2019 Polish parliamentary election

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2019 Polish parliamentary election
← 2015 13 October 2019 Next →
All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered30,253,556
Turnout18,678,457 (61.7%)
Increase 10.8pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Mateusz Morawiecki Prezes Rady Ministrów (cropped square).jpg
Kidawa-Błońska 30 November 2019 03.jpg
Włodzimierz Czarzasty Sejm 2019.jpg
Leader Mateusz Morawiecki Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska Włodzimierz Czarzasty
Party PiS PO SLD
Alliance United Right Civic Coalition The Left
Leader since Prime Minister Candidate for PM 19 July 2019
Last election 235 seats, 37.6% 166 seats, 31.7%[b] 0 seats, 11.2%[a]
Seats won 235 134 49
Seat change Steady 0 Decrease 32 Increase 49
Popular vote 8,051,935 5,060,355 2,319,946
Percentage 43.6% 27.4% 12.6%
Swing Increase 6.0pp Decrease 4.3pp Increase 1.4pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
20170722 Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz Demonstracja Krakow 4323 DxO.jpg
Confederation leadership 2019.jpg
Ryszard Galla Sejm 2016.JPG
Leader Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz Janusz Korwin-Mikke
Robert Winnicki
Grzegorz Braun 		Ryszard Galla
Party PSL KORWiN
RN
KKP 		KWMN
Alliance Polish Coalition Confederation
Leader since 4 July 2019 6 December 2018 25 September 2005
Last election 58 seats, 13.9%[d] 0 seats, 4.84%[e] 1 seat, 0.2%[c]
Seats won 30 11 1
Seat change Decrease 28 Increase 11 Steady 0
Popular vote 1,578,523 1,256,953 32,094
Percentage 8.6% 6.8% 0.2%
Swing Decrease 5.4pp Increase 2.0pp Steady 0.0pp
2019 Polish parliamentary election - Results.svg
Seats won by Sejm district
Prime Minister before election

Mateusz Morawiecki
PiS

Elected Prime Minister

Mateusz Morawiecki
PiS

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 13 October 2019. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The ruling Law and Justice (PiS) retained its majority in the Sejm, but lost its majority in the Senate to the opposition. With 43.6% of the popular vote, Law and Justice received the highest vote share by any party since Poland returned to democracy in 1989. The turnout was the highest for a parliamentary election since the first free elections after the fall of communism in 1989.[1] For the first time after 1989, the ruling party controls one house, and the opposition the other.

Background[]

Following the 2015 parliamentary elections the Law and Justice (PiS) party was able to form a majority government, after receiving 235 seats to the 138 won by their main competitor, Civic Platform, the first time in the post-communist era that a party had won an outright majority in parliamentary elections.[2][3] Beata Szydło became Prime Minister on 16 November 2015 heading a cabinet that also included Solidary Poland and Poland Together, which ran on joint lists with Law & Justice.

On 23 December 2015 the Sejm passed a law, which reorganized the Constitutional Court, introducing a requirement for a two-thirds majority and the mandatory participation of at least 13, instead of 9 of the 15 judges. In addition, in early 2016 the PiS government passed a law which began the process of giving the government full control of state radio and television.[4] In protest, the Committee for the Defence of Democracy, with help from the Modern party and Civic Platform, started demonstrations across the country.[5]

In December 2016 a parliamentary crisis took place, after the Marshal of the Sejm Marek Kuchciński excluded a Civic Platform's MP Michał Szczerba from the Sejm's proceedings.[6] In protest, members of the opposition occupied the Sejm's rostrum. The Marshal, unable to proceed in the main session chamber, moved the session to the smaller Column Hall.[7] Some politicians and commentators supporting Law and Justice accused opposition of attempting a "coup d'état".[8] It ended fruitlessly for the opposition, though the Modern party was disgraced, as its leader, Ryszard Petru, was photographed flying to Madeira, with fellow MP Joanna Schmidt, during the tense situation.[9] Modern's opinion poll ratings fell as a result.

In December 2017 Mateusz Morawiecki succeeded Beata Szydło as Prime Minister.[10]

December 6, 2018 the Pro-Polish Coalition was formed[11][12] - an alliance of KORWiN and the National Movement, with more parties joining later in order to contest the 2019 Elections to the European Parliament. The alliance later changed its name to just "Confederation".

