[47] | 8 | 17 August 1941 | 13:30 | DB-3 | PQ 35 Ost 19681[48] 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Novgorod |
—
|
19 July 1941 | —
|
I-15 | 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of Arensburg[47] | 9 | 19 August 1941 | 14:00 | I-153 | PQ 35 Ost 28244[48] 25 km (16 mi) west of Valday |
3 | 31 July 1941 | 14:15 | DB-3 | PQ 35 Ost 28143[47] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Malaja-Wischera |
10 | 19 August 1941 | 14:04 | I-153 | PQ 35 Ost 28251[48] 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Demyansk |
4 | 8 August 1941 | 17:10 | MBR-2 | PQ 35 Ost 2974[48] | 11 | 8 January 1942 | 09:00 | I-16 | Morje[49] south of Morja |
5 | 8 August 1941 | 17:15 | MBR-2 | PQ 25 Ost 2974[48] | 12 | 8 January 1942 | 09:11 | I-16 | Morje[49] northwest of Morja |
6 | 9 August 1941 | 17:45 | DB-3 | PQ 25 Ost 19692[48] 45 km (28 mi) southeast of Novgorod |
|||||
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[50] | |||||||||
13 | 25 April 1942 | 14:40 | MiG-3[51] | 36♠ | 20 July 1942 | 19:12 | P-40[52] | ||
14 | 26 April 1942 | 17:14 | Pe-2[51] | 37 | 21 July 1942 | 19:05 | MiG-3[52] | ||
15 | 30 April 1942 | 19:20 | I-16[51] | 38 | 23 July 1942 | 07:30 | P-40[52] | ||
16 | 11 May 1942 | 17:15 | P-40[53] | 39 | 23 July 1942 | 07:40 | P-40[52] | ||
17 | 13 May 1942 | 09:41 | I-180 (Yak-7) | PQ 11743[53] Lake Ladoga |
40 | 23 July 1942 | 07:52 | MiG-3[52] | |
18 | 16 May 1942 | 10:40 | I-16 | PQ 1025[54] | 41 | 25 July 1942 | 17:15 | MiG-3 | PQ 00273[52] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Pushkin |
19 | 16 May 1942 | 10:43 | P-40 | PQ 1025[54] | 42 | 25 July 1942 | 19:30 | I-180 (Yak-7) | PQ 00153[52] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Leningrad |
20 | 28 May 1942 | 19:51 | I-16[54] | 43 | 26 July 1942 | 17:05 | MiG-3 | PQ 20511[52] 45 km (28 mi) east-northeast of Lyuban | |
21 | 6 June 1942 | 14:50 | MiG-3[54] | 44 | 26 July 1942 | 17:20 | P-40 | PQ 20542[52] 45 km (28 mi) east of Lyuban | |
22 | 7 June 1942 | 13:30 | I-180 (Yak-7)[54] | 45 | 26 July 1942 | 17:25 | Il-2 | PQ 20511[52] 45 km (28 mi) east-northeast of Lyuban | |
23 | 9 June 1942 | 15:35 | MiG-3[54] | 46 | 28 July 1942 | 09:30 | LaGG-3 | Leningrad[52] | |
24 | 9 June 1942 | 15:39 | MiG-3[54] | 47 | 28 July 1942 | 15:30 | MiG-3 | southwest of Kolpino[52] | |
25 | 11 June 1942 | 20:45 | Yak-1[55] | 48♠ | 2 August 1942 | 12:55 | I-16 | PQ 00163[52] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Leningrad | |
26 | 25 June 1942 | 17:35 | LaGG-3[55] | 49♠ | 2 August 1942 | 13:05 | I-16 | PQ 00191[52] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Pushkin | |
27 | 26 June 1942 | 14:10 | LaGG-3[55] | 50♠ | 2 August 1942 | 13:24 | MiG-3 | PQ 00153[52] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Leningrad | |
28 | 26 June 1942 | 14:20 | LaGG-3[55] | 51♠ | 2 August 1942 | 14:20 | I-16 | PQ 00123[52] vicinity of Leningrad | |
29 | 26 June 1942 | 16:16 | LaGG-3[55] | 52♠ | 2 August 1942 | 14:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 00161[52] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Leningrad | |
30 | 11 July 1942 | 13:05 | P-40[55] | 53♠ | 2 August 1942 | 14:40 | MiG-3 | PQ 00154[52] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Leningrad | |
31 | 11 July 1942 | 13:12 | Il-2[55] | 54♠ | 2 August 1942 | 14:55 | MiG-3 | PQ 00192[52] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Pushkin | |
32♠ | 20 July 1942 | 12:35 | LaGG-3[52] | 55 | 7 August 1942 | 09:25 | Il-2 | PQ 20552[56] 45 km (28 mi) northeast of Chudovo | |
33♠ | 20 July 1942 | 12:42 | LaGG-3[52] | 56 | 7 August 1942 | 09:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 20563[56] 55 km (34 mi) northeast of Chudovo | |
34♠ | 20 July 1942 | 18:52 | P-40[52] | 57 | 11 August 1942 | 11:15 | MiG-3 | PQ 18231[56] 30 km (19 mi) east-southeast of Staraya Russa | |
35♠ | 20 July 1942 | 19:06 | I-180 (Yak-7)[52] | ||||||
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[57] | |||||||||
58 | 8 November 1942 | 09:45 | I-15![Note 4] | PQ 11844[59] 35 km (22 mi) northeast of Schlüsselburg |
137♠ | 13 August 1943 | 19:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 61344, Borisovka[60] 30 km (19 mi) west of Belgorod |
59 | 8 November 1942 | 11:33 | MiG-3 | PQ 11792[59] Lake Ladoga |
138 | 14 August 1943 | 12:20 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51881, Krysino[60] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Bohodukhiv |
60 | 10 December 1943 | 09:16 | P-40 | PQ 10152[59] southeast of Schlüsselburg |
