White South Africans

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White South Africans
Groot Marico, North West, South Africa (20522406932).jpg
South African man from Groot Marico, North West
Total population
2020 estimate: 4,679,770 (7.8% of South Africa's population)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Throughout South Africa, but mostly concentrated in urban areas. Population by provinces, as of the 2011 census:
Gauteng1,914,000
Western Cape915,000
KwaZulu-Natal429,000
Eastern Cape310,000
Mpumalanga303,000
North West255,000
Free State239,000
Limpopo139,000
Northern Cape81,000
Languages
Afrikaans (58%), English (40%), other (2%)
Religion
Christianity (85.6%), Irreligious (8.9%), Judaism (0.9%), Other (4.6%)
Related ethnic groups
White Zimbabweans, White Namibians, Afrikaners, Coloureds, British diaspora in Africa, South African diaspora, other White Africans

White South Africans (Afrikaans: Blankes/Europeërs) are South Africans of European descent. In linguistic, cultural and historical terms, they are generally divided into the Afrikaans-speaking descendants of the Dutch East India Company's original settlers, known as Afrikaners, and the Anglophone descendants of predominantly British colonists. In 2016, 57.9% were native Afrikaans speakers, 40.2% were native English speakers, and 1.9% spoke another language as their mother tongue,[2][3] such as Portuguese, Greek, or German. White South Africans are by far the largest population of White Africans. White was a legally defined racial classification during apartheid.[4]

Most White Afrikaners trace their ancestry back to the mid 17th century and have developed a separate cultural identity including a distinct language. The majority of English-speaking White South Africans trace their ancestry to the 1820 Settlers. The remainder of the White South African population consists of later immigrants from Europe such as Greeks and Jews (the majority of whom left after the end of Apartheid). Portuguese immigrants arrived after the collapse of the Portuguese colonial administrations in Mozambique and Angola although many originate from Madeira.

History[]

The history of White settlement in South Africa started in 1652 with the settlement of the Cape of Good Hope by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) under Jan van Riebeeck.[5] Despite the preponderance of officials and colonists from the Netherlands, there were also a number of French Huguenots fleeing religious persecution at home and German soldiers or sailors returning from service in Asia.[6] The Cape Colony remained under Dutch rule for two more centuries, after which it was annexed by the United Kingdom around 1806.[7] At that time, South Africa was home to about 26,000 people of white ancestry, a relative majority of whom were still of Dutch origin.[7] However, beginning in 1818 thousands of British immigrants arrived in the growing Cape Colony, intending to join the local workforce or settle directly on the frontier.[7] About a fifth of the Cape's original Dutch-speaking white population migrated eastwards during the Great Trek in the 1830s and established their own autonomous Boer republics further inland.[8] Nevertheless, the population of white ancestry (mostly European origin) continued increasing in the Cape as a result of immigration, and by 1865 had reached 181,592 people.[9] Between 1880 and 1910, there was an influx of Jews (mainly via Lithuania) and West Asian immigrants from Lebanon and Syria arriving in South Africa. Immigrants from the Levant region of Western Asia were originally classified as Asian, and thus "non-white", but, in order to have the right to purchase land, they successfully argued that they were "white". The main reason being that they were from the lands where Christianity and Judaism originated from, and that the race laws didn't target Jews, who were also a Semitic people. Therefore arguing that if the laws targeted other people from the Levant, it should also affect the Jews.[10][11]

Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War

The first nationwide census in South Africa was held in 1911 and indicated a white population of 1,276,242. By 1936, there were an estimated 2,003,857 white South Africans, and by 1946 the number had reached 2,372,690.[10] The country began receiving tens of thousands of European immigrants, namely from Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Greece, and the territories of the Portuguese Empire during the mid to late twentieth century.[12] South Africa's white population increased to over 3,408,000 by 1965, reached 4,050,000 in 1973, and peaked at 5,044,000 in 1990.[13]

The number of white South Africans resident in their home country began gradually declining between 1990 and the mid-2000s as a result of increased emigration.[13]

Today, white South Africans are also considered to be the last major white population group of European and certain West Asian ancestry on the African continent, due in part to the mass exodus of colonialists from most other African states during regional decolonisation. Whites continue to play a role in the South African economy and across the political spectrum. The current number of white South Africans is not exactly known, as no recent census has been measured, although the overall percentage of up to 9% of the population represents a decline, both numerically and proportionately, since the country's first non-racial elections in 1994. Just under a million white South Africans are also living as expatriate workers abroad, which forms the majority of South Africa's brain drain.[citation needed]

Apartheid era[]

See also: Population Registration Act, 1950

Under the Population Registration Act of 1950, each inhabitant of South Africa was classified into one of several different race groups, of which White was one. The Office for Race Classification defined a white person as one who "in appearance is obviously a white person who is generally not accepted as a coloured person; or is generally accepted as a white person and is not in appearance obviously a white person." Many criteria, both physical (e.g. examination of head and body hair) and social (e.g. eating and drinking habits, familiarity with Afrikaans or a European language) were used when the board decided to classify someone as white or coloured.[4] This was virtually extended to all those considered the children of two white persons, regardless of appearance.[citation needed] The Act was repealed on 17 June 1991.

