Yuzuru Hanyu Olympic seasons

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Figure skater Yuzuru Hanyu with the gold medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Yuzuru Hanyu at the 2014 Winter Olympics, after winning his first gold medal
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Yuzuru Hanyu

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Throughout his figure skating career, Yuzuru Hanyu has competed at the Olympics three times winning gold medals twice (in 2014 and 2018) and placing fourth in 2022. He is the first Asian men's singles skater to win the Olympic gold. At nineteen years old, he was the youngest male skater to win the Olympic title since Dick Button in 1948. He also became the first man to win two consecutive Olympic gold medals since Button's back-to-back titles in 1948 and 1952.

In his first Olympic season, Hanyu skated to "Parisienne Walkways" by Gary Moore as his short program and Romeo and Juliet by Nino Rota as the free skate. With the former, he has scored two world records in two Grand Prix events in the previous season and broke another record at the 2014 Winter Olympics, becoming the first male skater to score over 100 points in the short program. He ended the season as the only Asian skater to win the Olympics, Worlds and the Grand Prix Final in the same season. He was the second skater after Alexei Yagudin (in 2002) across all disciplines to accomplish this triple win.

In his second Olympic season, Hanyu returned to his short program Ballade No. 1 by Frédéric Chopin and free skate Seimei by Shigeru Umebayashi, with which he broke back-to-back world records at the 2015 NHK Trophy and the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final. He set another world record in the short program at the 2017 Autumn Classic International and landed his first quadruple Lutz jump in the free skate at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup.

In his third Olympic season, Hanyu debuted his short program to a special piano arrangement of Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso by  [ja], and reused Heaven and Earth (天と地と) by Isao Tomita for the free skate from the previous season. The two programs earned him his sixth national title and two event record scores at the 2021–22 Japan Championships. He attempted the quadruple Axel for the first time in an international competition at the 2022 Winter Olympics which received the base value of quad Axel, before being reduced for underrotation, making it the closest attempt to date.

Hanyu was bestowed with the People's Honour Award by the Prime Minister of Japan as well as two Medals of Honor with Purple Ribbon for his achievements at the Winter Olympics. He was also listed in ESPN's World Fame 100 and The Dominant 20 along with Forbes' 30 Under 30 Asia for his successful Olympic season in 2018.[1][2][3]

2013–14 season and the 2014 Winter Olympics[]

Key events before the 2013–14 season[]

refer to caption
Hanyu with Patrick Chan (center) and Daisuke Takahashi (left) at the 2012 World Championships podium, where he received his first world medal
For more details about events before the 2013–14 season, see Yuzuru Hanyu § Pre-Olympic career.

In the 2010–11 season, Hanyu moved up to the senior level as the reigning world and national junior champion as well as the Junior Grand Prix Final winner.[4] However, in the Japanese senior field, he faced significant competition in Daisuke Takahashi, Nobunari Oda, Takahiko Kozuka and Tatsuki Machida amongst others, who had all finished ahead of him at the 2009–10 Japan Figure Skating Championships.[5] At the 2010 NHK Trophy, Hanyu landed his first successful quadruple jump, a quad toe loop.[6] In the same season, at the 2011 Four Continents Championships, Hanyu won his first medal at a main international senior competition, where he placed second behind Takahashi.[7] When the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami caused severe damage to Hanyu's hometown of Sendai and the local ice rink, he was forced to move his training base for the rest of the 2010–11 season. He also participated in numerous ice shows in order to get additional practice time and raise money for the areas affected by the earthquake and tsuanmi.[8] At the 2012 World Championships in the following season, Hanyu became the youngest Japanese skater to win a world championship medal, finishing third behind the then two-time world champion Patrick Chan and Daisuke Takahashi. Both skaters acknowledged Hanyu as a strong rival for the future after the competition.[9]

After the 2011–12 season, Hanyu changed coaches, from Nanami Abe, with whom he had trained since 2004, and moved to Canada to train with Brian Orser at the Toronto Cricket Club in Canada. His main motivation for the change were the consistent quadruple jumps of Orser's student Javier Fernández.[10] The move resulted in immediate success: at the 2012 Finlandia Trophy, Hanyu landed his first quad Salchow in an international competition.[6]: 2 [11] During the 2012–13 Grand Prix Series, Hanyu set his first two world records in the short program.[12] At the Grand Prix Final, which served as a test event for the 2014 Winter Olympics, Hanyu finished second behind Takahashi and beat Chan for the first time in a competition.[13] Two weeks later at the Japan Championships, Hanyu won his first national senior title, defeating the reigning and five-time national champion, Daisuke Takahashi.[14] After the 2013 Four Continents Championships, where he had finished second, Hanyu suffered a knee injury and resumed training two weeks prior the 2013 World Championships. An additional ankle sprain in the official practice forced him to compete while taking painkillers. Placing ninth after the short program, he fought back to fourth place overall, which secured the third spot for the Japanese national team at the 2014 Winter Olympics.[6]: 3 [12]

Programs of the 2013–14 season[]

Short program: "Parisienne Walkways"[]

refer to caption
Hanyu performing his short program to "Parisienne Walkways" at the 2013 Trophée Éric Bompard

For his first Olympic season, Hanyu returned to his short program "Parisienne Walkways" from the 2012–13 season.[6] The music piece is a medley of the songs "Parisienne Walkways" by Gary Moore and "Hoochie Coochie Man" by the Jeff Healey Band from their album Live at Montreux 1999.[15] Hanyu scored two world records with the program in his two Grand Prix events in the 2012–13 season.[6][12]

"Parisienne Walkways" was Hanyu's first of his multiple collaborations with Canadian choreographer Jeffrey Buttle.[16] For Buttle, who also choreographed a short program for defending three-time world champion Patrick Chan in the same season, it was important to highlight the different strengths of the two skaters. In Hanyu's case, Buttle wanted not only to create a program that fit the "wild abandonment" in his skating,[17] but also to help him overcome his shyness and have some fun. He pointed out Hanyu's engagement and active role in the creation of the choreography: "It's always nice to have someone who will sort of play along with the choreography instead of just standing and waiting for me to say something".[18] Later in 2018, Buttle named "Parisienne Walkways" as the most memorable program among the ones he had choreographed for Hanyu up to that point. He praised Hanyu's ability to pull in the audience and his maturity as a performer at such young age.[19]