139 | 14 August 1943 | 12:23 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51853, Dolina[60] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Bohodukhiv |
61 | 10 December 1943 | 11:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 11743[59] Lake Ladoga |
140 | 14 August 1943 | 12:27 | Yak-7 | PQ 35 Ost 51673, Petroparlowka[60] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Bohodukhiv |
62 | 7 January 1943 | 09:40 | I-16 | PQ 1961[61] | 141 | 15 August 1943 | 11:00 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51762, Bohodukhiv[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Bohodukhiv |
63 | 2 March 1943 | 11:28![Note 5] | I-16 | PQ 90271[62] 20 km (12 mi) south of Lomonosov |
142 | 15 August 1943 | 11:10 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51734, Bohodukhiv[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Bohodukhiv |
64 | 7 March 1943 | 13:40 | Il-2 | PQ 18364[62] 40 km (25 mi) south of Staraya Russa |
143 | 15 August 1943 | 11:12 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51733, Gutorowka[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Bohodukhiv |
65 | 7 March 1943 | 16:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 28371[62] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Demyansk |
144 | 16 August 1943 | 11:16 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51732, Gorbanowka[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Bohodukhiv |
66 | 9 March 1943 | 10:20 | MiG-1![Note 6] | PQ 00211[62] 20 km (12 mi) east of Leningrad |
145 | 16 August 1943 | 11:21 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51652, Iweschkij[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Utrikowo |
67 | 9 March 1943 | 10:21 | MiG-1[Note 6] | PQ 00211[62] 20 km (12 mi) east of Leningrad |
146♠ | 18 August 1943 | 07:35 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 60134[60] Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
68 | 14 March 1943 | 14:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18272[62] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa |
147♠ | 18 August 1943 | 07:39 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 6013[60] |
69 | 14 March 1943 | 14:53 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18281[62] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa |
148♠ | 18 August 1943 | 07:43 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 60161[60] Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
70 | 15 March 1943 | 07:55![Note 7] | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18244[62] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa |
149♠ | 18 August 1943 | 07:44 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 60152[60] Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
71 | 15 March 1943 | 08:04 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18263[62] 30 km (19 mi) east-southeast of Staraya Russa |
150♠ | 18 August 1943 | 16:20 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51862, Kantoschirow[60] 25 km (16 mi) east of Bohodukhiv |
72 | 15 March 1943 | 15:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 18253[62] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa |
151♠ | 18 August 1943 | 16:23 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51893, Olshany[60] 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Kharkov |
73 | 19 March 1943 | 09:45 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 1018[64] | 152 | 19 August 1943 | 15:30 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 51712, Saboroschez[60] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Achtyrka |
74 | 19 March 1943 | 09:55 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 10184[64] 15 km (9.3 mi) north-northeast of Staraya Russa |
153 | 19 August 1943 | 15:31 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 51712, Saboroschez[60] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Achtyrka |
75 | 20 March 1943 | 12:15![Note 8] | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 0048[64] | 154 | 19 August 1943 | 15:37 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 51732, Gorbanowka[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Bohodukhiv |
76 | 22 March 1943 | 11:30![Note 9] | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 0041[64] | 155♠ | 21 August 1943 | 06:55 | La-5[Note 10] | PQ 35 Ost 51671, Iwanj-Bardini[65] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Bohodukhiv |
77 | 22 March 1943 | 12:00 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 00414[64] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin |
156♠ | 21 August 1943 | 06:56 | La-5[Note 10] | PQ 35 Ost 51671, Iwanj-Bardini[65] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Bohodukhiv |
78 | 22 March 1943 | 12:05 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 00412[64] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin |
157♠ | 21 August 1943 | 07:00 | La-5[Note 10] | PQ 35 Ost 51643[65] south of Grayvoron |
79 | 26 March 1943 | 10:25 | Spitfire | PQ 36 Ost 10332[64] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Mga |
158♠ | 21 August 1943 | 07:03 | La-5[Note 10] | PQ 35 Ost 51642[65] south of Grayvoron |
80 | 3 April 1943 | 10:31 | LaGG-3![Note 11] | PQ 36 Ost 0041[66] | 159♠ | 21 August 1943 | 16:02 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51533, Staraja Rabinja[65] northeast of Bohodukhiv |
81 | 3 April 1943 | 18:11 | MiG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 00271[66] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Pushkin |
160♠ | 21 August 1943 | 16:03 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51551, Popowka[65] northeast of Bohodukhiv |
82 | 6 May 1943 | 16:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 26 Ost 90214[67] vicinity of Lomonosov |
161♠ | 21 August 1943 | 16:08 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51533, Staraja Rabinja[65] northeast of Bohodukhiv |
83 | 27 May 1943 | 19:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 00243[67] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Leningrad |
162 | 23 August 1943 | 10:45 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 60111[65] Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
84♠ | 1 June 1943 | 04:55 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 20154[67] southwest of Volkhov |
163 | 23 August 1943 | 10:48 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 60773[65] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Kharkov |
85♠ | 1 June 1943 | 05:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 1026[67] | 164 | 24 August 1943 | 07:27 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 41483[65] |
86♠ | 1 June 1943 | 16:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20154[67] southwest of Volkhov |
165 | 24 August 1943 | 07:32 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 41461[65] |
87♠ | 1 June 1943 | 16:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20161[67] south of Volkhov |
166 | 24 August 1943 | 07:39 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51383[65] 30 km (19 mi) west-northwest of Grayvoron |
88♠ | 1 June 1943 | 16:10 | MiG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10264[67] 25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Schlüsselburg |
167 | 25 August 1943 | 14:03 | Boston | PQ 35 Ost 51853, Dolina[65] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Bohodukhiv |
89 | 5 June 1943 | 12:05 | MiG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10264[67] 25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Schlüsselburg |
168 | 29 August 1943 | 06:46 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 43894[68] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Shewsk |
90 | 5 June 1943 | 12:10 | P-40 | PQ 36 Ost 20114[67] west of Volkhov |
169 | 29 August 1943 | 12:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 42133[68] |
91 | 5 June 1943 | 12:26![Note 12] | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 21751[67] 25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of Volkhov |
170 | 29 August 1943 | 12:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 4313, Dobropolje[68] |
92 | 5 June 1943 | 12:30 | P-40 | PQ 36 Ost 10243[67] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Schlüsselburg |
171 | 31 August 1943 | 17:35 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 35381[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Yelnya |
93♠ | 8 June 1943 | 15:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20113[67] west of Volkhov |
172 | 31 August 1943 | 17:50 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35373[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
94♠ | 8 June 1943 | 15:55 | P-40 | PQ 36 Ost 20121, Wolchowstroj[67] west of Volkhov |
173 | 31 August 1943 | 17:52 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35381[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Yelnya |
95♠ | 8 June 1943 | 16:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20141[67] south of Volkhov |
174♠ | 1 September 1943 | 06:00 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 35382[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Yelnya |