Post-apartheid era[]

In an attempt at post-Apartheid redress, the Employment Equity Act of 1994, legislation promotes employment of black people (Black Africans, Indian, Chinese, and Coloured population groups, as well as disabled people).[citation needed] Black Economic Empowerment legislation further empowers blacks as the government considers ownership, employment, training and social responsibility initiatives, which empower black South Africans, as important criteria when awarding tenders, private enterprises also must adhere to this legislation.[14] Some reports indicate a growing number of whites in poverty compared to the pre-apartheid years and attribute this to such laws – a 2006 article in The Guardian stated that over 350,000 Afrikaners may be classified as poor, and alluded to research claiming that up to 150,000 were struggling for survival.[15][16]

As a consequence of Apartheid policies, Whites are still widely regarded as being one of 4 defined race groups in South Africa. These groups (blacks, whites, Coloureds and Indians) still tend to have strong racial identities, and to identify themselves, and others, as members of these race groups[17][4] and the classification continues to persist in government policy due to attempts at redress like Black Economic Empowerment and Employment Equity.[4]

Diaspora and emigration[]

See also: Brain drain of South Africa

Since 1994, there has been a significant emigration of whites from South Africa. There are thus currently large Afrikaner and English-speaking South African communities in the United Kingdom, Australia and other developed countries. Between 1995 and 2005, more than one million South Africans emigrated, citing violence and racially motivated black on white crime as the main reason, as well as the lack of employment opportunities for whites.[18]

Current trends[]

Graeme Smith, former test captain of the South Africa national cricket team.

In recent decades, there has been a steady proportional decline in South Africa's white community, due to higher birthrates among other South African ethnic groups, as well as a high rate of emigration. In 1977, there were 4.3 million whites, constituting 16.4% of the population at the time. As of 2016, it is estimated that at least 800,000 white South Africans have emigrated since 1995.[19]

Like many other communities strongly affiliated with the West and Europe's colonial legacy in Africa, white South Africans were in the past often economically better off than their black African neighbours and have surrendered political dominance to majority rule. There were also some white Africans in South Africa who lived in poverty—especially during the 1930s and increasingly since the end of minority rule. Current estimates of white poverty in South Africa run as high as 12%, though fact-checking website Africa Check described these figures as "grossly inflated" and suggested that a more accurate estimate was that "only a tiny fraction of the white population – as few as 7,754 households – are affected."[20]

Lara Logan is a television and radio journalist and war correspondent.

The new phenomenon of white poverty is mostly blamed on the government's affirmative action employment legislation, which reserves 80% of new jobs for black people[21] and favours companies owned by black people (see Black Economic Empowerment). In 2010, Reuters stated that 450,000 whites live below the poverty line according to Solidarity and civil organisations,[22] with some research saying that up to 150,000 are struggling for survival.[23] However, the proportion of white South Africans living in poverty is still much lower than for other groups in the country, since approximately 50% of the general population fall below the upper-bound poverty line.[24]

A further concern has been crime. Some white South Africans living in affluent white suburbs, such as Sandton, have been affected by the 2008 13.5% rise in house robberies and associated crime.[25] In a study, Johan Burger, senior researcher at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), said that criminals were specifically targeting wealthier suburbs. Burger explained that several affluent suburbs are surrounded by poorer residential areas and that inhabitants in the latter often target inhabitants in the former. The report also found that residents in wealthy suburbs in Gauteng were not only at more risk of being targeted but also faced an inflated chance of being murdered during the robbery.[26]

The global financial crisis slowed the high rates of white people emigrating overseas and has led to increasing numbers of white emigrants returning to live in South Africa. Charles Luyckx, CEO of Elliot International and a board member of the Professional Movers Association said that in the past six months leading to December (2008), emigration numbers had dropped by 10%. Meanwhile, he revealed that "people imports" had increased by 50%.[27]

As of May 2014, Homecoming Revolution has estimated that around 340,000 white South Africans have returned to South Africa in the last decade.[28]

Furthermore, immigration from Europe has also supplemented the white population. The 2011 census found that 63,479 white people living in South Africa were born in Europe; of these, 28,653 had moved to South Africa since 2001.[29]

At the end of apartheid in 1994, 85% of South Africa's arable land was owned by whites.[30] The land reform program introduced after the end of apartheid intended that, within 20 years, 30% of white-owned commercial farm land should be transferred to black owners. Thus, in 2011, the farmers' association, Agri South Africa, coordinated efforts to resettle farmers throughout the African continent. The initiative offered millions of hectares from 22 African countries that hoped to spur development of efficient commercial farming.[31] The 30 percent target was not close to being met by the 2014 deadline.[32] According to a 2017 government audit, 72% of the nation's private farmland is owned by white people.[33] In February 2018, the Parliament of South Africa passed a motion to review the property ownership clause of the constitution, to allow for the expropriation of land, in the public interest, without compensation,[34] which was supported within South Africa's ruling ANC party on the grounds that the land was originally seized by whites without just compensation.[35] In August 2018, the South African government began the process of taking two white-owned farmlands.[36] Western Cape ANC secretary Faiez Jacobs referred to the property clause amendment as a "stick" to force dialogue about the transfer of land ownership, with the hope of accomplishing the transfer "in a way that is orderly and doesn’t create a 'them' and 'us' [situation]."[37]