The costume was created by Japanese costume designer Tadashi Nagashima. For the 2013–14 season, the color of the top was changed from grey to blue.[20]

Free skate program: Romeo and Juliet[]

refer to caption
Hanyu in his free skate costume at the 2013 Finlandia Trophy

For the free skate, Hanyu selected the music from Franco Zeffirelli's film Romeo and Juliet (1968) composed by Nino Rota. In the 2011–12 season, he had already performed to Craig Armstrong's soundtrack of Baz Luhrmann's film Romeo + Juliet (1996), earning him his first world championship medal.[6]: 4 [9]

The music piece was Hanyu's personal choice; the program was meant to mark the culmination of his first four senior seasons.[21] The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, his success at the 2012 World Championships and the subsequent coaching change were three key events of that period that influenced his decision.[22] "I spent two years with Nanami Abe in Sendai, and another two years with Brian and his team in Toronto. I wanted to create a program that expresses my gratitude for these four years."[23] Romeo + Juliet was the first free skate program he had skated after the earthquake and performed at multiple ice shows across Japan.[21] The support he had received from his fans, coaches and family at that time, made the music piece meaningful and precious to him.[23] However, he switched from Armstrong's to Rota's soundtrack for the Olympic season, as it stood out the most for him among the different versions of Romeo and Juliet and he had long wished to skate to that specific music piece.[22]

Hanyu asked Canadian choreographer David Wilson to create the program for him, but Wilson felt "conflicted"[24] about it because he had previously created choreography to the piece for many skaters, including Sasha Cohen's free skate program for the 2006 Winter Olympics.[25] In his letter to Wilson, Hanyu stressed his desire to skate to Rota's soundtrack and win the Olympics with it: "I don’t want to wait until the next Olympics to be the Olympic champion, I want to be the Olympic champion now. And I’m willing to do anything to make that happen, so please, please help me."[26] Wilson, who had already rejected Hanyu's request to skate to The Phantom of the Opera in the previous season, eventually agreed after realizing that Hanyu would use the music, anyway.[24]

The costume of the program was designed by American figure skater Johnny Weir, whom Hanyu admired,[27] and made by Stephanie Handler.[28][29] The color and shape of the top were influenced by Weir's personal preference for "white and sparkly" costumes.[30]

Pre-Olympic events[]

Statistics before the 2014 Olympics
Personal bests[31][32]
Short program99.84 (WR)
Free skate193.14
Combined total293.25
Technical content[33][34]
Types of quad jumps4T, 4S
Quad jumps in SP1
Quad jumps in FS2
Only successfully executed jumps and layouts listed (not planned content)

Hanyu began his season by competing at the 2013 Finlandia Trophy, which was not yet a part of the ISU Challenger Series. He won the gold medal after placing first in both the short program and the free skate. He scored 180.93 points in the free skate and a total of 265.59, an unofficial personal best.[35]

Hanyu's assignments in the 2013–14 Grand Prix series were the 2013 Skate Canada International and 2013 Trophée Éric Bompard. At Skate Canada, he moved up from third place in the short program to second place overall and won silver behind Patrick Chan. He expressed his disappointment about both performances,[36] having received negative grades of execution for all three attempted quadruple jumps and another three jumping passes.[37][38] At the Trophée Éric Bompard, Hanyu skated a clean short program and improved his world record score from the 2012 NHK Trophy by 0.05 points.[39] However, he finished second behind Chan, who had reset the world records in all three competition segments with 98.52 points in the short program, 196.75 in the free skating and 295.27 in the combined total.[31][40] The two second-place finishes qualified Hanyu for the 2013–14 Grand Prix Final.

refer to caption
Hanyu with Patrick Chan (left) and Nobunari Oda (right), after winning his first Grand Prix Final in 2013

At the Grand Prix Final in Fukuoka, he placed first in the short program and set a new world record with 99.84 points.[6]: 4 [31] He also won the free skate despite a fall on the quadruple Salchow, scoring new personal bests of 193.41 in the free skate and 293.25 in the combined total, claiming his first Grand Prix Final title.[32][41]

In December 2013, Hanyu competed at the 2013–14 Japan Championships, where he went on to win his second Japanese national title after placing first in both programs.[42] His scores of 103.10 in the short program and 297.80 in the combined total both exceeded the incumbent world records. However, they were not officially recognized as new highest scores because the ISU only records results that were achieved at international competitions, not national championships. Hanyu was subsequently appointed as part of the Japanese team for the Olympics and World Championships.[43]

2014 Winter Olympics[]

Hanyu went into his first Olympics as one of the gold medal favorites besides Patrick Chan of Canada, his compatriot Daisuke Takahashi and Evgeni Plushenko, the Olympic champion of 2006 and Olympic silver medalist of 2002 and the previous Winter Games in 2010.[44][45][46] Hanyu competed for the Japanese team at the figure skating team event, which was introduced for the first time that year. He took part in the men's short program where he competed for the first time against Plushenko whom he admired growing up.[47] He scored 97.98 points, winning that segment and earning 10 points for his team.[48] Team Japan finished fifth at the end of the event.[6]: 4 

At the men's short program individual event, Hanyu broke his world record by scoring 101.45 points, becoming the first skater to score above 100 points in the short program.[49] He went into the free skate with a near four-point lead ahead of Patrick Chan. In his free skate performance, he fell on the opening quad Salchow and put both hands down on a triple Flip, obtaining 178.64 points.[50] However, despite the mistakes he managed to win the free skate segment and captured the first Olympic gold medal for Japan in the men's singles event.[51] It was the second Olympic title in figure skating for the nation, following Shizuka Arakawa's win in the women's event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.[52] Hanyu's victory also marked the first time that an Asian country won gold in the men's event, and he became the youngest winner of the Olympic men's title since American Dick Button in 1948.[50][51][53] Hanyu was the only Japanese athlete across all sports to win gold at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.[54] After the competition, Hanyu expressed his dissatisfaction with his free skate, but also his determination as the Olympic champion to become stronger and work hard to create a new era, pledging to compete again at the next Winter Olympics.[55][56]