96♠ | 8 June 1943 | 16:12 | P-40 | PQ 36 Ost 10262[67] 25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Schlüsselburg |
175♠ | 1 September 1943 | 06:03 | Yak-1![Note 13] | PQ 35 Ost 3538[68] |
97♠ | 8 June 1943 | 16:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10253[67] 30 km (19 mi) west-southwest of Schlüsselburg |
176♠ | 1 September 1943 | 06:05 | Yak-1[Note 13] | PQ 35 Ost 35383[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Yelnya |
98♠ | 8 June 1943 | 16:23 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10281[67] 35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Volkhov |
177♠ | 1 September 1943 | 06:10 | Yak-1[Note 13] | PQ 35 Ost 35372[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
99 | 15 June 1943 | 16:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 26 Ost 90134, Borkij[70] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Lomonosov |
178♠ | 1 September 1943 | 06:12 | Yak-1[Note 13] | PQ 35 Ost 35371[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
100 | 15 June 1943 | 16:38 | LaGG-3 | PQ 26 Ost 90134, Borkij[70] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Lomonosov |
179♠ | 1 September 1943 | 12:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35454[68] 20 km (12 mi) west of Yelnya |
101 | 15 June 1943 | 16:41 | LaGG-3 | PQ 26 Ost 90134, Borkij[70] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Lomonosov |
180♠ | 1 September 1943 | 12:12 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35343[68] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Yelnya |
102 | 17 June 1943 | 05:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20163[70] south of Volkhov |
181♠ | 1 September 1943 | 12:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35353[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast of Yelnya |
103 | 17 June 1943 | 05:03 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20163[70] south of Volkhov |
182♠ | 1 September 1943 | 12:18 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35354[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast of Yelnya |
104 | 17 June 1943 | 05:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10264[70] 25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Schlüsselburg |
183♠ | 1 September 1943 | 12:19 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35362[68] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Yelnya |
105 | 18 June 1943 | 06:10 | Hurricane | PQ 36 Ost 20161[70] south of Volkhov |
184♠ | 2 September 1943 | 11:03 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35371[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
106 | 19 June 1943 | 20:50 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 20121, Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
185♠ | 2 September 1943 | 11:05 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 3537[68] |
107 | 19 June 1943 | 20:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20113, Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
186♠ | 2 September 1943 | 11:07 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35374[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
108 | 19 June 1943 | 21:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20123, Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
187♠ | 2 September 1943 | 11:10 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35373[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
109♠ | 21 June 1943 | 15:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 21754, Novaya Ladoga[70] 20 km (12 mi) north-northwest of Volkhov |
188♠ | 2 September 1943 | 11:13 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 25622[68] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Schatalowka |
110♠ | 21 June 1943 | 15:32 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 2175, Nowaja Ladoga[70] | 189♠ | 2 September 1943 | 11:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 25491[68] 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Yelnya |
111♠ | 21 June 1943 | 15:50 | La-5 | PQ 36 Ost 20122, north of Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
190 | 5 September 1943 | 15:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 35374[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
112♠ | 21 June 1943 | 19:55 | La-5![Note 10] | PQ 36 Ost 20133, northwest of Wolchowstroj[70] 45 km (28 mi) east-northeast of Chudovo |
191 | 6 September 1943 | 11:00 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 36451[68] 30 km (19 mi) west-southwest of Dugino |