Demographics[]

See also: Distribution of white South Africans
White South Africans as a proportion of the total population
  •   0–20%
  •   20–40%
  •   40–60%
  •   60–80%
  •   80–100%
White South Africans by their native tongue[38]
Language Percent
Afrikaans
 
 61%
English
 
 36%

The Statistics South Africa Census 2011 showed that there were about 4,586,838 white people in South Africa, amounting to 8.9% of the country's population.[39] This is a 6.8% increase since the 2001 census. According to the Census 2011, South African English is the first language of 36% of the white population group and Afrikaans is the first language of 61% of the white population group.[3] The majority of white South Africans identify themselves as primarily South African, regardless of their first language or ancestry.[40][41]

Religion[]

Religion among White South Africans
Religion Percent
Christianity
 
 87%
Irreligious
 
 9%
Other
 
 3%
Judaism
 
 1%

Approximately 87% of white South Africans are Christian, 9% are irreligious, and 1% are Jewish. The largest Christian denomination is the Dutch Reformed Church (NGK), with 23% of the white population being members. Other significant denominations are the Methodist Church (8%), the Roman Catholic Church (7%), and the Anglican Church (6%).[42]

Migrations[]

Many white Africans of European ancestry have migrated to South Africa from other parts of the continent due to political or economic turmoil in their respective homelands. Thousands of Portuguese settlers from Mozambique and Angola and white Zimbabweans emigrated to South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s. However, the overwhelming majority of European migration correlated with the historic colonization of the region (some migrating for the purpose of capitalizing on the exploitation of resources, minerals and other lucrative elements found in South Africa, others for a better life and farming opportunities without many restrictions in newly colonised lands).

Meanwhile, many white South Africans have also emigrated to Western countries over the past two decades, mainly to English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, and with others settling in the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, France, Argentina, Israel, Mexico, and Brazil. However, the financial crisis has slowed the rate of emigration and as of May 2014, the Homecoming Revolution has estimated that around 340,000 white South Africans have returned in the last decade.[28]

Distribution[]

Density of the White South African population.
  •   <1 /km²
  •   1–3 /km²
  •   3–10 /km²
  •   10–30 /km²
  •   30–100 /km²
  •   100–300 /km²
  •   300–1000 /km²
  •   1000–3000 /km²
  •   >3000 /km²
South Africa 2001 linguistic distribution of white people map

According to Statistics South Africa, white South Africans make up 8.9% (Census 2011) of the total population in South Africa. Their actual proportional share in municipalities is likely to be higher, given the undercount in the 2001 census.[43]

The following table shows the distribution of white people by province, according to the 2011 census:[3]

Province White pop. (2001) White pop. (2011) % province (2001) % province (2011) change 2001–2011 % total whites (2011)
Eastern Cape 305,837 310,450 4.9 4.7 -0.2 Decrease 6.8
Free State 238,789 239,026 8.8 8.7 -0.1 Decrease 5.2
Gauteng 1,768,041 1,913,884 18.8 15.6 -3.2 Decrease 41.7
KwaZulu-Natal 482,115 428,842 5.0 4.2 -0.8 Decrease 9.3
Limpopo 132,420 139,359 2.7 2.6 -0.1 Decrease 3.0
Mpumalanga 197,079 303,595 5.9 7.5 +1.6 Increase 6.6
North West 233,935 255,385 7.8 7.3 -0.5 Decrease 5.6
Northern Cape 102,519 81,246 10.3 7.1 -3.2 Decrease 1.8
Western Cape 832,902 915,053 18.4 15.7 -2.7 Decrease 19.9
Total 4,293,640 4,586,838 9.6 8.9 -0.7 Decrease 100.0

Politics[]

Romanticised painting of an account of the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck, founder of Cape Town.

White South Africans continue to participate in politics, having a presence across the whole political spectrum from left to right.

South African President Jacob Zuma commented in 2009 on Afrikaners being "the only white tribe in a black continent or outside of Europe which is truly African", and said that "of all the white groups that are in South Africa, it is only the Afrikaners that are truly South Africans in the true sense of the word."[44] These remarks have led to the Centre for Constitutional Rights (CCR) laying a complaint with the Human Rights Commission against Zuma.[45] In 2015, a complaint was investigated for hate speech against Jacob Zuma who said "You must remember that a man called Jan van Riebeeck arrived here on 6 April 1652, and that was the start of the trouble in this country."[46]

Former South African President Thabo Mbeki stated in one of his speeches to the nation that: "South Africa belongs to everyone who lives in it. Black and White."[47] The history of white people in South Africa dates back to the sixteenth century.

Prior to 1994, a white minority held complete political power under a system of racial segregation called apartheid. Some white people supported this policy, but some others opposed it. During apartheid, immigrants from Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan were considered honorary whites in the country, as the government had maintained diplomatic relations with these countries. These were granted the same privileges as white people, at least for purposes of residence.[48] Some African Americans such as Max Yergan were granted an "honorary white" status as well.[49]

Statistics[]

Historical population[]

Statistics for the white population in South Africa vary greatly. Most sources show that the white population peaked in the period between 1989 and 1995 at around 5.2 to 5.6 million. Up to that point, the white population largely increased due to high birth rates and immigration. Subsequently, between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s, the white population decreased overall. However, from 2006 to 2013, the white population increased.

