2019 South Dublin County Council election

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2019 South Dublin County Council election
← 2014 24 May 2019 2024 →
All 40 seats to South Dublin County Council
21 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Party Fianna Fáil Fine Gael Sinn Féin
Seats won
8 / 40
7 / 40
6 / 40
Seat change Increase 3 Steady Decrease 3
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Party Green Labour Solidarity
Seats won
4 / 40
2 / 40
2 / 40
Seat change Increase 3 Decrease 2 Decrease 1
  Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party
 
Party Social Democrats People Before Profit Independent
Seats won
1 / 40
1 / 40
9 / 40
Seat change Increase 1 Decrease 2 Increase 1
South Dublin in Ireland.svg
Map showing the area of South Dublin County Council
Council control before election

Sinn Féin
Labour Party
Green Party

 Council control after election

Fianna Fáil
Fine Gael
Green Party

A South Dublin County Council election was held in South Dublin in Ireland on 24 May 2019 as part of that year's local elections. All 40 councillors were elected for a five-year term of office from 7 local electoral areas (LEAs) by single transferable vote.

The 2018 LEA boundary review committee replaced the LEAs used in the 2014 elections. Its terms of reference required no change in the total number of councillors but set a lower maximum LEA size of seven councillors, exceeded by two of the 2014 LEAs. Other changes were necessitated by population shifts revealed by the 2016 census.[1] The changes were enacted by statutory instrument (S.I.) No. 633/2018.[2]

Results by party[]

Party Seats ± 1st pref FPv% ±%
Fianna Fáil 8 Increase3 14,931 19.02 Increase5.65
Fine Gael 7 Steady 13,735 17.49 Decrease0.54
Sinn Féin 6 Decrease3 9,106 11.60 Decrease12.36
Green 4 Increase3 7,559 9.63 Increase7.46
Labour 2 Decrease2 6,604 8.41 Decrease1.80
Solidarity 2 Decrease1 3,832 4.88 Increase0.28
Social Democrats 1 Increase1 3,880 4.94 New
People Before Profit 1 Decrease2 2,997 3.82 Decrease0.90
Aontú 0 Steady 659 0.84 New
Renua 0 Steady 631 0.80 New
Inds. 4 Change 0 Steady 392 0.50 New
Workers' Party 0 Steady 227 0.29 Decrease0.93
Independent 9 Increase1 13,190 16.80 Decrease4.35
Totals 40 Steady 78,513 100.0

Results by local electoral area[]

Clondalkin[]

Clondalkin — 7 Seats[3][4]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Fine Gael Emer Higgins[c 1]††† 17.36% 1,966              
Independent Francis Timmons[c 1] 11.45% 1,297 1,327 1,368 1,468        
Independent Eoin Ó Broin†††††††††††† 10.22% 1,158 1,192 1,229 1,309 1,330 1,416    
Fianna Fáil Trevor Gilligan[c 1] 8.93% 1,011 1,076 1,086 1,123 1,127 1,149 1,499  
Labour Robert Dowds 8.44% 956 1,003 1,009 1,044 1,049 1,060 1,183 1,211
Green Peter Kavanagh†††††††† 8.17% 925 979 1,011 1,107 1,116 1,155 1,229 1,250
Fine Gael Kenny Egan[c 1] 8.12% 920 1,166 1,174 1,203 1,206 1,231 1,366 1,400
Fianna Fáil Cathal O'Donoghue 7.01% 794 835 842 853 854 866    
Sinn Féin William Joseph Carey 6.78% 768 774 783 867 872 1,396 1,431  
Sinn Féin Lisa Kinsella-Coleman 6.37% 722 738 747 828 833      
People Before Profit Kevin Creagh 5.27% 597 601 628          
Inds. 4 Change David Moore 1.28% 145 151            
Independent Shakeel Jeeroburkan 0.60% 68 69            
Electorate: 29,616   Valid: 11,327   Spoilt: 417   Quota: 1,416   Turnout: 11,744 (39.65%)

Firhouse–Bohernabreena[]