In February 2019 the Wiosna party was founded as a left wing anticlerical party.[13] For the 2019 European Parliament elections, the opposition formed a wide coalition, the European Coalition, with the exception of Wiosna. However, PiS won the European elections. Following the loss, the European Coalition dissolved and the Confederation lost many member parties and leaders.[14] In June 2019 Modern and the Civic Platform formed a joint parliamentary club.[15] August 6, the Left was formed, a de facto coalition of Razem, SLD and Wiosna, de jure carrying the SLD name.[16] On August 8, 2019 PSL allied with Kukiz'15 in an alliance named "Polish Coalition".[17]

Electoral system[]

The 460 members of the Sejm are elected by open party-list proportional representation in 41 multi-member districts. Each district has between 7 and 19 seats.

Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method, with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (thresholds are waived for national minorities).

The Senate is elected using first-past-the-post voting in single-member districts.[18] Candidates for Deputies are nominated either by the electoral committees of the various political parties and or by individual voter committees.[19]

Overall, the Sejm includes 460 MPs. Should a party have 231 or more deputies in Parliament, it has an absolute majority and could govern by itself, without a coalition partner.

The constitution can be amended with a supermajority of two-thirds, or 307 deputies.

Election date[]

The date of the election, 13 October, was set by the President of Poland, Andrzej Duda.

The Constitution of Poland requires that the next election should take place on a non-working day, Sunday or national holiday, within the 30-day period before the expiry of the 4-year period beginning from the commencement of the current Sejm's and Senate's term of office.[20] Elections can be held earlier under certain conditions, for instance, if the Sejm is dissolved or if no government is formed in time limit set by the constitution.[21]

Since the former Sejm and Senate first sitting took place on 12 November 2015,[22] possible dates were Sundays 13 October, 20 October, 27 October, 3 November and 10 November 2019. The other possible but unlikely dates were public holidays 1 November (All Saints' Day) and 11 November (Independence Day) 2019.

Lists[]

Electoral committees registered in all constituencies[]

List Ideology European Union position Leader Standing pre-campaign # of candidates
Sejm Senate Sejm Senate
1 Polish Coalition[f]
• Polish People's Party
• Kukiz'15
• Union of European Democrats
• Alliance of Democrats
• Silesians Together
• Poland Needs Us
• One-PL 		Christian democracy, decentralization Pro-Europeanism Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
38 / 460
1 / 100
 919 16
2 Law and Justice[g]
• Agreement
• United Poland
• Republican Party
• "Piast" Party
• Free and Solidary 		National conservatism, Christian democracy Soft Euroscepticism Jarosław Kaczyński
Mateusz Morawiecki[h]
240 / 460
61 / 100
 919 99
3 The Left[i]
• Democratic Left Alliance
• Spring
• Together
• Your Movement
• Polish Socialist Party
 		Social democracy, progressivism Pro-Europeanism Włodzimierz Czarzasty
0 / 460
0 / 100
 911 7
4 Confederation[j]
• KORWiN
• National Movement
• Confederation of the Polish Crown
• Union of Christian Families
• Party of Drivers
• National League 		Right-libertarianism, Polish nationalism Hard Euroscepticism Janusz Korwin-Mikke
Robert Winnicki
Grzegorz Braun
4 / 460
0 / 100
 881 7
5 Civic Coalition[k]
• Civic Platform
• Modern
• The Greens
• Polish Initiative
• Silesian Autonomy Movement
• Social Democracy of Poland 		Liberalism, big tent Pro-Europeanism Grzegorz Schetyna
Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska[h][23]
155 / 460
26 / 100
 920 73

Electoral committees registered in less than half of the constituencies[]

List Ideology European Union position Leader Standing pre-campaign Number of constituencies # of candidates
Sejm Senate Sejm Senate
6 Right Wing of the Republic Social conservatism, political Catholicism Soft Euroscepticism Bogusław Kiernicki
1 / 460
0 / 100
 1 18 0
7 Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners Pensioners' rights, solidarism Soft Euroscepticism Wojciech Kornowski
0 / 460
0 / 100
 3 53 0
8 Coalition of Nonpartisan and Local Government Activists Decentralization, pro-single-member districts Pro-Europeanism Robert Raczyński
0 / 460
0 / 100
 19 405 14
9 Skuteczni Classical liberalism, direct democracy Soft Euroscepticism Piotr Liroy-Marzec
1 / 460
0 / 100
 5 75 0
10 German Minority German minority interests, regionalism Pro-Europeanism Ryszard Galla
1 / 460
0 / 100
 1 24 2

Electoral committees with candidates only for the Senate[]