Year White population % of total population Source
1904 1,116,805 21.6% 1904 Census
1911 1,270,000 Increase 22.7% Increase 1911 Census[10]
1960 3,088,492 Increase 19.3% Decrease 1960 Census
1961 3,117,000 Increase 19.1% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1961
1962 3,170,000 Increase 19.0% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1962
1963 3,238,000 Increase 19.0% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1963
1964 3,323,000 Increase 19.0% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1964
1965 3,398,000 Increase 19.0% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1965
1966 3,481,000 Increase 19.0% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1966
1967 3,563,000 Increase 19.0% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1967
1968 3,639,000 Increase 19.0% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1968
1969 3,728,000 Increase 19.0% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1969
1970 3,792,848 Increase 17.1% Decrease 1970 Census
1971 3,920,000 Increase 17.0% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1971
1972 4,005,000 Increase 16.9% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1972
1973 4,082,000 Increase 16.8% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1973
1974 4,160,000 Increase 16.7% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1974
1975 4,256,000 Increase 16.8% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1975
1976 4,337,000 Increase 18.2% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1976
1977 4,396,000 Increase 17.9% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1977
1978 4,442,000 Increase 18.5% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1978
1979 4,485,000 Increase 18.4% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1979
1980 4,522,000 Increase 18.1% Decrease 1980 Census[13]
1981 4,603,000 Increase 18.0% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1981
1982 4,674,000 Increase 18.3% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1982
1983 4,748,000 Increase 18.2% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1983
1984 4,809,000 Increase 17.7% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1984
1985 4,867,000 Increase 17.5% Decrease 1985 Census[13]
1986 4,900,000 Increase 17.3% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1986
1991 5,068,300 Increase 13.4% Decrease 1991 Census
1992 5,121,000 Increase 13.2% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1992
1993 5,156,000 Increase 13.0% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1993
1994 5,191,000 Increase 12.8% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1994
1995 5,224,000 Increase 12.7% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1995
1996 4,434,697 Decrease 10.9% Decrease South African National Census of 1996
1997 4,462,200 Increase 10.8% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1997
1998 4,500,400 Increase 10.7% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1998
1999 4,538,727 Increase 10.5% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 1999
2000 4,521,664 Decrease 10.4% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2000
2001 4,293,640 Decrease 9.6% Decrease South African National Census of 2001
2002 4,555,289 Increase 10.0% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2002
2003 4,244,346 Decrease 9.1% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2003
2004 4,434,294 Increase 9.5% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2004
2005 4,379,800 Decrease 9.3% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2005
2006 4,365,300 Decrease 9.2% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2006
2007 4,352,100 Decrease 9.1% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2007
2008 4,499,200 Increase 9.2% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2008
2009 4,472,100 Decrease 9.1% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2009
2010 4,584,700 Increase 9.2% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2010
2011 4,586,838 Increase 8.9% Decrease South African National Census of 2011
2013 4,602,400 Increase 8.7% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2013
2014 4,554,800 Decrease 8.4% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2014
2015 4,534,000 Decrease 8.3% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2015
2016 4,515,800 Decrease 8.1% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2016
2017 4,493,500 Decrease 8.0% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2017
2018 4,520,100 Increase 7.8% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2018
2019 4,652,006 Increase 7.9% Increase Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2019
2020 4,679,770 Increase 7.8% Decrease Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2020
2021 4,662,459 Decrease 7.8% Steady Stats SA: Mid-year population estimates, 2021

Fertility rates[]

Contraception among white South Africans is stable or slightly falling: 80% used contraception in 1990, and 79% used it in 1998.[50] The following data shows some fertility rates recorded during South Africa's history. However, there are varied sources showing that the white fertility rate reached below replacement (2.1) by 1980. Likewise, recent studies show a range of fertility rates, ranging from 1.3 to 2.4. The Afrikaners tend to have a higher birthrate than that of other white people.[citation needed]

Year Total fertility rate[51] Source
1960 3.5 Decrease SARPN
1970 3.1 Decrease SARPN
1980 2.4 Decrease SARPN
1989 1.9 Decrease UN.org
1990 2.1 Increase SARPN
1996 1.9 Decrease SARPN
1998 1.9 Steady SARPN
2001[52] 1.8 Decrease hst.org.za
2006[52] 1.8 Steady hst.org.za
2011 1.7 Decrease Census 2011

Life expectancy[]

The average life expectancy at birth for males and females

Year Average life expectancy Male life expectancy Female life expectancy
1980[53] 70.3 66.8 73.8
1985[54] 71 ? ?
1997 73.5 70 77
2009[55][56] 71 ? ?