Firhouse–Bohernabreena — 5 Seats[5][6]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Fianna Fáil Deirdre O'Donovan[c 1] 21.00% 2,344              
Green Francis Noel Duffy[c 1]†††† 16.34% 1,823 1,889            
Fine Gael Brian Lawlor[c 2] 15.66% 1,748 1,838 1,842 2,087        
Fianna Fáil Emma Murphy[c 2] 13.89% 1,550 1,757 1,766 1,805 1,864      
Independent Alan Edge 7.20% 804 843 845 866 883 1,005 1,188 1,429
Sinn Féin Sarah Holland[c 1] 6.50% 725 732 734 737 744 875 958  
Social Democrats Rob Hunter 5.71% 637 656 659 671 689 861 1,090 1,386
Labour Aideen Carberry 5.30% 591 617 623 637 738 756    
Solidarity Jess Spear 5.01% 559 567 568 580 584      
Fine Gael Becky Smith 3.40% 379 400 401          
Electorate: 25,877   Valid: 11,160   Spoilt: 356   Quota: 1,861   Turnout: 11,516 (44.5%)

Lucan[]

Lucan — 5 Seats[7][8]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Independent Paul Gogarty[c 1] 15.82% 1,509 1,534 1,571 1,595              
Fine Gael Vicki Casserly[c 1] 13.80% 1,316 1,328 1,340 1,353 1,368 1,422 1,474 1,522 1,523 2,032  
Independent Liona O'Toole[c 1] 11.53% 1,100 1,119 1,147 1,188 1,258 1,298 1,399 1,589 1,591    
Labour Joanna Tuffy 9.23% 880 907 916 926 952 1,015 1,136 1,223 1,224 1,350 1,517
Fianna Fáil Ed O'Brien[c 1] 8.46% 807 814 839 844 867 1,084 1,129 1,163 1,163 1,252 1,352
Fine Gael Caroline Brady 7.54% 719 728 737 747 761 823 850 874      
Social Democrats Anne-Marie McNally 5.90% 563 574 577 594 651 693 796 989 990 1,037 1,121
Fianna Fáil Caitríona McClean 5.72% 546 559 573 577 600            
People Before Profit Kellie Sweeney 5.13% 489 504 508 544 681 708 790        
Green Vanessa Mulhall 4.97% 474 503 526 549 608 645          
Sinn Féin Derren Ó Brádaigh 4.96% 473 476 482 529              
Inds. 4 Change Ruth Nolan[c 1][c 3] 2.59% 247 249 255                
Renua Howard Hughes 2.41% 230 234                  
Independent Anwar Ul Haq Malik 1.94% 185                    
Electorate: 21,723   Valid: 9,538   Spoilt: 192   Quota: 1,590   Turnout: 9,730 (44.79%)

Palmerstown–Fonthill[]

Palmerstown–Fonthill — 5 Seats[9][10]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sinn Féin Mark Ward[c 2]† 17.14% 1,460                    
Independent Alan Hayes 11.50% 980 980 1,002 1,060 1,109 1,131 1,161 1,238 1,295 1,322 1,385
Independent Guss O'Connell[c 1] 10.14% 864 865 887 923 951 981 1,008 1,062 1,131 1,165 1,274
People Before Profit Madeleine Johansson[c 2] 8.65% 737 741 753 764 803 892 959 1,026 1,122 1,245 1,289
Fianna Fáil Shane Moynihan 8.38% 714 715 730 735 739 758 783 802 827 987 1,169
Fine Gael Derek Keating 7.39% 630 630 650 657 664 679 704 744 760 803  
Independent Paul Gogarty 7.00% 596 597 608 631 649 683 720 791 844 902 1,090
Fianna Fáil Jonathan Graham[c 1] 6.60% 562 566 570 577 586 595 597 632 655    
Sinn Féin Danny O'Brien[c 1] 4.54% 387 411 418 423 448 476 502 523      
Labour David Eaton 3.91% 333 334 350 367 397 407 460        
Green David Morrison 3.64% 310 310 323 333 341 360          
Inds. 4 Change Ruth Nolan[c 1][c 3] 3.52% 300 301 312 317 330            
Workers' Party David Gardiner 2.66% 227 228 233                
Independent Stephen Dunne 2.58% 220 220 231                
Independent Sikandar Jahanzab 2.35% 200 201                  
Electorate: 25,112   Valid: 8,520   Spoilt: 395   Quota: 1,421   Turnout: 8,915 (35.5%)