Name Ideology European Union position Leader Candidates
Sejm Senate
Restore the Law Pro-single-member districts, populism Soft Euroscepticism Janusz Sanocki Skuteczni list 7
Polish Left Social democracy, third way Pro-Europeanism Jacek Zdrojewski 3
List of Mirosław Piotrowski to the Senate National Catholicism, Christian right Soft Euroscepticism Mirosław Piotrowski 3
Self-Defence Agrarian socialism, left-wing nationalism Hard Euroscepticism Lech Kuropatwiński 2
Unity of the Nation National conservatism, national Catholicism Soft Euroscepticism Gabriel Janowski 2
Silesians Together Localism, Silesian autonomism Pro-Europeanism Leon Swaczyna Polish Coalition list 2
List of Kukiz'15 to the Senate Pro-single-member districts, direct democracy Pro-Europeanism Paweł Kukiz Polish Coalition list 2
Other electoral committees with only one candidate Various 39

Campaign slogans[]

List Slogan in Polish Unofficial English translation
Polish Coalition Łączymy Polaków We connect Poles
Law and Justice Dobry czas dla Polski A good time for Poland
The Left Łączy nas przyszłość
Wybierz przyszłość 		The future unites us
Choose the future
Confederation Polska dla Ciebie Poland for you
Civic Coalition Jutro może być lepsze;
Współpraca, a nie kłótnie 		Tomorrow can be better;
Cooperation, not quarrels
Coalition of Nonpartisans and Local Government Activists Ty też jesteś bezpartyjny! You are also nonpartisan!
Effective Odpowiedzialna Polska Responsible Poland
German Minority Opolskie! Ma znaczenie Opole! It matters

Opinion polls[]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Polish parliamentary election

Polish Opinion Polling for the 2019 Election.png

Results[]

See also: 9th term Sejm and 10th term Senate of Poland

Sejm[]

Results of the Sejm election by powiats.
Poland Sejm 2019.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Law and Justice8,051,93543.59235–5
Civic Coalition5,060,35527.40134–32
The Left2,319,94612.5649+49
Polish Coalition1,578,5238.5530–28
Confederation1,256,9536.8111+7
Nonpartisan Local Government Activists144,7730.780New
German Minority32,0940.1710
Skuteczni18,9180.100New
Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners5,4480.030New
Right Wing of the Republic1,7650.010–1
Total18,470,710100.004600
Valid votes18,470,71098.89
Invalid/blank votes207,7471.11
Total votes18,678,457100.00
Registered voters/turnout30,253,55661.74
Source: National Electoral Commission

Party breakdown[]

Parties and coalitions Votes % Seats
Law and Justice 6,516,252 35.29 187
Independents 898,063 4.86 21
Solidary Poland 331,467 1.79 10
Agreement 291,506 1.58 16
Republican Party 9,972 0.05 1
Piast Faction 1,375 0.01 0
United Right 8,051,935 43.59 235
Civic Platform 3,589,053 19.43 102
Independents 936,658 5.07 19
.Modern 315,209 1.71 8
Polish Initiative 113,278 0.61 2
The Greens 96,720 0.52 3
Polish People's Party* 3,887 0.02 0
Silesian Regional Party 2,452 0.01 0
Democratic Left Alliance* 1,156 0.01 0
Social Democracy of Poland 896 0.00 0
Your Movement 443 0.00 0
Freedom and Equality 372 0.00 0
Labour Union 231 0.00 0
Civic Coalition 5,060,355 27.40 134
Democratic Left Alliance 873,450 4.73 23
Left Together 509,318 2.76 6
Spring 483,113 2.62 15
Independents 443,331 2.40 5
Your Movement 4,910 0.03 0
Polish Socialist Party 2,798 0.02 0
Social Justice Movement 995 0.01 0
Polish Communist Party 819 0.00 0
.Modern* 688 0.00 0
Polish Internet Party 524 0.00 0
The Left 2,319,946 12.56 49
Polish People's Party 972,339 5.26 19
Independents[l] 550,551 2.98 10
Union of European Democrats 29,832 0.16 1
Silesians Together 17,836 0.10 0
Poland Needs Us 4,053 0.02 0
Alliance of Democrats 2,497 0.01 0
One-PL 977 0.01 0
Civic Platform* 294 0.00 0
League of Polish Families 144 0.00 0
Polish Coalition 1,578,523 8.55 30
Independents 394,090 2.13 0
National Movement 342,033 1.85 5
KORWiN 286,873 1.55 3
Confederation[m] 214,731 1.16 3
Union of Christian Families 15,191 0.08 0
League of Polish Families 1,731 0.01 0
Free and Solidary 1,017 0.01 0
National League 658 0.00 0
Congress of the New Right 629 0.00 0
Confederation 1,256,953 6.81 11
Independents 143,861 0.78 0
Law and Justice* 504 0.00 0
Agreement* 255 0.00 0
Polish People's Party* 102 0.00 0
Nonpartisan Local Government Activists 144,773 0.78 0
Regional. Minority with Majority 17,423 0.09 1
Independents 14,671 0.08 0
German Minority 32,094 0.17 1
Effective 8,582 0.05 0
Independents 7,645 0.04 0
Free and Solidary 1,251 0.01 0
Polish People's Party* 1,150 0.01 0
KORWiN* 249 0.00 0
Unity of the Nation 41 0.00 0
Effective 18,918 0.10 0
Independents 3,972 0.02 0
Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners 519 0.00 0
Organization of the Polish Nation – Polish League 398 0.00 0
PIAST – Unity of European Nations' Thought 236 0.00 0
Self-Defence 217 0.00 0
Labour Faction 54 0.00 0
Free and Solidary 52 0.00 0
Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners 5,448 0.03 0
Congress of the New Right 775 0.00 0
Independents 621 0.00 0
Right Wing of the Republic 369 0.00 0
Right Wing of the Republic 1,765 0.01 0
Total 18,470,710 100 460
Source: National Electoral Commission