Unemployment[]

Province White unemployment rate (strict)
Eastern Cape[57] 4.5%
Free State
Gauteng[58] 8.7%
KwaZulu-Natal[59] 8.0%
Limpopo[60] 8.0%
Mpumalanga[59] 7.5%
North West
Northern Cape[61] 4.5%
Western Cape 2.0%
Total


Income[]

Average annual household income by population group of the household head.[62][63]

Population group Average income (2015) Average income (2011) Average income (2001)
White R 444 446 (321.7%) R 365 134 (353.8%) R 193 820 (400.6%)
Indian/Asian R 271 621 (196.6%) R 251 541 (243.7%) R 102 606 (212.1%)
Coloured R 172 765 (125.0%) R 112 172 (108.7%) R 51 440 (106.3%)
Black R 92 983 (67.3%) R 60 613 (58.7%) R 22 522 (46.5%)
Total R 138 168 (100%) R 103 204 (100%) R 48 385 (100%)

Percentage of workforce[]

Province Whites % of the workforce Whites % of population
Eastern Cape[57] 10% 4%
Free State
Gauteng[64] 25% 18%
KwaZulu-Natal[59] 11% 6%
Limpopo[60] 5% 2%
Mpumalanga
North West
Northern Cape[61] 19% 12%
Western Cape[65] 22% 18%
Total

Languages[]

Language 2011 2001 1996
Afrikaans 60.8% 59.1% 57.7%
English 35.9% 39.3% 38.6%
Other languages 3.3% 1.6% 3.7%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Religion[]

Religion among white South Africans remains high compared to other white ethnic groups, but likewise it has shown a steady proportional drop in both membership and church attendance with until recently the majority of white South Africans attending regular church services.

Religious affiliation of white South Africans (2001 census)[66]
Religion Number Percentage (%)
– Christianity 3,726,266 86.8%
– Dutch Reformed churches 1,450,861 33.8%
– Pentecostal/Charismatic/Apostolic churches 578,092 13.5%
– Methodist Church 343,167 8.0%
- Catholic Church 282,007 6.6%
– Anglican Church 250,213 5.8%
– Other Reformed churches 143,438 3.3%
– Baptist churches 78,302 1.8%
– Presbyterian churches 74,158 1.7%
– Lutheran churches 25,972 0.6%
– Other Christian churches 500,056 11.6%
Judaism 61,673 1.4%
Islam 8,409 0.2%
Hinduism 2,561 0.1%
No religion 377,007 8.8%
Other or undetermined 117,721 2.7%
Total 4,293,637 100%

White South Africans[]

Science and technology[]

  • Christiaan Barnard, surgeon who performed first successful human heart transplant
  • Mike Botha, master diamond cutter and educator; Yves Landry Award for Outstanding Innovation in Education, Canada
  • Peter Sarnak, Princeton's Eugene Higgins professor of mathematics, specialising in number theory
  • Stanley Skewes, mathematician whose work in number theory produced the record breaking Skewes number
  • Percy Deift, mathematician specialising in analysis
  • Sydney Brenner, biologist; Nobel Prize, Physiology/Medicine 2002
  • Michael Levitt, biophysicist; Nobel Prize, Chemistry 2013
  • Allan McLeod Cormack, physicist; Nobel Prize, Medicine 1979
  • Gordon Murray, designer of Formula One race cars, including the Championship winning McLaren MP4/4 and the ultra-exclusive McLaren F1 Roadcar
  • Elon Musk, engineer, founder of SpaceX, Tesla Motors and PayPal
  • Basil Schonland, physicist
  • Mark Shuttleworth, founder of Ubuntu, a Linux based computer Operating system; first African in space
  • Neil Turok, cosmologist
  • George F. R. Ellis, cosmologist
  • Max Theiler, virologist; Nobel Prize, Medicine 1951
  • Phillip Tobias, palaeo-anthropologist

Military[]

  • Flight Lieutenant Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor VC, DSO, MC and bar, DFC fighter ace, 1st World War
  • Major William Bloomfield VC, South African East African campaign, 1st World War
  • Captain William Faulds VC MC, Delville Wood, 1st World War
  • Major John Frost DFC, South African Air Force fighter ace during the Second World War
  • Lieutenant Colonel Reginald Frederick Johnson Hayward VC, Western Front, 1st World War
  • Captain Petrus Hugo DSO DFC, fighter ace, Second World War
  • Squadron Leader Albert Gerald Lewis DFC, South African fighter ace, 2nd World War
  • Adolph "Sailor" Malan, Second World War ace fighter pilot
  • Squadron Leader John Dering Nettleton VC, Battle of Britain
  • Major Oswald Reid VC, 1st World War
  • Captain Clement Robertson VC, Western Front
  • Lieutenant Colonel John Sherwood-Kelly VC CMG DSO, Second Boer War, Bambatha Rebellion, 1st World War
  • Captain Quentin Smythe VC, North Africa 2nd World War
  • Major Edwin Swales VC DFC, pilot during the Second World War
  • Lieutenant Kevin Winterbottom HC, South African Air Force
  • Staff Sergeant Danny Roxo HC, 32 Battalion, South African Army
  • General Constand Viljoen SSA SD SOE SM MMM MP, former South African military chief and former leader of the Freedom Front Plus
  • Air Vice Marshal John Frederick George Howe, CB, CBE, AFC (26 March 1930 – 27 January 2016)

Royalty and aristocracy[]