113♠ | 21 June 1943 | 19:58 | La-5[Note 10] | PQ 36 Ost 20124, Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
192 | 6 September 1943 | 17:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 2522[68] |
114♠ | 21 June 1943 | 20:08 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20124, Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
193 | 7 September 1943 | 09:08 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35383[68] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Yelnya |
115♠ | 24 June 1943 | 07:00 | Yak-1[Note 10] | PQ 36 Ost 2012, Wolchowstroj[70] | 194 | 7 September 1943 | 09:15 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 3535[68] |
116♠ | 24 June 1943 | 07:03 | Yak-1[Note 10] | PQ 36 Ost 20121, Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
195 | 7 September 1943 | 16:30 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 45713[72] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Utrikowo |
117♠ | 24 June 1943 | 07:05 | Yak-1[Note 10] | PQ 36 Ost 20112, Wolchowstroj[70] west of Volkhov |
196♠ | 8 September 1943 | 07:30 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35864[72] 25 km (16 mi) west of Kirov |
118♠ | 24 June 1943 | 07:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20133, Wolchowstroj[70] vicinity of Volkhov |
197♠ | 8 September 1943 | 07:32 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35863[72] 25 km (16 mi) west of Kirov |
119♠ | 24 June 1943 | 07:13 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20134, Wolchowstroj[70] vicinity of Volkhov |
198♠ | 8 September 1943 | 07:35 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35854[72] 30 km (19 mi) west of Kirov |
120♠ | 24 June 1943 | 07:15 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20132, Wolchowstroj[70] vicinity of Volkhov |
199♠ | 8 September 1943 | 07:38 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 3582[72] |
121♠ | 24 June 1943 | 07:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20161, Wolchowstroj[70] south of Volkhov |
200♠ | 8 September 1943 | 07:42 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35822[72] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Spas-Demensk |
122♠ | 24 June 1943 | 11:15 | MiG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20182, Wolchowstroj[70] southwest of Volkhov |
201 | 10 September 1943 | 17:45 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 26473[72] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Moschna |
123♠ | 24 June 1943 | 11:18 | MiG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20184, Wolchowstroj[70] southwest of Volkhov |
202 | 11 September 1943 | 14:50 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 44114[72] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Kirov |
124♠ | 24 June 1943 | 11:22 | MiG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 20194, Wolchowstroj[70] south of Volkhov |
203 | 11 September 1943 | 15:00 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35824[72] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Spas-Demensk |
125 | 12 August 1943 | 08:55 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 5184, Krysino[73] | 204♠ | 14 September 1943 | 15:35 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 34422[72] 25 km (16 mi) east of Seschtschinskaja |
126 | 12 August 1943 | 09:10 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 41694, Achtyrka[73] | 205♠ | 14 September 1943 | 15:38 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 34293[72] 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Dyatkovo |
127 | 12 August 1943 | 14:00 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 41462, Boromlja[73] | 206♠ | 14 September 1943 | 15:50 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 3495[72] |
128 | 12 August 1943 | 14:05 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51344, Boromlja[73] 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Grayvoron |
207♠ | 14 September 1943 | 15:52 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 34423[72] 25 km (16 mi) east of Seschtschinskaja |
129♠ | 13 August 1943 | 12:00 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51843, Bohodukhiv[60] vicinity of Bohodukhiv |
208♠ | 14 September 1943 | 16:30 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35571[72] 30 km (19 mi) south-southwest of Yelnya |
130♠ | 13 August 1943 | 16:42 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 61714, Dolstrik[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Zolochiv |