Rathfarnham–Templeogue[]

Rathfarnham–Templeogue — 7 Seats[11][12]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Green William Priestley†††††† 14.10% 2,868                
Independent Ronan McMahon[c 1] 12.19% 2,480 2,511 2,531 2,565          
Labour Pamela Kearns[c 1] 10.91% 2,220 2,269 2,283 2,333 2,355 2,396 2,544    
Fianna Fáil Paul Foley[c 1] 8.53% 1,735 1,746 1,752 1,767 1,782 1,866 1,911 1,995 2,127
Fine Gael Mary Seery Kearney††††† 7.85% 1,597 1,617 1,621 1,628 1,806 1,843 1,868 2,286 2,504
Social Democrats Carly Bailey 7.03% 1,431 1,489 1,539 1,640 1,647 1,688 2,145 2,174 2,428
Fine Gael David McManus 6.60% 1,342 1,367 1,377 1,383 1,518 1,597 1,620 2,023 2,280
Labour Paddy Cosgrave 5.77% 1,174 1,214 1,228 1,249 1,282 1,314 1,356 1,438  
Fianna Fáil Yvonne Collins 5.73% 1,635 1,654 1,664 1,682 1,727 1,835 1,861 1,950 2,171
Fine Gael Conor McMahon[c 2] 4.84% 984 997 998 1,004 1,171 1,212 1,228    
Solidarity Stephen Nugent 3.61% 734 746 905 1,071 1,074 1,150      
Aontú John Phelan 3.24% 659 669 678 714 722        
Fine Gael Lynn McCrave 3.08% 626 639 642 647          
Sinn Féin Robert Russell[c 2] 2.54% 516 524 547            
People Before Profit John Flanagan 1.68% 341 357              
Electorate: 40,863   Valid: 20,342   Spoilt: 506   Quota: 2,543   Turnout: 20,848 (51.02%)

Tallaght Central[]

Tallaght Central — 6 Seats[13][14]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fianna Fáil Charlie O'Connor[c 1] 17.11% 2,018                    
Independent Mick Duff[c 1] 12.57% 1,483 1,530 1,590 1,614 1,727            
Sinn Féin Cathal King[c 1] 10.68% 1,260 1,279 1,292 1,308 1,331 1,335 1,358 1,744      
Green Liam Sinclair††††††† 7.69% 907 934 976 1,017 1,084 1,094 1,168 1,195 1,206 1,269 1,561
Fianna Fáil Teresa Costello 6.87% 810 874 914 926 957 960 1,238 1,270 1,278 1,326 1,563
Fine Gael Teresa Duffy 6.57% 775 797 827 837 894 900 990 1,007 1,009 1,040  
Solidarity Kieran Mahon[c 1] 6.41% 756 764 784 857 881 885 899 941 956 1,461 1,521
Social Democrats Sandra Ruiz 6.19% 730 746 766 845 890 896 925 961 970 1,056 1,198
Solidarity Mick Murphy[c 1] 5.89% 695 713 724 812 846 851 869 923 937    
Sinn Féin Cora McCann[c 2] 4.93% 581 599 607 640 663 665 678        
Fianna Fáil Declan Burke 4.51% 532 589 620 622 647 649          
Labour Denis Mackin 3.82% 450 467 482 490              
Renua Anne Marie Condren 3.40% 401 408                  
People Before Profit Laura O'Reilly 3.36% 396 409 423                
Electorate: 29,367   Valid: 11,794   Spoilt: 449   Quota: 1,685   Turnout: 12,243 (41.69%)

Tallaght South[]

