2011 in archosaur paleontology
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The year 2011 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2011 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2011, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2011.
Newly named crurotarsans[]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle/Late Paleocene |
|
A dyrosaurid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
|
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
|
A stem crocodyloid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Turonian/Santonian |
|
A sphagesaurid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Turonian/Santonian |
|
A baurusuchid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian/Maastrichtian |
|
A sphagesaurid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Ladinian |
Santa Maria Formation |
|
Skeletons indicate possible group behavior. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic |
|
||||
Goniopholis kiplingi[9] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Berriasian |
|
A goniopholidid. |
||
Species |
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
|
A goniopholidid. Originally described as a species of Goniopholis; it was subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Hulkepholis.[10] |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
|
A notosuchian. |
|||
Leiokarinosuchus[2] |
Gen. et sp. |
Disputed |
|
Early Cretaceous |
|
A neosuchian. Jouve (2017) considered it to be a junior synonym of Anteophthalmosuchus.[12] |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Paleocene |
|
A sebecid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
late Bajocian/early Bathonian |
|
|
The oldest known metriorhynchid. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian/Maastrichtian |
|
A peirosaurid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Albian |
Pietraroia Plattenkalk |
|
A hylaeochampsid. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian/Maastrichtian |
|
|
A baurusuchid. The type species is Pissarrachampsa sera. |
| |
Theriosuchus grandinaris[18] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Berriasian/Barremian |
|
|
A fifth species of Theriosuchus. |
Newly named non-avian dinosaurs[]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | width="33%" Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian |
|
A brachylophosaurin hadrosaurine. |
|||
Sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian-Maastrichtian |
|
A titanosaur sauropod. Originally described as the third species of Aeolosaurus, but subsequently transferred to the separate genus Arrudatitan.[22] |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
|
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
|
An alvarezsaurid theropod. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Turonian-Santonian |
Baynshire Formation |
|
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Turonian |
|
A somphospondylian sauropod. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Lower Jurassic |
|
Basal Sauropodomorph |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
|
|
A titanosaur. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Aptian/Albian |
|
A camarasauromorph sauropod. |
| ||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Triassic |
|
A primitive theropod. |
|||
Delapparentia[31] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Barremian |
|
An iguanodontoid. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Barremian-early Aptian |
|
|
A rebbachisaurid sauropod. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Cenomanian/Turonian |
|
A possible lognkosaurian titanosaur. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle Carnian |
Ischigualasto Formation |
|
A basal theropod. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
Horseshoe Canyon Formation |
|
A caenagnathid. |
||
Haya[36] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
|
Basal ornithopod with many gastroliths. |
||
Gen. et. sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Norian-earliest Rhaetian |
|
A plateosaurid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Albian |
"Tando beds" |
|
A basal ceratopsian. |
| |
Koreanosaurus[39] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
?Santonian/Campanian |
|
A hypsilophodontid ornithopod. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Pliensbachian/Toarcian |
|
|
An anchisaurian sauropodomorph. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Lower Jurassic |
Quebrada del Barro Formation |
|
A massospondylid sauropodomorph. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian |
Wulansuhai Formation |
|
An alvarezsaurid. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian |
|
A short-armed troodontid. |
| ||
Gen. et sp. |
Vald |
|
Aalenian/Early Bathonian |
|
A heterodontosaurid. |
|||
Gen. et. sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Norian-earliest Rhaetian |
|
A basal sauropodomorph. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
lower-middle Campanian |
|
A lithostrotian titanosaur. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Lower Maastrichtian |
|
A caenagnathid. |
|||
Omeisaurus jiaoi[46] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Middle Jurassic |
Xiashaximiao Formation |
|
A species of Omeisaurus. |
|
Gen. et comb. |
Valid |
|
Valanginian |
|
A new genus for "Camptosaurus" depressus (Gilmore, 1909). |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Cenomanian |
|
Huge spinosaur 12–14 m long. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Carnian |
Santa Maria Formation |
|
A very basal sauropodomorph. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Turonian/Coniacian |
|
A deinonychosaur. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Santonian |
|
A titanosaur. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Aptian |
|
A nodosaurid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
|
An ornithomimid. |
| ||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Aptian |
|
A non-hadrosaurid iguanodontian. |
|||
Sarahsaurus[55] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Sinemurian/Pliensbachian |
|
A basal sauropodomorph |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Aptian |
|