Arts and media[]

  • Jani Allan, columnist and radio commentator
  • Melinda Bam, Miss South Africa 2011
  • Joyce Barker, opera singer - soprano
  • David Bateson, voice actor in the Hitman video game series
  • Bok van Blerk, singer
  • Neill Blomkamp, director
  • Herman Charles Bosman, writer
  • Johan Botha, opera singer - tenor
  • Breyten Breytenbach, writer and painter
  • Andre Brink, novelist
  • Johnny Clegg, musician noted for performing in Juluka and Savuka
  • Penelope Coelen, Miss World 1958
  • Mimi Coertse, soprano - opera singer
  • J. M. Coetzee, novelist; Nobel Prize, Literature 2003
  • Megan Coleman, Miss South Africa 2006
  • Elizabeth Connell, opera singer - mezzo soprano, soprano
  • Sharlto Copley, actor
  • Robyn Curnow, CNN International's anchor
  • Frederick Dalberg, opera singer - bass
  • Embeth Davidtz, actress, South African-American, born to South African parents in Indiana
  • Kurt Darren, singer
  • Die Antwoord, band; rap-rave group formed in Cape Town
  • Kim Engelbrecht, actress
  • Elisabeth Eybers, poet
  • Duncan Faure, singer-songwriter and musician
  • Nicole Flint, Miss South Africa 2008
  • Athol Fugard, playwright
  • Edwin Gagiano, South African-born Actor, filmmaker, singer-songwriter based in Los Angeles.
  • Dean Geyer, actor and singer
  • Nadine Gordimer, writer; Nobel Prize, Literature 1991
  • Stefans Grové, composer and writer
  • Cariba Heine, actress
  • François Henning, singer
  • Sonja Herholdt, recording artist
  • Jacques Imbrailo, opera singer - baritone
  • Sid James, actor, Carry On team
  • Trevor Jones, composer
  • Ingrid Jonker, poet
  • John Joubert, Composer
  • Peter Klatzow, composer
  • Gé Korsten, opera singer - tenor, actor
  • Alice Krige, actress
  • Antjie Krog, writer
  • Kongos; rock band
  • Caspar Lee, YouTuber, actor
  • Lara Logan, journalist and war correspondent
  • Eugène Nielen Marais, poet, writer, lawyer and naturalist
  • Monica Mason, ballet dancer and director of the Royal Ballet
  • Dalene Matthee, writer
  • Dave Matthews, Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter
  • Deon Meyer, writer
  • Shaun Morgan, singer and guitarist for the rock band Seether
  • Marita Napier, opera singer - soprano
  • Anton Nel, pianist
  • Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters, Miss Universe 2017
  • Alan Paton, writer
  • Graham Payn, actor, singer
  • Madelaine Petsch, actress, model, YouTuber
  • Sasha Pieterse, actress in the hit ABC family series Pretty Little Liars
  • Brendan Peyper, singer
  • Tanit Phoenix, actress, fashion model
  • Hubert du Plessis, composer
  • Sir Laurens van der Post, controversial author, conservationist, explorer, journalist and confidant to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales
  • Behati Prinsloo, model
  • Trevor Rabin, musician and composer, member of the rock band Yes
  • Basil Rathbone, actor
  • J. R. Rotem, productor, songwriter and music publisher
  • Neil Sandilands, actor, director and cinematographer
  • Stelio Savante American Movie Award-winning and SAG Nominated actor
  • Leon Schuster, comedian, filmmaker, actor, presenter and singer
  • Sir Antony Sher, actor
  • Troye Sivan, YouTuber, singer (half Australian)
  • Cliff Simon, actor and athlete
  • Phyllis Spira, ballerina, Prima Ballerina Assoluta
  • Winston Sterzel, YouTuber, first China vlogger and cofounder of ADVChina
  • Gerhard Steyn, singer
  • Miriam Stockley, singer
  • Tammin Sursok, actress, born in South Africa, but raised in Australia
  • Candice Swanepoel, model.
  • Esta TerBlanche, actress and model
  • Charlize Theron, Academy Award-winning Actor
  • Elize du Toit, actress
  • J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, and The Silmarillion
  • Jakob Daniël du Toit, poet
  • Pieter-Dirk Uys, performer and satirist, creator of Evita Bezuidenhout
  • Musetta Vander, actress
  • Kevin Volans, composer and pianist
  • Arnold Vosloo, actor
  • Casper de Vries, comedian
  • Justine Waddell, actress
  • Deon van der Walt, opera singer - tenor
  • Arnold van Wyk, composer
  • N. P. van Wyk Louw, poet

Business[]

  • Etienne de Villiers, investor; media and sports executive
  • Ivan Glasenberg, CEO of Glencore Xstrata, one of the world's largest commodity trading and mining companies[67]
  • Sol Kerzner, accountant and business magnate mainly in the casino resort sector
  • Harry Oppenheimer, chairman of Anglo American Corporation for 25 years and De Beers Consolidated Mines for 27 years
  • Nicky Oppenheimer, chairman of the De Beers diamond mining company and its subsidiary, the Diamond Trading Company
  • Anton Rupert, founder of the Rembrandt Group
  • Johann Rupert, chairman of the Swiss-based luxury-goods company Richemont and South Africa-based company Remgro
  • Desmond Sacco, Chairman and managing director of Assore Limited
  • Christo Wiese, consumer Retail business magnate

