Yingkiong

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Yingkiong
Town
Welcome Gate,Yingkiong
Welcome Gate,Yingkiong
Yingkiong is located in Arunachal Pradesh
Yingkiong
Yingkiong
Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 28°36′37″N 95°02′51″E / 28.61037°N 95.047531°E / 28.61037; 95.047531Coordinates: 28°36′37″N 95°02′51″E / 28.61037°N 95.047531°E / 28.61037; 95.047531
Country India
StateArunachal Pradesh
Elevation
200 m (700 ft)
Population
 (2011 Census)
 • Total8,573
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationAR-14
Websitehttps://uppersiang.nic.in/

Yingkiong is a town in and the administrative headquarters of Upper Siang district in the Northeast Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.[1] It is located 250 kilometres (160 mi) north of Itanagar, the capital of the state,[2] and 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of the River Siang.[3] According to the 2011 Census, the town has a total population of 8,573.[4]

History[]

The district of Upper Siang (where Yingkiong is located) was a division of the East Siang district until 1995; then, it split from East Siang district as a separate administrative district northwest of Pasighat.[5]

Upper Siang is as old as the period when Arunachal Pradesh was a region independent of British occupation.[6] The region was not brought under the administrative control of the British or other powers until the Anglo-Burmese war of 1826-1861.

After the Anglo-Burmese war and the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo between Burma and the British expeditionary forces, Burma ceded the northeastern region of Assam,[7] Cachar, and Manipur[8] to the British.[9] However, British control did not extend to the state of Arunachal Pradesh as a whole, as the British only annexed land up to Pasighat in the East Siang.

In 1911, following the Anglo-Abor wars, the British gained administrative control of Upper Siang. As a result, the district fell under the administrative control of the Assistant Political Officer stationed at Sadiya in Assam during the period. Some notable British civil servants who held the role of Assistant Political Officer included Jack Francis Needham, appointed in 1882,[10] and Noel Williamson, who was assassinated by locals of Komsing village in East Siang district.[11][12]

Geography[]

View of (NH-513) Yingkiong

Yingkiong is characterised by its hilly terrains and river valleys.[13] The town sits at an elevation of 200 m (660 ft) above sea level. Yingkiong is surrounded by hills, and the Siang River flows to its west. Tuting, Singging, and Bishing are towns north of Yingkiong, geographically close to the Indo-China border. Simong, Gobuk, Puging, Pangkang, Gette, Moying, Bomdo, Likor, and Millang are some of the villages and hamlets that surround Yingkiong.

Climate[]

Yingkiong has a relatively warm and humid subtropical climate. The highest recorded temperature in Yingkiong is 39°C during summer, and 4°C in winter.[14] The highest recorded annual rainfall of Yingkiong is 3116 mm.[15] The higher parts of the town receive snowfall for most of the year.

Villagers trekking to upper region of Yingkiong town covered with snow for a major period of the year.

Economy[]

The majority of Yingkiong households are subsistence farmers. Fruit and vegetable cultivation for commercial sale is endorsed by local administration through MIDH (Mission For Integrated Development of Horticulture), a centrally-sponsored scheme of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.[16][17] Of the gross 69 percent of households engaged in agriculture in Upper Siang, the Yingkiong township has the highest number of urban agrarian households.[14]

Jhum cultivation (slash and burn) and terrace farming are the most common farming techniques. Rice, maize, and millet are the main food crops. Cash crops like turmeric and sugarcane are commonly grown.[18]

Cultivation of seasonal fruits like oranges and pineapple is common, and during periods of favourable cultivation and surplus output, they are bulk transported for sale in local markets or outside the town in Pasighat. Pisciculture (Fish farming) is also common and it is promoted under a centrally sponsored FFDA (Fish Farmer Development Agency) programme to generate employment for locals and revenue for the state[19]

A variety of Black and Red Tea called Siang Tea[20] is also produced at Deki Tea estate at Ramsing Village for export and domestic consumption.[21]

Along with agricultural products, handicrafts such as woven bamboo stools known as "Murha" are often seen. The Adi tribe are known for making a distinct type of traditional basket called "Egin," used frequently by the locals for carrying household items like rice, dried wood, and other edibles or farm products.[22]

Demographics[]

According to 2011 census, the town has a total population of 8,573. The male population was 4,381, and the female population 4,192. There were 1,139 persons in the age group of 0 to 6. The total working population was 3,787, with the male working population at 2,221 and the female working population at 1,566.[23] It has a non-working population of 4,786 persons, mostly of dependent age.