Tallaght South — 5 Seats[15]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Sinn Féin Paddy Holohan†† 14.95% 872 893 906 922 969 971 1,048  
Fine Gael Baby Pereppadan 12.57% 733 756 804 899 914 914 966 984
Sinn Féin Dermot Richardson[c 1] 12.24% 714 733 743 775 794 795 836 854
Solidarity Sandra Fay ††††††††††† 11.03% 643 669 690 722 984      
Sinn Féin Louise Dunne[c 1] 10.77% 628 639 648 677 693 693 783 839
Social Democrats Marie Corr 8.90% 519 529 583 619 641 641 786 786
Solidarity Brian Leech[c 1] 7.63% 445 467 479 490        
People Before Profit Emma Hendrick[c 2] 7.49% 437 457 486 521 597 605    
Fianna Fáil Fiona Nolan 5.88% 343 360 390          
Green Suzanne McEneaney 4.32% 252 268            
Independent Ray Kelly 4.22% 246              
Electorate: 22,494   Valid: 5,832   Spoilt: 220   Quota: 973   Turnout: 6,052 (27%)

Results by gender[]

2019 South Dublin County Council election[16][17]
Candidates by gender
Gender Number of
candidates 		% of
candidates 		Elected
councillors 		% of
councillors
Men 56 60.9% 26 65.0%
Women 36 39.1% 14 35.0%
TOTAL 92   40  

Changes since election[]

  • † Palmerstown-Fonthill Sinn Féin Cllr Mark Ward was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin Mid-West in the by-election on 30 November 2019.[18] On 13 January Lisa Kinsella-Colman was co-opted to South Dublin County Council to fill the vacancy.[19][20]
  • †† Tallaght South Sinn Féin Cllr Paddy Holohan was suspended from the party on 17 January 2020 following comments he made claiming underage girls were having sex with men and then blackmailing them for money.[21] He had previously been criticised for comments made where he made disparaging remarks about Taoiseach Varadkar's Indian heritage and said that in his opinion he was not a "family man." Holohan was later reinstated to the party after his suspension ended. In 2021, Holohan did not renew his membership of the party and became an independent.[22]
  • ††† Clondalkin Fine Gael Cllr Emer Higgins was elected to Dáil Eireann in the 2020 general election as a TD for Dublin Mid-West.[23][24] On 24 February 2020 Shirley O'Hara was co-opted to fill the vacancy.[25]
  • †††† Firhouse-Bohernabreena Green Party Cllr Francis Noel Duffy was elected as a TD for Dublin South-West at the 2020 general election.[26][27] On 24 February 2020 Clare O'Byrne was co-opted to fill the vacancy.[25]
  • ††††† Rathfarnam-Templeogue Fine Gael Cllr Mary Seery Kearney was nominated by the Taoiseach to the Seanad in June 2020.[28][29] On 14 September, Lynn McCrave was co-opted to fill the vacancy.[30]
  • †††††† Rathfarnam-Templeogue Green Party Cllr William Priestley resigned as a Cllr on 10 August having been offered a Civil Servant role in the Garda Síochána.[31] On 14 September, Dr Laura Donaghy was co-opted to fill the vacancy.[30]
  • ††††††† Tallaght Central Green Party Cllr Liam Sinclair resigned from the party and became an Independent on 19 January 2021 saying “I gave it a bit of time but there was a feeling of inevitability and I made the decision to jump now rather than get in a row over something”.[32] Sinclair later joined An Rabharta Glas, but as the party is unregistered, he sits as an independent on the council.
  • †††††††† Clondalkin Green Party Cllr Peter Kavanagh resigned from the party and became an Independent on 25 January 2021 saying “The party's culture had led to the toleration of personalised abuse."[33]
  • ††††††††† Palmerstown-Fonthill Sinn Féin Cllr Lisa Kinsella-Colman resigned as a Cllr on 21st October 2020.[34] On 14 December 2020, Derren Ó Bradaigh was co-opted to fill the vacancy.[34]
  • †††††††††† Firhouse–Bohernabreena Green Party Cllr Clare O'Byrne resigned on 8 March 2021 due to family commitments and lack of maternity leave.[35][36] On 10 May 2021, Suzanne McEneaney was co-opted to fill the vacancy.[36][37]
  • ††††††††††† Tallaght South PBP/Solidarity Cllr Sandra Fay resigned on 27 April 2021 due to personal and work commitments.[38] In June 2021, Leah Whelan was co-opted to fill the vacancy.[39]
  • †††††††††††† Clondalkin independent Cllr Eoin Ó Broin joined the Social Democrats on 24 January 2022.[40]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Outgoing councillor elected in 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Outgoing councillor coopted subsequent to the 2014 election.
  3. ^ a b Ruth Nolan stood in two LEAs: Lucan and Palmerstown–Fonthill.