* – individual members running on lists different from their own parties

By constituency[]

Constituency Turnout PiS KO SLD PSL KWiN MN Others Lead
1 – Legnica 57.80 42.40 25.02 16.43 7.17 5.85 - 0.00 17.38
2 – Wałbrzych 55.83 40.54 32.09 12.35 7.25 5.42 - 2.34 8.45
3 – Wrocław 65.89 34.67 32.80 15.41 7.45 6.46 - 3.21 1.87
4 – Bydgoszcz 59.90 36.43 31.05 15.17 9.02 7.05 - 1.29 5.38
5 – Toruń 56.37 40.38 26.42 14.83 10.88 6.33 - 1.16 13.96
6 – Lublin 60.88 55.39 19.30 7.81 9.10 7.07 - 1.32 36.09
7 – Chełm 54.40 59.50 14.80 6.83 11.86 5.84 - 1.16 44.70
8 – Zielona Góra 57.20 34.30 31.27 15.61 11.63 7.19 - 0.00 3.03
9 – Łódź 68.32 32.90 35.82 20.10 4.53 6.65 - 0.00 2.92
10 – Piotrków Trybunalski 61.81 56.21 15.64 10.95 10.44 6.76 - 0.00 40.57
11 – Sieradz 60.92 49.81 20.48 11.98 10.29 5.88 - 1.56 29.33
12 – Kraków I 62.86 53.48 23.04 8.51 7.90 7.06 - 0.00 30.44
13 – Kraków II 68.57 39.56 30.48 13.01 7.27 7.99 - 1.69 9.08
14 – Nowy Sącz 60.28 65.80 13.83 6.07 7.35 6.95 - 0.00 51.97
15 – Tarnów 60.47 59.59 14.00 5.94 13.35 7.11 - 0.00 45.59
16 – Płock 57.68 52.45 16.85 8.76 15.17 5.24 - 1.53 35.60
17 – Radom 60.84 57.82 17.15 7.43 10.20 5.89 - 1.51 40.67
18 – Siedlce 60.98 59.76 13.94 6.45 11.94 6.49 - 1.42 45.82
19 – Warsaw I 79.75 27.49 42.05 18.19 4.75 7.51 - 0.00 14.56
20 – Warsaw II 70.56 40.89 28.61 13.09 8.60 6.63 - 2.19 12.28
21 – Opole 52.91 37.64 26.71 11.74 10.31 5.70 7.90 0.00 10.93
22 – Krosno 56.37 63.36 15.94 6.04 7.85 6.81 - 0.00 47.42
23 – Rzeszów 60.13 62.38 14.39 6.59 7.79 8.25 - 0.60 47.99
24 – Białystok 56.97 52.04 21.04 9.09 9.33 6.96 - 1.55 31.00
25 – Gdańsk 64.21 32.10 41.31 13.47 5.90 7.21 - 0.00 9.21
26 – Słupsk 62.79 36.43 35.85 12.47 7.94 7.30 - 0.00 0.58
27 – Bielsko-Biała I 64.91 46.76 27.20 11.48 7.13 7.42 - 0.00 19.56
28 – Częstochowa 61.22 44.28 22.63 15.59 8.68 6.07 - 2.75 21.65
29 – Katowice I 59.18 37.75 32.61 13.38 5.99 7.67 - 2.61 5.14
30 – Bielsko-Biała II 60.41 48.28 27.71 9.68 5.64 7.17 - 1.54 20.57
31 – Katowice II 64.00 39.19 37.20 11.92 4.37 7.33 - 0.00 1.99
32 – Katowice III 62.99 37.13 29.66 21.90 4.85 6.45 - 0.00 7.47
33 – Kielce 57.70 55.18 16.65 9.95 9.88 5.95 - 2.40 38.53
34 – Elbląg 52.71 40.86 28.43 11.64 10.89 5.66 - 2.52 12.43
35 – Olsztyn 54.32 38.82 26.46 13.84 13.19 6.97 - 0.71 12.36
36 – Kalisz 59.67 42.48 24.72 13.43 12.80 6.57 - 0.00 17.76
37 – Konin 59.08 47.29 20.48 15.04 9.81 6.74 - 0.64 26.81
38 – Piła 59.11 35.64 30.60 13.28 13.86 6.62 - 0.00 5.04
39 – Poznań 73.13 25.33 45.38 16.49 6.20 6.61 - 0.00 20.05
40 – Koszalin 55.46 36.83 32.31 15.44 9.43 5.98 - 0.00 4.52
41 – Szczecin 59.36 35.11 35.71 15.25 7.40 6.53 - 0.00 0.60
Poland 61.74 43.59 27.40 12.56 8.55 6.81 0.17 0.92 16.19