An advanced iguanodontian. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Campanian |
|
A centrosaurine ceratopsian. |
|||
Stegoceras novomexicanum[58] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
|
Second known species of Stegoceras. |
||
Talos[59] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
|
A troodontid theropod. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Aptian |
|
A titanosaur. |
| ||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
|
A tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurid. |
| ||
Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis[62] |
Species |
Valid |
|
Late Maastrichtian |
|
Third known species of Thescelosaurus. |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
|
A giant chasmosaurine ceratopsian from New Mexico. |
| ||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Santonian |
|
A possible lognkosaurian titanosaur. |
|||
Gen. et comb. |
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic |
|
A new genus for "Camptosaurus" aphanoecetes (Carpenter & Wilson, 2008). |
| ||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Kimmeridgian/earliest Tithonian |
|
A carcharodontosaurid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
early Late Jurassic |
|
An Archaeopteryx-like paravian. |
| ||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
|
|
A hadrosauriform. |
| |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
|
A tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurid. |
|
Newly named birds[]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Julia A. Clarke |
Early Pliocene |
USA: North Carolina |
An Alcidae related to the razorbill. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Julia A. Clarke |
Early Pliocene |
USA: North Carolina |
An Alcidae related to the razorbill. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Julia A. Clarke |
Early Pliocene |
USA: North Carolina |
An Alcidae related to the razorbill. |
|||
Alectroenas payandeei [70] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Julian Pender Hume |
Holocene-Recent |
Mauritius |
A pigeon, Columbidae from Rodrigues Island. |
||
? [71] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy
|
Early Miocene, Altonian |
St Bathans Fauna |
New Zealand |
The earliest known Aptornithidae Bonaparte, 1856. |
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
Mongolia |
An Ardeidae, earliest member of Ardea |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Andrey V. Panteleyev |
Eocene (Lutetian) |
Crimean Peninsula |
An owl belonging to the family Protostrigidae. The type species of the new genus. |
|||
Australlus gagensis [74] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy
|
Oligocene-Miocene |
Australia: Queensland |
A Rallidae. The type species is Gallinula disneyi Boles, 2005. |
||
Bohaiornis guoi [75] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Xu Xing |
China |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Bohaiornithidae Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Denis Sobolev in Sobolev & Marisova |
Miocene |
Ukraine |
An Accipitridae, a species of Buteo. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Denis Sobolev in Sobolev & Marisova |
Miocene |
Ukraine |
An Accipitridae, a species of Buteo. |
|||
Columba thiriouxi [70] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Julian Pender Hume |
Holocene-Recent |
Mauritius |
A pigeon, Columbidae from Mauritius. |
||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr
|
Middle Eocene |
|
Ukraine |
A Gaviidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Species |
Valid |
Julia A. Clarke Lance Grande |
Eocene |
Green River Formation |
USA: Wyoming |
A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972, a stem Psittaciformes. |
||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gareth J. Dyke |
Early Eocene |
Mongolia |
A Protostrigidae Wetmore, 1933. |
|||
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene |
Bulgaria |
A Falconidae. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Storrs L. Olson |
Middle Miocene |
USA: Virginia |
A Sternidae close to Anous and Procelsterna. |
|||
Gallirallus steadmani [82] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy |
Quaternary |
Subrecent |
French Polynesia |
A Rallidae as big as Gallirallus philippensis from Tubuai, Austral Islands. |
|
Gracilornis jiufotangensis [83] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
China |
An Walker, 1981. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gareth J. Dyke |
Early Oligocene |
Mongolia |
A Fam. nov. Kurochkin & Dyke, 2011, this is the type species of the new genus and the type genus of the new family. |
|||
Hoazinavis lacustris [84] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr
|
Late Oligocene/Early Miocene |
|
Brazil |
An early Opisthocomidae. |
|
Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides [85] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr
Julia A. Clarke |
Early late Paleocene |
Brazil |
A possible member of Cariamae. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Jamna szybiaki [86] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Oligocene |
|
Poland |
An early Passeriformes. |
|
Kaiika maxwelli [87] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Eocene |
|
New Zealand |
A basal Spheniscidae. |
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr |
Early Miocene |
|
France |
A Charadriiformes, De Pietri, Costeur, Güntert et G. Mayr, 2011. |
||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr |
Early Miocene |
|
France |
A Charadriiformes, De Pietri, Costeur, Güntert et G. Mayr, 2011. |
||
Lavocatavis africana [89] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Eocene |
|
Algeria |
A Phorusrhacoidea. |
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
MN 6-8 |
Romania |
A member of the Muscicapidae |
||
Mancalla lucasi [91] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Pliocene or Early Pleistocene |
USA: California |
A Charadriiformes, Alcidae, Mancallinae L. H. Miller, 1946. |
||
Mancalla vegrandis [91] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Pliocene or Early Pleistocene |
USA: California |
A Charadriiformes, Alcidae, Mancallinae L. H. Miller, 1946. |
||
Miomancalla howardae [91] |
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene to Early Pliocene |