Post-Olympic events[]

Hanyu (center) with Tatsuki Machida (left) and Javier Fernández (right) at the 2014 World Championships podium
Hanyu (center) with Tatsuki Machida (left) and Javier Fernández (right), after winning his first world title

Hanyu completed the season with a victory at the 2014 World Championships in Saitama, Japan. Following a fall on a quad toe loop in the short program, Hanyu sat in third place with 91.24 points, following fellow Japanese skater Tatsuki Machida by 6.97 points. He came back with a free skate earning 191.35 points to win that segment and claimed his first World title with a total score of 282.59 points, which was only 0.33 points ahead of silver medalist Machida.[57] Hanyu became the only Asian and second skater after Alexei Yagudin (in 2002) across all disciplines to win the Olympics, World Championships and Grand Prix Final in the same season.[52][58] He concluded the season being ranked first in the world standings and also the season's world rankings.[59]

After season honors[]

On April 26, 2014, after returning to his hometown of Sendai, a parade was organized by Miyagi Prefecture, Sendai City, and Miyagi Prefecture Skating Federation to celebrate Hanyu's Olympic gold medal. It was held along the Higashi Nibancho-dori in the city center and attended by about 92,000 people.[60][61] Two days later, Hanyu was bestowed with the Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon by the Government of Japan for his contributions in sport.[62][63]

Subsequently, in May 2015, Madame Tussauds museum in Tokyo unveiled a life-size wax figure of Hanyu in the costume and the ending pose of his Olympic short program, "Parisienne Walkways".[64][65] In April 2017, a pair of monuments celebrating the achievements of two Olympic figure skating champions from Sendai, Hanyu and Shizuka Arakawa, was installed near the south exit of International Center Station on the Sendai Subway Tozai Line. Like his wax figure, Hanyu's monument also depicts the ending pose of the "Parisienne Walkways" program.[66]

2017–18 season and the 2018 Winter Olympics[]

Key events before the 2017–18 season[]

Yuzuru Hanyu in his free skate at the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki
Hanyu during his record-breaking free skate at the 2017 World Championships, where he won his second world title
For more details about events before the 2017–18 season, see Yuzuru Hanyu § First Olympic gold medal.

For Hanyu, the 2014–15 season was shaped by a series of injuries. It started with an accident where he hurt his back and was forced to withdraw from the 2014 Finlandia Trophy.[67][68] In his first Grand Prix event at the Cup of China, Hanyu collided with Chinese skater Yan Han during the free skate warm-up, suffering bruises on his head and chin along with injuring his midriff, left thigh, and right leg. Despite his severe condition, he competed in the free skate and finished second overall.[69] He came in fourth at the NHK Trophy, which secured his place at the 2014–15 Grand Prix Final,[70] where he won his third title in a row with the highest total score of the season. Hanyu's series of injuries continued with a sprain of his right ankle that forced him to stay in Japan until the 2015 World Championships, where he finished second behind his training mate Javier Fernández.[68]

Throughout the 2014–15 season, Hanyu had struggled with his short program layout, featuring a quadruple toe loop and a triple Lutz-triple toe loop combination in the second half of the program. This problem continued in the 2015–16 season, where he placed sixth in the short program at the 2015 Skate Canada with two invalid jumping passes. While his coach Brian Orser suggested a more "conservative" change, Hanyu decided to add another quad: "I thought by the time of Pyeongchang Olympics, you cannot win without a short program that includes two quads with difficult entries and exits—plus excellent footwork, spins and presentation. As the reigning Olympic champion, I want to be absolutely dominant."[71] The offensive strategy earned him a series of back-to-back world records in all three competition segments at the 2015 NHK Trophy and the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final. His short program and combined total scores at the Grand Prix Final remained the world records until the Olympic season.[31] He also became the first skater to score above 200 points in the free skate and to earn 300 points in total.[72] At the Japan Championships, Hanyu won his fourth and last national title before the Olympics.[4] However, a lingering pain in Hanyu's left foot worsened throughout the season, threatening his participation at the 2016 World Championships,[73][74] where he finished second again behind his teammate Fernández.[75] It was then announced that Hanyu had been diagnosed with a Lisfranc injury in his left foot, forcing him off ice for two months.[73][74]

In the pre-Olympic season, Hanyu continued to increase the technical difficulty of his programs, including four quadruple jumps in the free skate.[76] At the 2016 Autumn Classic, Hanyu became the first skater in history to land a quadruple loop jump in competition,[77] which he included in both the short and the free skate program.[6]: 7  In December, Hanyu also became the first skater to win four Grand Prix Finals in a row.[78] However, at the 2017 Four Continents Championships in Pyeongchang, the test event for the 2018 Olympics, Hanyu had to take the silver for the third time, finishing second behind American Nathan Chen. At the 2017 World Championships, Hanyu moved up from fifth place after the short program to first with a new world record in the free skate, which remained the standing record until the Olympic season.[6]: 7 [31] By then, four other skaters had also passed 300 points in the combined total score: Javier Fernández, Nathan Chen, Jin Boyang and Hanyu's compatriot Shoma Uno.[79]

Programs of the 2017–18 season[]

Short program: Ballade No. 1[]

Hanyu performing his short program at the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final in Barcelona
Hanyu's standstill pose at the beginning of his short program to Ballade No. 1

For the 2017–18 season, Hanyu decided to use his short program to Ballade No. 1 in G minor, Op. 23 by Frédéric Chopin for a third time after the 2014–15 and 2015–16 season.[6][80] With that program, Hanyu set back-to-back world records at the 2015 NHK Trophy and the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final. The latter remained as the incumbent record in the short program until the Olympic season.[31] Ballade No. 1 was also the first and only short program to score above 110 points at that time.[79]