Senate[]

Results of the Senate election by single-mandate districts.
  Law and Justice (PiS)
  Civic Coalition (KO)
  Polish People's Party (PSL)
  The Left (Lewica)
  Independent
Cartogram showing the popular vote in each electoral district.
Poland Senate 2019.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Law and Justice8,110,19344.5648–13
Civic Coalition 6,490,30635.6643+9
Polish Coalition1,041,9095.723+2
The Left415,7452.282+2
Nonpartisan Local Government Activists331,3851.820New
Confederation144,1240.7900
Polish Left94,9880.520New
Restore the Law92,0060.510New
Silesians Together50,0710.280New
German Minority Electoral Committee49,1380.2700
Kukiz'15 to the Senate46,2100.2500
Mirosław Piotrowski to the Senate33,9670.190New
Right Wing of the Republic21,9430.120New
Unity of the Nation18,3270.100New
National Revival of Poland13,8590.0800
Normal Country13,6870.080New
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland13,5100.0700
Labour Party11,5320.0600
Slavic Union8,4690.0500
Independents1,199,9796.5940
Total18,201,348100.001000
Valid votes18,201,34897.45
Invalid/blank votes476,5822.55
Total votes18,677,930100.00
Registered voters/turnout30,253,55661.74
Source: National Electoral Commission
Polish Election Results (historical)

Electorate demographics[]