209♠ | 14 September 1943 | 16:32 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35572[72] 30 km (19 mi) south-southwest of Yelnya |
131♠ | 13 August 1943 | 16:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51834, Dolstrik[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Zolochiv |
210♠ | 15 September 1943 | 09:50 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35414[72] 20 km (12 mi) west of Yelnya |
132♠ | 13 August 1943 | 17:00![Note 14] | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51832, Dolstrik[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Zolochiv |
211♠ | 15 September 1943 | 09:52 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35371[72] 25 km (16 mi) south of Yelnya |
133♠ | 13 August 1943 | 18:40 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51812, Borisovka[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Bohodukhiv |
212♠ | 15 September 1943 | 10:12 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 35412[72] 20 km (12 mi) west of Yelnya |
134♠ | 13 August 1943 | 18:43 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51863, Strelitza[60] 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Zolochiv |
213♠ | 15 September 1943 | 10:15 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35341[72] 20 km (12 mi) south of Smolensk |
135♠ | 13 August 1943 | 18:47 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51623, Grayvoron[60] vicinity of Grayvoron |
214♠ | 15 September 1943 | 10:20 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 35343[72] southeast of Kritschew |
136♠ | 13 August 1943 | 18:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51492, Borisovka[60] 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Grayvoron |
215♠ | 15 September 1943 | 10:22 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 3534[72] |
– Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[75] | |||||||||
216 | 17 September 1943 | 17:15 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 25494, Niwki[72] 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Yelnya |
237 | 12 October 1943 | 14:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15551, southeast of Leninsk[76] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Gorki |
217 | 17 September 1943 | 17:20 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 35341, Satki[72] 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Yelnya |
238 | 12 October 1943 | 14:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15572, northeast of Gorki[76] |
218 | 17 September 1943 | 17:25 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 35372, Jelnja[72] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya |
239♠ | 13 October 1943 | 08:00 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15553, Leninsk[76] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Gorki |
219 | 5 October 1943 | 16:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 35 Ost 0259, Tschernowiso[77] 15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Schlüsselburg |
240♠ | 13 October 1943 | 08:15 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15581, Leninsk[76] 25 km (16 mi) east of Gorki |
220 | 7 October 1943 | 16:15 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 17724, Woschiwka[77] southeast of Woschiwka |
241♠ | 13 October 1943 | 09:30 | Il-2 | north of Leninsk[76] north of Lenin |
221 | 7 October 1943 | 16:16 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 17752, Arestowo[77] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Toropa |
242♠ | 13 October 1943 | 09:33 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15514, north of Leninsk[76] south of Lenin |
222 | 7 October 1943 | 16:18 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 17784, Borok[77] | 243♠ | 13 October 1943 | 09:40 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15514, northeast of Leninsk[76] northeast of Lenin |
223 | 7 October 1943 | 16:20 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 17783, Borok[77] 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Toropa |
244♠ | 13 October 1943 | 09:43 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15512, southeast of Leninsk[76] southeast of Lenin |
224♠ | 9 October 1943 | 09:20 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 06111, Nevel[77] | 245♠ | 14 October 1943 | 11:15 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 15381, south of Ljady[76] south of Lyadoff |
225♠ | 9 October 1943 | 09:25 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 96232, southeast of Nevel[77] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Nevel |