The program was choreographed by Jeffrey Buttle, who supported Hanyu's decision to reuse Ballade No. 1 for the Olympic season.[16] Although it is unusual in figure skating to use the same music for three seasons,[80] according to Buttle, it was important to choose a piece the skater was familiar and comfortable with when facing the additional pressure at the Olympics.[16]

In May 2017, Hanyu debuted the Olympics version of Ballade No. 1 at the Fantasy on Ice in Makuhari with a new distribution of the elements, various choreographic changes, and increased technical difficulty, including a quadruple loop jump and a quad toe loop-triple toe loop combination in the second half of the program.[81] On the third day of the show, Hanyu skated a clean short program with a quad loop for the first time.[82][83] After the show, Hanyu stated in an interview that he preferred the placement of the steps and spins in the layout he had used at the 2015 NHK Trophy while the jumps matched the musical structure of the program better in the new version. He also noted that the new layout resembled the original choreography of the program, with the opening jump entered and exited by a spread eagle, and a quadruple toe loop moved into the second half. However, compared to his performances from the 2014–15 season, Hanyu now had the required skills and technique to realize his and Buttle's initial vision of the program.[82]

The original costume for the 2014–15 season was designed and created by Tadashi Nagashima.[84] The design used at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup and the 2018 Olympics saw the fourth version of the costume. Compared to the 2015–16 season version, the most striking changes were the added rhinestones at the collar and the removal of golden trim at the waist and sleeves.[28]

Free skate program: Seimei[]

Hanyu performing his free skate program at the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final in Barcelona
Hanyu in the opening pose of his free skate program Seimei

For the free skate, Hanyu decided to repeat his program Seimei to the soundtrack of the films Onmyōji and Onmyōji II (The Yin-Yang Master) composed by Shigeru Umebayashi.[27][80] In the 2015–16 season, Hanyu set two back-to-back world records with the program at the NHK Trophy and the Grand Prix Final, and became the first skater to score above 200 points in the free skate.[31] The good results and strong performances at past events encouraged Hanyu to bring back the program for the Olympics: "I was able to perform well to that music so I knew I wanted to use it in the Olympic season. I’ve been saving it for this occasion".[80] Compared to the technical layout of the 2015–16 season,[85] He planned to increase the difficulty of the program, with a quad Lutz and quad loop to open in addition to another three quadruple jumps in the second half.[80][86] He also noted the improvements in the composition of his free skate program compared to the previous season and his aim to create "strong, attacking choreography".[80]

In the program, Hanyu portrays the Onmyōji Abe no Seimei, a Japanese astronomer of the Heian period in the 10th century.[87] At Dreams on Ice in June 2015, Hanyu debuted the program and shared his thoughts on the music choice: "I want to expand my performing scale, and I want to do something Japanese. I think among all amateur male skaters I am the one who fits traditional Japanese style the most, and I want to interpret the delicateness and strength, to pay more attention to body lines, in order to create a program that reflects my characteristics."[88]

The program was choreographed by Canadian ice dancer Shae-Lynn Bourne, who had created Hanyu's free skate program to The Phantom of the Opera for the 2014–15 season.[6] Bourne, who was not familiar with the historical and cultural background of the music piece, conducted her own research, watched the movies and studied the dance movements and story of the program. In an interview, she noted how fast and seamless the process had been and acknowledged Hanyu's active role it.[89] This commitment was also noted by Takuya Yamaguchi, the chief priest of the Seimei Shrine in Kyoto, who met Hanyu during his visit and was impressed by his research and knowledge about Seimei.[87] To broaden his performance skills and better incorporate the role of Abe no Seimei, Bourne advised Hanyu to arrange a meeting with Mansai Nomura, who had portrayed the character in the Onmyōji movies.[19] Nomura, who is a well-known stage actor in the traditional Japanese Kyōgen theater, introduced Hanyu to the basic patterns and movements of kata and gave him advice on his posture and hand movements in the program.[90][91]

Since Hanyu had felt that a Japanese music piece might be better edited by a Japanese music editor, he personally sent his request to Keiichi Yano. Having a clear vision of the piece, Hanyu exchanged over 50 e-mails with Yano, creating a total of 32 different music cuts in a span of one month.[92] In addition, Hanyu recorded his own breath for the opening of the program: "I want some trigger sound, and I want it to be something like a sound of a breath, not a sound of an instrument."[93]

The costume was designed by Satomi Ito, who had created four different versions of the top between 2015 and 2017. The design was inspired by the clothes of the royal family in the Heian period.[94] The biggest change to the 2015–16 season version was the removal of a big part of the embroidery to reduce the weight of the costume.[28] The version created for the 2017 Autumn Classic differed slightly in colors from the Olympic one. Hanyu requested the use of white patterned fabric with purple and green-colored parts and a pentagram, one of Seimei's notable symbols.[94]

Pre-Olympic events[]

Statistics before the 2018 Olympics
Personal bests[31][95]
Short program112.72 (WR)
Free skate223.20 (WR)
Combined total330.43 (WR)
Technical content[76][86][96]
Types of quad jumps4T, 4S, 4Lo, 4Lz
Quad jumps in SP2 (1 in 2nd half)
Quad jumps in FS4 (3 in 2nd half)
Only successfully executed jumps and layouts listed (not planned content)
refer to caption
Hanyu performing his short program at the 2017 CS Autumn Classic, which set a new world record

At the 2017 Autumn Classic International, his first competition of the season, Hanyu received 112.72 points for his short program, breaking the world record he set previously at the 2015–16 Grand Prix Final (110.95). He executed all of his jumping passes cleanly, with two of them receiving the highest grade of execution possible at the time (+3.00) unanimously from the judges.[96] Due to pain in his right knee, he chose not to attempt a quadruple loop in this competition.[97] During the free skate, Hanyu performed an error-filled program, placing 5th with a score of 155.52 points, and won the silver medal overall behind Javier Fernández.[98]