Sociology of the electorate
Demographic Law and Justice Civic Coalition The Left Polish Coalition Confederation Others
Total vote 43.6% 27.4% 12.6% 8.6% 6.8% 1.1%
Sex
Men 44.2% 24.7% 11.6% 9.5% 8.9% 1.1%
Women 43.1% 29.9% 13.1% 8.7% 4.1% 1.1%
Age
18–29 years old 26.3% 24.3% 18.4% 9.7% 19.7% 1.6%
30–39 years old 36.9% 29.9% 12.9% 10.5% 8.2% 1.6%
40–49 years old 41.0% 31.8% 12.1% 9.9% 4.1% 1.1%
50–59 years old 51.2% 26.3% 9.5% 9.4% 2.8% 0.8%
60 or older 55.8% 25.2% 10.4% 6.9% 1.1% 0.6%
Occupation
Company owner 29.8% 38.8% 12.4% 9.4% 8.6% 1.0%
Manager/expert 26.8% 39.6% 15.9% 8.6% 8.0% 1.1%
Admin/services 38.8% 30.0% 13.7% 9.7% 6.4% 1.4%
Farmer 67.7% 7.9% 3.7% 16.5% 3.4% 0.8%
Student 22.4% 25.1% 24.3% 9.1% 17.5% 1.6%
Unemployed 56.1% 16.8% 7.8% 11.0% 6.8% 1.5%
Retired 56.9% 24.4% 10.7% 6.4% 1.1% 0.5%
Others 42.1% 26.1% 12.5% 9.8% 8.0% 1.5%
Agglomeration
Rural 56.4% 16.9% 7.8% 11.6% 6.0% 1.3%
<50,000 pop. 41.7% 28.2% 12.7% 9.9% 6.4% 1.1%
51,000 - 200,000 pop. 38.5% 32.2% 14.2% 7.1% 6.9% 1.1%
201,000 - 500,000 pop. 32.6% 39.1% 14.9% 5.3% 7.5% 0.6%
>500,000 pop. 27.1% 40.7% 19.9% 5.6% 6.1% 0.6%
Education
Elementary 63.3% 12.0% 8.1% 9.3% 6.5% 0.8%
Vocational 64.0% 15.8% 5.9% 9.6% 3.7% 1.0%
Secondary 45.6% 25.5% 12.2% 8.9% 6.8% 1.0%
Higher 30.1% 36.6% 15.9% 9.0% 7.1% 1.3%
Second-round president vote in 2015
Andrzej Duda 79.9% 4.8% 3.0% 6.1% 5.5% 0.7%
Bronisław Komorowski 2.7% 60.9% 22.0% 10.9% 2.7% 0.8%
Didn't vote 20.1% 27.0% 22.2% 11.8% 16.8% 2.1%
Don't remember 28.3% 26.9% 15.1% 14.8% 12.0% 2.9%
Sejm vote in 2015
Law and Justice 90.4% 2.2% 1.2% 3.6% 2.3% 0.3%
Civic Platform 3.7% 68.8% 16.1% 8.5% 2.2% 0.7%
Kukiz'15 22.2% 16.1% 12.2% 21.9% 23.9% 3.7%
Modern 4.4% 53.7% 27.5% 8.7% 4.3% 1.4%
United Left 2.5% 18.0% 71.4% 6.0% 1.5% 0.6%
Polish People's Party 8.9% 9.0% 10.0% 68.4% 2.7% 1.0%
KORWiN 8.3% 10.1% 6.5% 6.8% 65.8% 2.5%
Together 5.7% 22.8% 55.5% 10.3% 4.9% 0.8%
Others 16.6% 26.9% 13.9% 13.1% 12.4% 17.1%
Didn't vote 23.3% 27.2% 22.1% 10.6% 14.9% 1.9%
Don't remember 34.2% 24.0% 14.8% 15.0% 9.3% 2.7%
Source: Ipsos[24]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Aggregate results for the United Left (0 seats, 7.6%) and Together (0 seats, 3.6%)
  2. ^ Aggregate results for Civic Platform (138 seats, 24.1%) and Modern (28 seats, 7.6%)
  3. ^ As a minority electoral committee, the KWMN is exempt from the electoral threshold
  4. ^ Aggregate results for the PSL (16 seats, 5.1%) and Kukiz'15 (42 seats, 8.8%)
  5. ^ Aggregated reults for KORWiN (0 seats, 4.8%) and God Bless You! (0 seats, 0.1%)
  6. ^ While a formal political alliance, participants stand for election on the Polish People's Party political party electoral committee lists. Other participants of the political alliance include Kukiz'15, Union of European Democrats, Alliance of Democrats and other associations
  7. ^ Informally as the United Right with participants standing for election on the Law and Justice political party electoral committee lists. Other participants of the political alliance include Agreement, United Poland, Republican Party, "Piast" Party, and Free and Solidary
  8. ^ a b Candidate for Prime Minister of Poland
  9. ^ While a formal political alliance, participants stand for election on the Democratic Left Alliance political party electoral committee lists. Other participants of the political alliance include Spring, Together and Polish Socialist Party.
  10. ^ Officially registered as a political party, but is, in fact, a political alliance between KORWiN, National Movement, Confederation of Polish Crown, Union of Christian Families.
  11. ^ An official coalition electoral committee composed of Civic Platform, Modern, Polish Initiative, and the Greens with candidates from other parties (e.g. Silesian Autonomy Movement), independents, local government activists, and political associations. The threshold of 8% of the votes, therefore, applies.
  12. ^ Kukiz'15 was not a registered party at the time of the election and therefore its members ran without party affiliation
  13. ^ Confederation was registered as a party to circumvent the 8% electoral threshold for electoral coalitions. Two of its elected members are part of KORWiN and one of Confederation of the Polish Crown

Further reading[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Poland celebrates record voter turnout since 1989 elections". TVN24. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  2. ^ "Poland Ousts Government as Law & Justice Gains Historic Majority". Bloomberg. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  3. ^ "Poland elections: Conservatives secure decisive win". 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
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