Politics[]

  • Louis Botha, farmer, soldier, statesman; first Prime Minister of South Africa
  • P. W. Botha, former State President of South Africa
  • F. W. de Klerk, former State President of South Africa
  • Marike de Klerk, former First Lady of South Africa, murdered in her home in 2001
  • Sir Patrick Duncan Governor-General at the start of the Second World War
  • Ruth First, anti-apartheid activist and scholar
  • Sir James Percy FitzPatrick, author, politician and businessman
  • Derek Hanekom, Deputy Minister of Technology; prominent ANC member of Parliament
  • Nicholas Haysom, Former legal adviser to Nelson Mandela, former United Nations Special Representative to Afghanistan
  • Sandra Laing, white girl reclassified as "Coloured" during the apartheid era
  • D. F. Malan, former Prime Minister of South Africa
  • Pieter Mulder, former Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries; leader of the Freedom Front Plus
  • Andries Pretorius, former leader of the Voortrekkers who was instrumental in the creation of the South African Republic
  • Harry Schwarz, lawyer, politician, diplomat and anti-apartheid leader
  • Joe Slovo, former leader of the South African Communist Party played key part in constitutional negotiations in 1990s
  • Field Marshal Jan Smuts, soldier, politician and former Prime Minister of South Africa during both World Wars. Only person to sign both world War peace treaties on the winning side.
  • Jan Steytler, first leader of Progressive Party of South Africa, former MP
  • Helen Suzman, anti-apartheid activist and former MP, solo anti-apartheid parliamentarian from 1961 to 1974 representing Progressive Party (South Africa), served on first Independent Electoral Commission supervising first non-racial national elections in South Africa
  • Colin Eglin, former leader of the Progressive Party (South Africa) and its successors and former MP, played key role in building up parliamentary opposition to apartheid in the 1970s and 1980s, and in constitutional negotiations in 1990s
  • Zach de Beer, former Progressive Party (South Africa) MP, subsequent leader of Democratic Party and post-apartheid ambassador to The Netherlands, also played key part in constitutional negotiations in 1990s
  • Eugène Terre'Blanche, former leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging; murdered
  • Marthinus van Schalkwyk, previous Minister of Tourism and ANC member of Parliament; played a key role in merging the National Party into the ANC
  • Hendrik Verwoerd, former Prime Minister of South Africa; primary architect of Apartheid; assassinated in Cape Town, in the House of Assembly
  • Helen Zille, former leader of the Democratic Alliance and Premier of the Western Cape

Sport[]