Hanyu's scheduled competitions for the 2017–18 Grand Prix series were the 2017 Rostelecom Cup and the 2017 NHK Trophy.[6]: 8  At the Rostelecom Cup, Hanyu was second after the short program. He underrotated and lost balance on his opening quadruple loop jump and fell after his combination jump.[99][100] In the free skate, he landed his first quadruple Lutz in competition and received 1.14 GOE for the jump element. Despite making mistakes on two of his jumping passes, his performance pulled him into first place in the segment, with a score of 195.92. He finished second overall behind Nathan Chen by about three points.[86]

Hanyu injured a lateral ligament in his right ankle while practicing the quadruple Lutz on November 9, 2017. As a result, he decided to withdraw from the 2017 NHK Trophy, which automatically disqualified him from competing for his fifth consecutive Grand Prix Final title.[101][102][103] His recovery took longer than expected, so Hanyu also decided, even though the event served as an Olympic qualifier for Japanese skaters, to withdraw from the 2017 Japanese Championships. Despite his withdrawal, he was assured of a spot on the Olympic team, given his top world standing as well as his position as the reigning world champion and the defending Olympic champion.[6]: 8 [104] On December 24, 2017, Japan Skating Federation announced that Hanyu was assigned to represent Japan at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Italy.[105][106] However, on February 3, it was announced that Hanyu would not participate in the team event at the Olympics so that he would have more time to practice and prepare at his training base in Toronto for the individual event.[107]

2018 Winter Olympics[]

Hanyu arrived in South Korea on February 11, accompanied by a heavy security detail and amid intense media coverage.[108] His practice sessions at the Olympics were a subject of media scrutiny and were attended by hundreds of reporters.[109][110][111] At a press conference on February 13, held after one of his official practices, Hanyu revealed that he had been off the ice until January,[112] and started executing triple jumps just three weeks and quadruple jumps just two weeks before the competition.[113] He stated that he still had not decided which technical elements he would use for the event.[114]

On February 16, Hanyu performed a flawless short program, for which he scored 111.68 points, putting him first in that segment of the competition. The score was just 1.04 points shy of his personal best of 112.72, which was also the then-world record.[115] In the free skate, he scored 206.17 points with a solid program that included four quadruple jumps, three of them landed cleanly with nearly maximum grades of execution. He earned 317.85 points overall, winning his second consecutive Olympic gold medal, a feat that had not been achieved since Dick Button's back-to-back titles in 1948 and 1952.[116] Hanyu's medal was the 1000th medal awarded in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. He stood on the podium with his compatriot Shoma Uno (silver) and training mate Javier Fernandez (bronze).[117] According to Twitter's database, Hanyu was the most mentioned athlete and his win the most discussed moment of the 2018 Winter Olympics on the social media platform.[118][119]

refer to caption
Hanyu performing a triple Axel at the exhibition gala of the 2018 Winter Olympics

During a press conference on February 18, Hanyu revealed that he performed his Olympic practices and programs on strong painkillers. He admitted that if he had not been taking medication, he would have been unable to attempt the jumps or land them. The ankle injury he sustained in November, which led to a three-month hiatus from competing and lowering the technical difficulty of his programs for the Olympics, was more severe than anticipated,[120] and he would continue to take painkillers until the conclusion of the exhibition gala.[121][122] Hanyu also stated that his future competition plans were unclear since the injury had not healed yet, and he wanted to focus on full recovery. However, he said he had no intention to quit skating, and that his next goal would be landing a quadruple Axel, a jump that has never been landed in competition:[120]

I want to do [a quadruple Axel], because nobody else has. The jump that has never let me down is the triple Axel. I’ve probably put more time, practice and energy into it than to any other jump. One of my coaches has called the Axel ‘the king of jumps’ and while being grateful to the triple for all it’s given me, I’d like to aim for a quad.

— Yuzuru Hanyu (February 18, 2018)

Post-Olympic events[]

On March 7, 2018, the Japan Skating Federation announced that Hanyu had decided to withdraw from the upcoming World Championships in Milan, Italy, to allow his injured foot to recover. After a medical examination following his Olympic win, it was revealed that the damaged ligaments in his right ankle and other unspecified injuries required at least two weeks of rest and three months of rehabilitation to heal.[123] Despite his multiple withdrawals, Hanyu managed to place first in the world standings at the end of the 2017–18 season.[124]

In April 2018, Hanyu hosted his first self-produced three-day show Continues with Wings[125] at the Musashino Forest Sport Plaza in Tokyo, Japan, to which he invited skaters who had influenced and inspired him throughout his career.[126] His guest performers included Evgeni Plushenko, Johnny Weir, Shae-Lynn Bourne, Jeffrey Buttle and Takahito Mura. Despite not being originally scheduled, Hanyu surprised the spectators and performed a medley of various past programs, skipping jumps due to his injury.[127][128] The last day of the show was broadcast live to the public in 66 cinemas nationwide. During an interview after the last show, Hanyu reaffirmed his desire to continue skating, announcing his plans to be ready for the 2018–19 Grand Prix series and to "compete in as many events as possible".[129]

After season honors[]

refer to caption
Hanyu receives the People's Honour Award from Prime Minister Shinzo Abe

On April 22, 2018, Hanyu paraded in his hometown of Sendai to celebrate his consecutive Olympic gold medals, with about 108,000 people in attendance.[130] The event was funded by donations and the proceeds from the sale of the T-shirts featuring silhouettes of Hanyu and his signature. It generated an estimated 1.85 billion yen ($16 million) and the profit, worth approximately 22 million yen after deducting the total cost of the parade, was donated to a local figure skating federation.[131] On April 28, Hanyu was awarded with the Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon for the second time.[132]