The literacy rate of the region is 64%. The female literacy rate is 44.89% and the male literacy rate is 55%.[24]

Adi is the primary dialect spoken in the area. The Hindi language is commonly used as a Lingua franca.

Religion[]

The following table shows the population by religion, according to the 2001 census.

Total Population Hinduism Islam Christianity Sikhism Buddhist Jain Donyi-Polo Not Stated
Total Population 6,540 2,028 198 1,061 4 117 0 3,075 57

Culture[]

Festivals[]

The locals of Yingkiong celebrate the Solung[25], Aran (Unying-Aran), Etor,[26] Siang River Darshan, and Mopin festivals.

Tapu (a typical aggressive posturing by male members of Adi tribe) during Aran festival staging the war cry dance during actual tribe wars done as a 'warm up' before the real armed conflict.
Tribal women performing traditional welcome dance (Ponung) as a part of Siang River festival.
  • The Solung festival revolves around agriculture and celebrates good harvest. Prevalent among the Adi community are various myths, stories, faiths, and beliefs about the origin of the Solung festivities. Generally celebrated mid-August–September, the exact date for the festival each year is fixed by a village council called Kebang[14] or by the Gam (village headman). On the festival day, villagers prepare rice-beer (Apong). Fresh vegetables and plenty of meats are also stored for the occasion.
  • Aran (Unying Aran) is a new year festival of the Adi community celebrated in the districts of East and Upper Siang.[27] It marks the arrival of the spring. During the festival, male elders of the village perform the Bari dance, and young boys and girls perform the Yakjong dance. The dances narrate the stories of the origin of the festival. They also pray for the good health and prosperity of the people.
  • The Etor festival is celebrated on May 15 by Adi tribes of East and Upper Siang. Etor literally means 'fence'. It is related to the protection of crops by fencing in cultivated lands and protecting earlier local bovine (Mithuns) in large fields.[28] A huge feast is held, and offerings are made to gods. Etor marks the beginning of the annual agricultural cycle of the community.[26]
  • The Siang River festival, previously known as the Brahmaputra Darshan Festival. After 2005, Yingkiong, Tuting, and Pasighat were chosen as the places to conduct this festival of Communal Harmony.[29]

Transport[]

The town is connected to the rest of the country and Arunachal Pradesh via National Highway 513 (NH-513) and NH-52 from Pasighat (126 km) to Itanagar (392 km). Modes of transport include sumo (taxi) services and APSTs (Arunachal Pradesh State Transport) bus services.[30] Gelling-Tuting-Yingkiong-Pasighat strategic India-China Border Roads connects it Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the north at Gelling circle HQ which is also an ITBP station.

In January 2019, Gandhi Bridge, a 300-meter long cable stayed suspension foot-bridge, was constructed over the Brahmaputra River. The bridge connects the town of Tuting on the eastern bank to the road to Tuting-Gelling on the western bank, thus reducing 40 km travel distance for 20,000 residents of nearby villages.[31]

Earlier aerial connectivity was limited to Mohanbari Airport in Dibrugarh.[30][32] In 2018, a newly built Pasighat Airport was operationalised in Pasighat town,[33] which is currently the nearest airport to reach Yingkiong. There is direct aerial connectivity to Yingkiong through the helicopter services which are available from Pasighat, Itanagar and from Assam.[34] There are two heliports in the town, one near Siang and the other opposite of the District Collector office in Yingkiong that facilitates helicopter landing services.[35]

The nearest railway station is 165 km south at Murkongselek in the Jonai District of Assam,[36] connecting the town of Yingkiong via Pasighat.[37]

Tourism[]

Palyul Monastery in Upper Siang
Gandhi Bridge (a makeshift swinging bridge) over the Siang river, made of cane and bamboo. It is a major tourist attraction across Siang river.