  • Willem Alberts – professional rugby player
  • Kevin Anderson – professional tennis player
  • Clive Barker – former footballer and football coach, led the South Africa national football team to victory in the 1996 African Cup of Nations
  • Matthew Booth – former footballer
  • Francois Botha, professional boxer
  • Michael Botha – professional rugby player
  • Mark Boucher – former professional cricketer
  • Vincent Breet – rower
  • Okkert Brits – former pole vaulter, holds the African record and only African in the "6 metres club"
  • Schalk Brits – professional rugby player
  • Zola Budd – former Track and field runner, broke the world record in the women's 5000 m twice in under three years
  • Schalk Burger – former professional rugby player
  • Jan-Henning Campher – rugby player
  • Bradley Carnell – former footballer
  • Gerrie Coetzee – former boxer, first boxer from Africa to win a world heavyweight title
  • Tony Coyle – former footballer
  • Hansie Cronje – professional cricketer
  • Allan Donald, professional cricketer
  • Ernie Els, professional golfer, former World No. 1 and winner of four Majors
  • Brett Evans, former footballer and current football coach
  • Paul Evans – former footballer
  • Rowen Fernández – former footballer
  • Lyndon Ferns – former swimmer and gold medallist in the 4x100m freestyle relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics
  • Wayne Ferreira – former tennis player
  • Louis Oosthuizen - professional golfer and winner of 2010 British Open
  • Grant Langston - former professional motocross rider who competed in Europe and the USA
  • Mark Fish – former footballer
  • Dean Furman – footballer, captain of South African team
  • Retief Goosen – professional golfer, twice US Open champion
  • Penny Heyns, former swimmer, the only woman in the history of the Olympic Games to have won both the 100 m and 200 m breaststroke events, at the 1996 Summer Olympics
  • Pierre Issa – former footballer
  • Lood de Jager – professional rugby player
  • Johan Kriek – former professional tennis player and winner of the 1981 Australian Open
  • Patrick Lambie – former professional rugby player
  • Victor Matfield – former professional rugby player
  • Franco Naudé – professional rugby player
  • Malcolm Marx – professional rugby player
  • Faf de Klerk – professional rugby player
  • Kwagga Smith – professional rugby player
  • Franco Mostert – professional rugby player
  • Cobus Reinach – professional rugby player
  • Vincent Koch – professional rugby player
  • Quinton de Kock – professional cricketer
  • Pieter-Steph du Toit – professional rugby player
  • Jan Serfontein – professional rugby player
  • Jacques Potgieter – Former professional rugby player
  • Thomas du Toit – professional rugby player
  • R.G. Snyman – professional rugby player
  • Jean de Villiers – former professional rugby player
  • AB de Villiers, professional South African batsman
  • Handré Pollard – Professional rugby player
  • Duane Vermeulen - Professional rugby player
  • Francois Louw - Professional rugby player
  • Eben Etzebeth - Professional rugby player
  • Steven Kitshoff - Professional rugby player
  • Jesse Kriel - Professional rugby player
  • Louis Schreuder - Professional rugby player
  • Giniel de Villiers, racing driver and winner of the 2009 Dakar Rally
  • Natalie du Toit, paralympian swimmer
  • Rassie van der Dussen – Professional cricketer
  • Chad le Clos, swimmer and gold medalist in the 200m butterfly at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London
  • Raymond Leppan, professional wrestler, formerly signed with World Wrestling Entertainment performing under the name Adam Rose
  • Paul Lloyd Jr., professional wrestler, formerly signed with World Wrestling Entertainment where he performed under the name Justin Gabriel
  • Hank McGregor surfskier and kayak marathon champion
  • Elana Meyer, former long-distance runner, set 15 km road running and half marathon African records
  • Percy Montgomery, former rugby union player and current record holder for both caps and points for the Springboks
  • Albie Morkel, cricketer
  • Morne Morkel, cricketer
  • Ryk Neethling, former swimmer and gold medallist in the 4x100m freestyle relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics
  • Karen Muir, former swimmer
  • Louis Oosthuizen, professional golfer, winner of 2010 Open Championship
  • François Pienaar, former captain of the Springboks, leading South Africa to victory in the 1995 Rugby World Cup
  • Gary Player, Golf Player, Ranks fourth in the world by total men's major championships won (9)
  • Jonty Rhodes, professional cricketer
  • Oscar Pistorius, former paralympic athlete; convicted for killing his girlfriend
  • Gary Player, former professional golfer, widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of golf
  • André Pretorius, former rugby player
  • Corrie Sanders, in 2003 became the WBO heavyweight champion; murdered in 2012
  • Jody Scheckter, former Formula One auto-racer and winner of 1979 Formula One season
  • Roland Schoeman, swimmer and gold medallist in the 4x100m freestyle relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics
  • Charl Schwartzel, professional golfer and winner of the 2011 Masters Tournament
  • John Smit, former captain of the Springboks, leading South Africa to victory in the 2007 Rugby World Cup
  • Graeme Smith, former captain of the Proteas
  • Dale Steyn, cricket pace bowler
  • Carla Swart, collegiate cyclist, won nineteen individual and team cycling titles
  • Neil Tovey, former captain of the South Africa national football team, leading the team to victory in the 1996 African Cup of Nations
  • Hans Vonk, former footballer, South Africa's first choice goalkeeper during 1998 Fifa World Cup
  • Eric Tinkler, former footballer
  • Roger De Sá, former footballer
  • Andrew Tucker, former footballer
  • Dillon Sheppard, former footballer
  • Calvin Marlin, former footballer
  • Ivan Winstanley, former footballer
  • Neil Winstanley, former footballer
  • Glen Salmon, former footballer
  • Dillon Sheppard, former footballer
  • Darian Townsend, swimmer and gold medallist in the 4x100m freestyle relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics
  • Cameron van der Burgh, swimmer who represented South Africa at the 2008 Summer Olympics and at the 2012 Summer Olympics winning gold at the 100-meter breaststroke in a new world record
  • Janine van Wyk, footballer and Captain of South Africa women's national football team
  • Douglas Whyte, horse racing jockey, 13-time Hong Kong champion jockey
  • Faf du Plessis, professional cricketer
  • Kevin Pietersen, Former England International Cricketer

Other[]

  • Mariette Bosch, murderer executed by the government of Botswana in 2001 for the murder of South African Ria Wolmarans

See also[]

References[]

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  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Posel, Deborah (2001). "What's in a name? Racial categorisations under apartheid and their afterlife" (PDF). Transformation: 50–74. ISSN 0258-7696. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2006.
  5. ^ Hunt, John (2005). Campbell, Heather-Ann (ed.). Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 13–35. ISBN 978-1904744955.
  6. ^ Keegan, Timothy (1996). Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order (1996 ed.). David Philip Publishers (Pty) Ltd. pp. 15–37. ISBN 978-0813917351.
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  21. ^ Wood, Simon (22 January 2006). "Race against time". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 February 2013. Certainly the new phenomenon of white poverty is often blamed on the government's Affirmative Action employment legislation, which reserves 80 per cent of new jobs for blacks.
  22. ^ O'Reilly, Finbarr (26 March 2010). "Tough times for white South African squatters". Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2013. At least 450,000 white South Africans, 10 percent of the total white population, live below the poverty line
  23. ^ Wood, Simon (22 January 2006). "Race against time". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 February 2013. some research claiming that up to 150,000 are destitute and struggling for survival
  24. ^ Africa, Statistics South. "Five facts about poverty in South Africa | Statistics South Africa". Retrieved 24 August 2019.
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