On June 1, 2018, it was announced that Hanyu would receive the People's Honour Award, a prestigious government commendation bestowed by the Prime Minister of Japan. However, Hanyu declined to receive a commemorative gift along with the award, stating that he was receiving the award as a representative of the people who supported him.[133] Hanyu has been the youngest among the 27 recipients since the award's creation in 1977 and the first figure skater to be given the honor. Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga stated that the award had been given to appreciate Hanyu's "historic achievement" that "gave dreams and thrills to the people and hope and courage to society".[134]

In 2019, Hanyu took part in a ceremony in Sendai to unveil the design of a new monument depicting his trademark Seimei pose performed when he won his second Olympic gold medal, which was later installed next to his other monument installed in 2017.[66]

2021–22 season and the 2022 Winter Olympics[]

Key events before the 2021–22 season[]

Hanyu(center) with Jason Brown (left) and Yuma Kagiyama (right) at the 2020 Four Continents Championships podium in Seoul
Hanyu at the 2020 Four Continents Championships podium, having completed the first career Super Slam in the men's singles discipline
For more details about events before the 2021–22 season, see Yuzuru Hanyu § Second Olympic gold medal.

Upon the conclusion of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, Hanyu announced his desire to continue his competitive career and named the quad Axel jump as his next goal.[120][135]

At the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki, Hanyu reset all three world records in the new judging system and became the first skater to land a quad toe loop-triple Axel sequence in competition.[6]: 9 [136] With his victory at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup, he managed to win both Grand Prix assignments for the first time. However, after a heavy fall on a quad loop attempt in practice, he injured the same ankle that had forced him off competition before the 2018 Winter Olympics.[78][137] Despite the risk, he decided to compete at the 2019 World Championships with painkillers.[138] He managed to set new world records in the free skate and the combined total but finished second behind Nathan Chen.[139]

Hanyu started off the following season strongly, winning both Grand Prix events with margins of more than 55 points and clearing the 300 mark twice in the combined total.[140][141] At the 2019 Grand Prix Final, he attempted multiple quad Axels in practice but did not succeed.[142] In the free skate, he landed five quadruple jumps for the first time, among them the quad loop and quad Lutz that had caused him two career-threatening injuries in the past two seasons, yet he lost the competition to Chen.[6][78] It was followed with a second-place finish at the 2019 Japan Nationals, and Hanyu was plagued by doubts: "For a moment, I thought I had become tired of competing and I could probably give up at any point. I could always quit, but there are many people who support me who would certainly be very disappointed if I did that."[143] In the next competition, Hanyu took a fresh approach, returning to his programs from the 2018 Winter Olympics, and won his first gold medal at the Four Continents Championships with a new world record score in the short program, which remained the standing record until the 2021–22 season.[144] With that title, Hanyu became the first male single skater to complete the career Super Slam.[78]

In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Hanyu decided to return to his hometown of Sendai. He was coached remotely, training alone at his home rink with a focus on the quadruple Axel and creating large parts of his programs' choreography himself. Due to concerns about the coronavirus, Hanyu withdrew from the 2020–21 Grand Prix series.[143] In order to qualify for the 2021 World Championships, Hanyu decided to compete at the 2020 Japan Championships, where he performed a clean free skate with positive grades of execution for all technical elements, winning his fifth national title and earning him a new unofficial national record in the free skate.[145] At the World Championships, Hanyu took the lead after the short program, but struggled in the free skate and finished third overall behind Chen and his countryman Yuma Kagiyama, resulting in his lowest competition placement since the 2014 NHK Trophy.[4][146] However, with the bronze medal, he helped to secure three Olympic berths for Japanese men and became the second male single skater after Jan Hoffmann to win seven world medals since World War II.[52][145] He concluded the season with a second-place finish behind Chen in the men's event at the 2021 World Team Trophy.[145] In the practice session of the exhibition gala he attempted multiple quadruple Axels for the first time since 2019, but was not able to land the jump successfully.[142]

At the 2021 Dreams on Ice, Hanyu explained that he did not feel the same drive to win the 2022 Beijing Olympics compared to the 2018 Winter Games in Pyeongchang.[147] In an interview at the 2021 World Championships, he made his goal clear for the 2021–22 season:[6]: 11 [148]

僕は4Aを目指している状況ですけど、4Aを目指している状況の中に五輪というものがあれば、それはうん、考えます。ただ、最終目標はオリンピックで金メダルではなくて、あくまでも4回転半を成功させることが僕にとっての一番の目標。

I'm aiming for the quadruple Axel, but if the Olympics happen to be on the way to land the quad Axel, I'll think about it. However, my primary goal is not to win the gold medal at the Olympics, but to succeed in four and a half revolutions.

— Yuzuru Hanyu (March 28, 2021)

Programs of the 2021–22 season[]

Short program: Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso[]

For the 2020–21 season, Hanyu chose to skate to the music piece Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso, Op. 28, composed by Camille Saint-Saëns. For the first time in an Olympic season, Hanyu decided to use a new short program that he had not tested previously in international competition.[145][149] It was his second program to a composition by Saint-Saëns after "Notte Stellata (The Swan)", which he performed at the exhibition gala of the 2018 Winter Olympics and other events between 2016 and 2019.[150][151]

Hanyu stated that he had been searching for a piano piece and short program "with an expression that only Yuzuru Hanyu can do"[152] for a long time. He also stated that Rondo Capriccioso was a piece he always wanted to skate to, but felt that a piano version would suit his style better than the original composition for violin and orchestra. He consulted Japanese pianist  [ja] to create a special arrangement for him: "I thought that if I used an original piano version by Kiyozuka, who gave me the energy to live and skate when I was going through a very hard time last season, I would be able to skate more comfortably."[153] He wished for a piece that was overflowing with passion, but also carried some sorrow and delicacy.[154] Hanyu had already skated to Kiyozuka's piano version of the Japanese song "春よ、来い ( [ja])" in various exhibition galas since 2018 and did a live show collaboration with him at the 2018 Fantasy on Ice.[143][155]