Notable tourist spots in and around the town:

  • Jengging-Yingkiong Circuit — a small town and trekking site, situated at a distance of approximately 20 km (12 mi).
  • Mouling National Park — created in 1982, the park has abundant flora and fauna including red panda, hoolock gibbons, tigers, wild water buffalo, panther, elephant, hog deer, barking deer, sambar deer, and python.[38]
  • Palyul Gompa — a sacred Buddhist temple, located in Tuting,[39] roughly 300 km (190 mi) from Yingkiong towards the North.[40]
  • Tuting-Geling Singha Triangle — the Pemako Zone of the Tibetan form of Buddhism;[41] it lies amidst natural lakes,close to the Indo-China border.
  • Gandhi Bridge — a hanging bridge over river Siang,[42] made of cane[43] and timber, on the way to Tuting and Moying.
  • Ekodumbeng-Ruitala — a region famous for tuber-root like poisonous aconite used for hunting game; animals sighted here include the Gnu goat, musk deer, and various bird species.[44] This place also hold religious significance for followers of Buddhism as these region is also called Riu Tala-(Amlokeshwara) meaning a Paradise.[45][46]
  • Pekimodi Village near Mariyang town largely untouched by modern development projects.
    Mariyang-Pekimodi — home to native tribes of Upper Siang called Pasi, Padam, Dalbing, Millang at a distance of 50 km (31 mi) southeast of Yingkiong is the small town of Mariyang, situated at the confluence of the Yammeng and Yamne rivers. Damroh village (located here) is the largest village in the Upper Siang district.[44] This region is known for sightings of aircraft wreckage of United States lost in 1944 during the Second World War.[47][48]
View of sacred Tsitapuri Lake in Upper Siang
  • Tsitapuri Circuit — A pilgrimage site amidst serene lakes and mountains, covered with snows throughout the year.[49] It is considered[by whom?] as one of the dwelling abode of Holy Guru Rinpoche. It has around 108 lakes. Lake Dhankosa is the most well known among them.[50] Followers of Buddhism hold the popular belief that here anyone with a pure heart will witness different sacred wild animals.[51]
  • Nay Dewakota - The word Dewakota translate to 'Abode of God' and Nay means the 'Sacred Site'. This place is nestled in a plateau flanked by Nyigong river approximately 40 km (25 mi) ahead of Tuting Village in Upper Siang. Owing to rough terrain, this region is not accessible by motor vehicles.[51] It is believed by devotees of Buddhism that in this sacred pilgrimage site Holy Guru Rinpoche has treasured holy scripts and sacred items yet to be discovered and deciphered. The place also houses numerous caves considered holy by Buddhist locals.[52]

COVID-19[]

The town has so far reported multiple confirmed cases of COVID-19 infections. Among them was a student returnee from the National Capital Region and the Health and Family Welfare Minister of Arunachal Pradesh who is a native of Yingkiong.The town has no COVID-19 testing lab facility so far.[53][54]

Notable people[]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Upper Siang | Arunachal Pradesh | DISTRICTS OF INDIA". districts.nic.in. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  2. ^ http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/Dist-Profile-Upper-Siang.pdf
  3. ^ "Unnamed Road to Unnamed Road". Unnamed Road to Unnamed Road. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Census, Govt of India - Yingkiong". 2011.
  5. ^ "Pasighat to Yingkiong". Pasighat to Yingkiong. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  6. ^ "History | DISTRICT UPPER SIANG | India". Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  7. ^ "LEST WE FORGET: The Burmese Invasions of Assam (1817-1826)". TNT-The NorthEast Today. 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019.
  8. ^ "RCILTS, IIT Guwahati". www.iitg.ac.in. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
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  10. ^ Report on the Administration of North East India. Mittal Publications. 1984.
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  13. ^ "Ground Water Information Booklet. Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh" (PDF). September 2013.
  14. ^ a b c http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Arunachal/UPPER%20SIANG.pdf
  15. ^ Managing natural resources : focus on land and water : felicitation volume in honour of Professor R.L. Dwivedi. Dwivedi, R. L., 1924-, Misra, H. N. (Harikesh N.), 1945-. Delhi. 13 March 2014. ISBN 9788120349339. OCLC 893309586.CS1 maint: others (link)
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  17. ^ "Home | Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)". midh.gov.in. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  18. ^ "ARUNACHAL PRADESH | Department of Agriculture Cooperation & Farmers Welfare | Mo A&FW | GoI". agricoop.nic.in. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  19. ^ "Department of Fisheries | Arunachal Pradesh". meenarun.nic.in. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  20. ^ "SIANG TEA AND INDUSTRIES PVT LTD - Company, directors and contact details | Zauba Corp". www.zaubacorp.com. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
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