246♠ | 14 October 1943 | 11:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15382, southeast of Ljady[76] southeast of Lyadoff |
226♠ | 9 October 1943 | 09:30 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 97881, south-southeast of Nevel[77] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Nevel |
247♠ | 14 October 1943 | 14:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 1551, north of Ssukino[76] north of Tsukino |
227♠ | 9 October 1943 | 13:43 | Il-2 | southeast of Lake Ssennitza[77] southeast of Lake Ssennizu |
248♠ | 14 October 1943 | 14:32 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15512, east of Bayewo[76] 20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Krassnyj |
228♠ | 9 October 1943 | 13:47 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 06723, west of Ljuschkowo[77] | 249♠ | 14 October 1943 | 14:35 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15512, east of Bayewo[76] 20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Krassnyj |
229♠ | 9 October 1943 | 15:45 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 06161, north of Rossedenje[77] north of Kossedenje |
250♠ | 14 October 1943 | 14:50 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 15374, south of Markowo[76] |
230♠ | 9 October 1943 | 15:47 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 0616, northwest of Aleksejewka[77] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Tosno |
251 | 5 November 1943 | 10:40 | Yak-9 | Lake Ssawessno[78] Lake Lawessno |
231♠ | 9 October 1943 | 15:50 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 06162, east of Krutiki[77] | 252![Note 15] | 5 November 1943 | 10:42 | Yak-9 | Witebsk-Orscha[78] |
232 | 11 October 1943 | 14:20 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 06161, northeast of Wolschy Gory[77] 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Wolokolamsk |
253 | 5 November 1943 | 10:55 | Yak-9 | east of Tscherneij[78] east of Tscherung |
233 | 11 October 1943 | 14:25 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 06163, southwest of Frolowo[77] | 254 | 10 November 1943 | 14:10 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 06111, Nevel[78] |
234 | 11 October 1943 | 14:27 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 06243, northeast of Bruj[77] | 255 | 10 November 1943 | 14:20 | Yak-9 | 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Nossikowo[78] 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Nossikowo |
235 | 11 October 1943 | 14:29 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 06271, northeast of Gorowatka[77] | 256 | 12 November 1943 | 10:05 | Yak-9 | 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Lake Ssawessno[80] 3 km (1.9 mi) south of Lake Lawessno |
236 | 12 October 1943 | 14:20 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15714, north Nikolskoje[76] | |||||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 6 –[79] | |||||||||
257 | 7 October 1944 | 11:30 | B-24 | northwest of Bramsche | |||||
– Kommando Nowotny –[79] | |||||||||
—
|
8 November 1944 | —
|
B-17[81] | —
|
8 November 1944 | —
|
P-51[81] |
Awards[]
- Order of the Cross of Liberty 1st Class[82]
- Ehrenabzeichen der finnischen Luftwaffe[82]
- Combined Pilots-Observation Badge in Gold with Diamonds[82]
- Eastern Front Medal[82]
- Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Fighter Pilots
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 20 July 1942 as Leutnant and pilot[84][Note 16]
- Wound Badge (1939) in Black[82]
- Viennas city ring of honor (11 January 1944)[85]
- Iron Cross (1939)
- German Cross in Gold on 21 August 1942 as Leutnant in the I./Jagdgeschwader 54[87]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
- Knight's Cross on 4 September 1942 as Leutnant and pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 54[88][89][Note 17]
- 293rd Oak Leaves on 4 September 1943 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54[90][91][92]
- 37th Swords on 22 September 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 54[90][93][94]
- 8th Diamonds (19 October 1943) as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 54[90][95][96]
Promotions[]
1 July 1940: | Fähnrich[86] |
1 April 1941: | Leutnant (Second Lieutenant), backdated to 1 February 1941[86] |
1 February 1943: | Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant)[97] |
21 September 1943: | Hauptmann (Captain), effective as of 1 October 1943[97] |
1 September 1944: | Major (Major)[34] |
Notes[]
- ^ The airport at Breslau-Schöngarten is the Copernicus Airport Wrocław today.
- ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations, see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
- ^ Dipl.-Ing. (German: Diplom Ingenieur - Engineer) is a German name prefix acquired with a university degree in the field of engineering.
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk.[58]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 11:29.[58]
- ^ a b According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3.[58]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 07:56.[63]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 12:18.[63]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 11:50.[63]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3.[71]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin La-5.[63]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 12:20.[63]
- ^ a b c d According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Yakovlev Yak-9.[69]
- ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 17:06.[74]
- ^ This aerial victory claim is not listed by Matthews and Foreman.[79]
- ^ According to Held on 14 July 1942.[16]
- ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the 3./Jagdgeschwader 54.[90]
References[]
Citations[]
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 227.
- ^ Forsyth 2008, p. 22.
- ^ a b Held 1998, p. 48.
- ^ Fraschka 1994, p. 113.
- ^ Held 1998, pp. 15, 17–19.
- ^ Reinisch 2008, p. 10.
- ^ Horaczek, Haider & Reiterer 2009, pp. 94, 194.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 19.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 23.
- ^ Williamson 2006, p. 19.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 27.
- ^ Bergström 2007, p. 36.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 293.
- ^ Weal 2001, p. 46.
- ^ Bergström & Mikhailov 2000, p. 127.
- ^ a b Held 1998, p. 41.
- ^ Weal 2001, p. 60.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 81.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 54.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 69.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 62.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 83.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 87.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 165.
- ^ Weal 1995, p. 67.
- ^ a b c Weal 2001, p. 102.
- ^ a b Held 1998, p. 90.
- ^ Amadio 2002, pp. 195–199.
- ^ Fraschka 1994, pp. 111, 113.
- ^ Held 1998, pp. 108, 114, 118, 122, 124.
- ^ Held 1998, pp. 125–134.
- ^ Fraschka 1994, pp. 114–115.
- ^ a b Stockert 1997, p. 390.
- ^ Boehme 1992, pp. 61–62.
- ^ Fraschka 1994, p. 116.
- ^ Morgan & Weal 1998, p. 28.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 63.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 62.
- ^ Forsyth 2008, p. 14.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 157.
- ^ Beinke 2017.
- ^ Dieckmann 2017.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 924–928.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 923.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2003, p. 290.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2003, p. 292.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2005, p. 263.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 923–924.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2005, p. 202.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Prien et al. 2006, p. 89.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 85.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 86.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 88.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 90.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 924–927.
- ^ a b c Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 924.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 95.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Prien et al. 2012, p. 181.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 96.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2012, p. 171.
- ^ a b c d e Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 925.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 172.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2012, p. 182.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 173.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Prien et al. 2012, p. 174.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Prien et al. 2012, p. 183.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 927.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Prien et al. 2012, p. 175.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 925–926.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Prien et al. 2012, p. 184.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 180.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 926.
- ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 927–928.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Prien et al. 2012, p. 186.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Prien et al. 2012, p. 185.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 187.
- ^ a b c Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 928.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 188.
- ^ a b Heaton & Lewis 2012, p. 267.
- ^ a b c d e f Berger 1999, p. 250.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 40.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 155.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 130.
- ^ a b c d Stockert 1997, p. 386.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 334.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 327.
- ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 254.
- ^ a b c d Scherzer 2007, p. 573.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 72, 478.
- ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 37.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 41.
- ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 15.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 37.
- ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 12.
- ^ a b Stockert 1997, p. 387.
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Further reading[]
Broucek, Peter: "Nowotny Walter". In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Vol. 7, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2, p. 172.
- 1920 births
- 1944 deaths
- People from Gmünd, Lower Austria
- Luftwaffe pilots
- German World War II flying aces
- Austrian military personnel killed in World War II
- Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery
- Recipients of the Gold German Cross
- Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
- Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 1st Class
- Austrian people of Slavic descent
- Reich Labour Service members