USA: California |
A Charadriiformes, Alcidae, Mancallinae L. H. Miller, 1946, this is the type species of the new genus, that also contains "Praemancalla" wetmorei Howard (1966). |
||
Mystiornis cyrili [92] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
Evgeny N. Kurochkin
|
Shestakovo-1 locality |
Russian Federation |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Martin Pickford
|
Middle Eocene |
Probably Early Lutetian |
Namibia |
A Galliformes Incertae Sedis. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Nambashag billerooensis [94] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy |
Late Oligocene/Early Miocene |
|
Australia: South Australia |
A Phalacrocoracidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Nambashag microglaucus [94] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy |
Late Oligocene/Early Miocene |
|
Australia: South Australia |
A Phalacrocoracidae. |
|
Gen. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy
|
Early Miocene |
St. Bathans Fauna,
|
New Zealand |
A Psittaciformes, Nestoridae, smallest species of the genus and the type species of the new genus. |
||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy
|
Early Miocene |
St. Bathans Fauna,
|
New Zealand |
A Psittaciformes, Nestoridae. |
||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Trevor H. Worthy
|
Early Miocene |
S,
|
New Zealand |
A Psittaciformes, Nestoridae. |
||
Nesoenas cicur [70] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Julian P. Hume |
Holocene-Recent |
Mauritius |
A pigeon, Columbidae from Mauritius. |
||
Gen. nov et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
|
Mongolia |
A diving duck, Anatidae. |
||
Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis [97] |
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
|
China |
A Hongshanornithidae O’Connor, Gao et Chiappe, 2010. |
|||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Luis M. Chiappe Gerald Mayr |
Earliest Eocene |
Denmark |
A Messelornithidae Hesse, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Gem. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr |
Early Miocene |
|
France |
A Picidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Gen. nov et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
|
Mongolia |
A diving duck, Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus, a second species of the genus is Protomelanitta shihuibas (Hou, 1985), formally known as Aythya shihuibas Hou, 1985. |
||
Qiliania graffini [100] |
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
Matthew C. Lamanna
Peter Dodson |
Xiagou Formation |
China |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. |
||
Gen. nov et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
Middle Miocene |
|
Mongolia |
A diving duck, Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr |
Early Miocene |
|
France |
A Charadriiformes, family Incertae Sedis. |
||
Gen. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Gerald Mayr |
Early Miocene |
|
France |
A Charadriiformes, family Incertae Sedis this is the typespecies of the genus. |
||
Sp. nov |
jr synonym |
Dyke, , & |
Oligocene |
USA |
A plotopterid. |
|
Newly named pterosaurs[]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Tithonian |
Solnhofen limestone |
|
An azhdarchoid[103] or a ctenochasmatid.[104] The type species, Aurorazhdarcho primordius, was subsequently found to be synonymous with "Pterodactylus" micronyx von Meyer (1856); however, Aurorazhdarcho was retained as a distinct genus, creating a new combination Aurorazhdarcho micronyx.[104] |
||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Albian |
|
An ornithocheiroid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Cenomanian |
Santana Formation |
|
An ornithocheirid. |
||
Species |
Valid |
Middle Jurassic |
|
A darwinopterid. |
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Middle Jurassic |
|
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
|
A possible azhdarchid. |
|||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
|
||||
Gen. et sp. |
Valid |
|
Cenomanian |
Santana Formation |
|
A basal ctenochasmatoid. |
Notes[]
References[]
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- ^ a b c Steven W. Salisbury; Darren Naish (2011). "Crocodilians". In Batten, D. J. (ed.). English Wealden Fossils. The Palaeontological Association (London). pp. 305–369.
- ^ Eduardo Puértolas; José I. Canudo; Penélope Cruzado-Caballero (2011). "A New Crocodylian from the Late Maastrichtian of Spain: Implications for the Initial Radiation of Crocodyloids". PLOS ONE. 6 (6): e20011. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...620011P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020011. PMC 3110596. PMID 21687705.
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- ^ Alexander W. A. Kellner; Diogenes A. Campos; Douglas Riff; Marco Brandalise de Andrade (2011). "A new crocodylomorph (Sphagesauridae, Notosuchia) with horn-like tubercles from Brazil". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163 (s1): S57–S65. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00712.x.
- ^ Marco Aurélio G. França; Jorge Ferigolo; Max C. Langer (2011). "Associated skeletons of a new middle Triassic "Rauisuchia" from Brazil". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (5): 389–395. Bibcode:2011NW.....98..389F. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0782-3. PMID 21445632. S2CID 4811617.
- ^ Clark, James M. (2011). "A new shartegosuchid crocodyliform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of western Colorado". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163 (s1): S152–S172. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00719.x.
- ^ Marco Brandalise de Andrade; Richard Edmonds; Michael J. Benton; Remmert Schouten (2011). "A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163 (s1): S66–S108. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00709.x.
- ^ Buscalioni, A.D.; Alcalá, L.; Espílez, E.; Mampel, L. (2013). "European Goniopholididae from the Early Albian Escucha Formation in Ariño (Teruel, Aragón, España)". Spanish Journal of Palaeontology. 28 (1): 103–122. doi:10.7203/sjp.28.1.17835.
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