The foundation of the choreography was layed by Jeffrey Buttle. In order to improve the program regarding different aspects such as the storyline and expression, Hanyu also consulted his coaches Brian Orser, Tracy Wilson and choreographer Shae-Lynn Bourne. The program is an expression of his memories and feelings from a time, when he hadn't made any progress with the quadruple Axel, how he tried to push forward and eventually caught something in his grasp that is shown by the final pose. Hanyu noted that regarding the base value of the technical elements it might not be the hardest program he was capable of, but he increased the difficulty of his transitions in the layout: "There is only about one crossover before each jump, there are hardly any crossovers in this program. I certainly want these aspects to be seen. In terms of expression, it might not be as refined as my signature programs like 'Ballade No. 1' or 'Seimei' yet, but it is a program with a specific story and feelings woven into the music. I'd like to make it a program where everything can be seen, not only the jumps."[154]

Free skate program: Heaven and Earth (天と地と)[]

For the free skate, Hanyu announced his plans to reuse his program Heaven and Earth (天と地と) from the previous season and incorporate the quadruple Axel as the first jump.[156][157] The music is a medley of the opening themes of the two taiga dramas Ten to Chi to (1969) and Shin Heike Monogatari (1972), composed by Isao Tomita.[93] At the 2020–21 National Championships, Hanyu performed a clean free skate and set a new unofficial national record score with this program.[145] According to him, a skate with high continuity between its segments and with seamlessly executed jumps is essential to convey the meaning and expression of this particular program.[158]

The program was choreographed remotely by Shae-Lynn Bourne, who arranged online meetings and exchanged multiple video mails with Hanyu.[159] Due to limitations of presence coaching during the corona pandemic, Hanyu had to work out many parts of the choreography himself.[143] At their first meeting, he already had a concept of the program in mind, including the placement of the technical elements with the required space and breathing.[159]

refer to caption
Illustration of the single combat between Takeda Shingen (left) and Uesugi Kenshin (right) in the fourth battle of Kawanakajima in 1561

In Heaven and Earth, Hanyu portrayed Uesugi Kenshin, a daimyō from the Sengoku period of Japan in the 16th century, who was said to be the most powerful warlord of his time and known for his belief in the Buddhist war god Bishamonten. However, he was aware of the hardships and sacrifices attached to it and eventually chose to become a monk.[6]: 11  Hanyu's motivation behind the program choice was his strong resonance with Kenshin's values and approach towards battle, stating: "The way Kenshin fought and his philosophy touched me deeply. My situation is similar and I could identify with him."[143][160]

The first part of the program depicts the fourth battle of Kawanakajima, which took place in 1561 between the two feudal lords Uesugi Kenshin and his rival Takeda Shingen. Both aimed to take control over a plain in the Shinano Province, located in the present-day city of Nagano, where Hanyu debuted the program in competition.[143] The second part of the program shows Kenshin's reflection on the battle and his life until that point, including his inner conflict of no longer wanting to fight, but being forced to continue in order to protect his loved ones. The program concludes with Kenshin entering priesthood and reaching a state of enlightenment, which is illustrated by the final spins and the ending pose.[161] For Bourne that pose is a "true expression of 'Heaven and Earth'. The feet are firmly attached to the earth (represented by the rink), and the hands are stretched out to the sky. It is an image of ascending towards the light of heaven."[159]

The original Japanese title of the program, 天と地と (Ten to chi to), literally translates as 'heaven and earth and', which indicates the existence of a third element. In Taoism, heaven (天) and earth (地) are thought to maintain the two poles of the Three Realms of reality, with the middle realm occupied by humanity (人). Hanyu associated it with a person that might be himself.[161] "For me, it is 'Ten to chi no hito' (a man between heaven and earth). My arm is the transition between where I am, and the sky above and the earth below."[143]

For the music editing, Hanyu again consulted Keiichi Yano, who created a total of 18 versions in a span of two and a half weeks.[93]: 21 [162] For Hanyu, it was important to fully utilize the sound of the biwa, a Japanese lute, to structure the program and underline both, the determination to fight and the reflection of the battle.[161] He also asked Yano to add the sound of the koto to make the program "even more 'Japonesque' ".[143]: 21 [162]

Hanyu's costume was designed by Satomi Ito, who took the family crest of the Uesugi clan as inspiration for the costume details, including the golden sparrows on the back of the top. Hanyu asked Ito to base the design on the image of a hakama in a color scheme of greenish-blue. However, the hakama was difficult to realize as a light figure skating costume, so Ito used the obi, a belt usually worn with kimono or keikogi, to reproduce the visual appearance of a hakama.[163]: 21 

Pre-Olympic events[]

Statistics before the 2022 Olympics
Personal bests[144][164]
Short program111.82 (WR)
Free skate212.99
Combined total322.59
Technical content[165][166]
Types of quad jumps4T, 4S, 4Lo, 4Lz
Quad jumps in SP2 (1 in 2nd half)
Quad jumps in FS5 (3 in 2nd half)
Only successfully executed jumps and layouts listed (not planned content)

Hanyu confirmed his plans to compete in the 2021–22 Olympic season and was scheduled for the 2021 NHK Trophy and 2021 Rostelecom Cup as part of the 2021–22 Grand Prix series.[167] However, on November 4, 2021, the Japan Skating Federation announced that Hanyu had withdrawn from the NHK Trophy after injuring his right ankle ligament during a fall in practice.[168][169] On November 17, the JSF also confirmed his withdrawal from the Rostelecom Cup.[170] Hanyu himself stated that certain movements still hurt, but the impact of pain on daily life had gradually subsided.[171] He later revealed that the injury occurred during one of his free skate run-throughs; when setting up for a quad Salchow consecutively after a quad Axel attempt, the edge of his blade did not glide through properly but got stuck in the ice, which resulted in the fall. Hanyu explained that he had some maintenance issues and just sharpened his blades prior to the accident.[153][172] It was also revealed that shortly after the injury Hanyu had been forced off practice for one month, suffering from a fever due to esophagitis.[173]

Two months after the injury, Hanyu returned to competition at the 2021–22 Japan Championships. In an interview he talked about his plans to incorporate the quadruple Axel as the opening jump in his free skate, stating: "I might get complacent if I nail it here but I’m still planning to do it."[172] In his first practice session he went for multiple quad Axels, among them attempts with a two-footed landing and slightly short on rotation. According to Hanyu, the focus was on maintaining a solid axis during the jump, and he "didn't put too much torque on the spin".[153][172] The next day, he debuted his short program Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso with a clean performance, receiving maximum grades of execution for the step sequence and the final combination spin, such as a perfect 10.00 for the interpretation component. He took the lead after the short program with a new event record of 111.31 points, only half a point shy of his own world record set at the 2020 Four Continents Championships.[144][174] In the free skate, for the first time, Hanyu attempted the quadruple Axel in competition, but it had a two-footed landing and got marked as downgraded by the technical panel, lacking more than a half rotation at the landing. However, he managed to execute the rest of the program flawlessly, earning 211.05 points for his performance. With a new event record of 322.36 points in the combined total, Hanyu won his sixth gold medal at the Japan Figure Skating Championships, having tied Takeshi Honda's record of most national titles in the last 50 years. He finished ahead of Shoma Uno (silver) and Yuma Kagiyama (bronze), who both qualified alongside Hanyu for the 2022 Winter Olympics and the 2022 World Championships.[175][176][177] In an interview after the competition, for the first time, Hanyu shared his thoughts about winning a third straight gold medal at the Olympic Games:[178]

The Olympics to me was a dream through to PyeongChang. I won gold there and in Sochi; that's the dream I had as a child and was my lifelong goal. Honestly, I wasn't thinking about a three-peat. But I recognize the position I'm in, the challenge I'm taking on, and seeing all these athletes working so hard towards the Olympics... I'm the only figure skater who has the opportunity to win a third straight gold medal. This might not be the dream I've always had, but I want to show a renewed strength – one different from last time and the time before that.

— Yuzuru Hanyu (December 26, 2021)

2022 Winter Olympics[]

At the 2022 Winter Olympics, Hanyu competed in the men's singles event as his first international competition of the season.[179] In the short program, he missed his opening quadruple Salchow jump due to his skate getting caught in a hole in the ice and placed eighth with 95.15 points, qualifying him for the free skate. The score was his lowest in the segment since the 2019 World Championships.[180] In the free skate, Hanyu fell twice in his first two opening jumps, a quadruple Axel and a quad Salchow.[181] His quad Axel attempt received the jump's base value before being reduced for underrotation, making it the closest attempt to date.[182][183][184] Other than these two mistakes, he delivered a clean skate, placing third in the free skate and fourth place overall with a total score of 283.21 points, behind fellow Japanese compatriot and bronze medalist Shoma Uno.[181]

After the competition, it came to light that Hanyu had re-injured his right ankle in practice the day before the free skate and competed on painkillers.[185] On February 14, 2022, Hanyu was seen practicing on the ice for the first time since the free skate. In a press conference held later in the day, he shared more details about his injury stating that the sprain was worse than he initially thought and that if it had been a normal competition instead of the Olympics, he might have withdrawn, and his doctor had suggested him to rest his ankle for ten days. He also didn't rule out the possibility to return to Olympic Games stating: "If you ask me whether these were my last Games, I don't know. The Olympics is a special place, one of a kind. It's a competition, a challenge, that you want to take on even if you're hurt. There's no other place like that for a figure skater. There is a part of me that does want to skate here again."[186][187]

Post-Olympic events[]

On March 1, 2022, the Japan Skating Federation announced Hanyu's withdrawal from the 2022 World Championships due to the injury he suffered at the Beijing Olympics has not fully healed.[187]

Detailed results[]

For full list of Hanyu's detailed results, see List of career achievements by Yuzuru Hanyu § Detailed results.
  • ^team – Team event
  • P – Placement
  • World records highlighted in bold and italic[31]
  • ISU Personal best highlighted in bold
  • Small medals for short program and free skating are awarded only at ISU Championships.
  • Medals at team events are awarded for the team result only.
refer to caption
Hanyu (center) with Patrick Chan (left) and Denis Ten (right) at the 2014 Winter Olympics podium
refer to caption
Hanyu (center) with Shoma Uno (left) and Javier Fernández (right) at the 2018 Winter Olympics podium
Results in the 2013–14 season
Date Event SP FS Total Ref.
P Score P Score P Score
October 4–6, 2013 Finland 2013 Finlandia Trophy 1 84.66 1 180.93 1 265.59 Details
October 25–27, 2013 Canada 2013 Skate Canada International 3 80.40 2 154.40 2 234.80 Details
November 15–17, 2013 France 2013 Trophée Éric Bompard 2 95.37 2 168.22 2 263.59 Details
December 5–8, 2013 Japan 2013–14 Grand Prix Final 1 99.84 1 193.41 1 293.25 Details
December 20–23, 2013 Japan 2013–14 Japan Championships 1 103.10 1 194.70 1 297.80 Details
February 6–9, 2014 Russia 2014 Winter Olympics team 1 97.98 – – 5 – Details
February 13–14, 2014 Russia 2014 Winter Olympics 1 101.45 1 178.64 1 280.09 Details
March 24–30, 2014 Japan 2014 World Championships 3 91.24 1 191.35 1 282.59 Details
Results in the 2017–18 season
Date Event SP FS Total Ref.
P Score P Score P Score
September 20–23, 2017 Canada 2017 CS Autumn Classic International 1 112.72 5 155.52 2 268.24 Details
October 20–22, 2017 Russia 2017 Rostelecom Cup 2 94.85 1 195.92 2 290.77 Details
February 16–17, 2018 South Korea 2018 Winter Olympics 1 111.68 2 206.17 1 317.85 Details
Results in the 2021–22 season
Date Event SP FS Total Ref.
P Score P Score P Score
December 22–26, 2021 Japan 2021–22 Japan Championships 1 111.31 1 211.05 1 322.36 Details
February 8–10, 2022 China 2022 Winter Olympics 8 95.15 3 188.06 4 283.21 Details

See also[]

References[]

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