Sources[]

  • "South Dublin County Council - Local Election candidates". RTÉ News. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  • "Local Elections 2019: Results, Transfer of Votes and Statistics" (PDF). Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government (DHPLG). pp. 187–198. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

References[]

  1. ^ Local Electoral Area Boundary Committee No. 2 (13 June 2018). "Report 2018" (PDF). Government Publications. pp. 34–37, 57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  2. ^ Phelan, John Paul (19 December 2018). "S.I. No. 633/2018 - County of South Dublin Local Electoral Areas Order 2018". electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB). Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  3. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 187.
  4. ^ South Dublin County Council tweets on 25–26 May 2019: Eighth, Seventh, Sixth, Fifth, Fourth (and correction), Third, Second, First Counts.
  5. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 189.
  6. ^ South Dublin County Council tweets on 25–26 May 2019: Eighth, Seventh, Sixth, Fifth, Fourth, Third, Second, First Counts.
  7. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 190.
  8. ^ South Dublin County Council tweets on 25–26 May 2019: Eleventh, Tenth, Ninth, Eighth, Seventh, Sixth, Fifth, Fourth, Third (and correction), Second, First Counts.
  9. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 192.
  10. ^ South Dublin County Council tweets on 25–26 May 2019: Eleventh, Tenth, Ninth, Eighth, Seventh, Sixth, Fifth, Fourth, Fourth, Second, First Counts.
  11. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 195.
  12. ^ South Dublin County Council tweets on 25–26 May 2019: Ninth, Eighth, Seventh, Fifth, Fourth, Third, Second, First Counts.
  13. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 196.
  14. ^ South Dublin County Council tweets on 25–26 May 2019: Eleventh, Tenth, Ninth, Eighth, Seventh, Sixth, Fifth, Fourth, Third, Second, First Counts.
  15. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 198.
  16. ^ O'Brien, Tim (27 May 2019) [25 May 2019]. "South Dublin County Council: Former UFC fighter Holohan elected". The Irish Times. Dublin. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021.
  17. ^ DHPLG 2019, p. 247.
  18. ^ O'Halloran, Marie (30 November 2019). "Byelection Dublin Mid-West: Sinn Féin's Mark Ward elected". The Irish Times. Dublin. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  19. ^ "Minutes of South Dublin County Council January 2020 County Council Meeting held on Monday 13 January 2020" (DOC). South Dublin County Council. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  20. ^ South Dublin County Council [@sdublincoco] (13 January 2020). "At the first Council meeting of the year, Lisa Kinsella-Colman has been co-opted to South Dublin County Council as a result of the election of Mark Ward to Dáil Eireann at the recent byelection" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 16 June 2021 – via Twitter.
  21. ^ Brennan, Cianan (17 January 2020). "Paddy Holohan suspended from Sinn Féin following sexual extortion comments". Irish Examiner. Cork. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021.
  22. ^ Gataveckaite, Gabija (19 March 2021). "Controversial councillor Paddy Holohan issues statement after leaving Sinn Féin". Irish Independent. Dublin. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  23. ^ Holland, Kitty (10 February 2020) [9 February 2020]. "Dublin Mid West results: Jubilant scenes as Gino Kenny takes final seat. Fine Gael's Emer Higgins also elected while Fianna Fáil's John Curran loses out". The Irish Times. Dublin. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  24. ^ "Election 2020: Dublin Mid-West". The Irish Times. Dublin. 10 February 2020. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  25. ^ a b "Minutes of South Dublin County Council February 2020 Special Meeting of County Council Meeting held on Monday 24 February 2020" (DOC). South Dublin County Council. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  26. ^ Holland, Kitty (10 February 2020) [9 February 2020]. "Dublin South West results: Zappone bows out as Duffy and Lahart take final seats. Minister Katherine Zappone 'very proud' of change she achieved in Government". The Irish Times. Dublin. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  27. ^ "Election 2020: Dublin South-West". The Irish Times. Dublin. 10 February 2020. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  28. ^ Kelly, Fiach; O'Halloran, Marie (28 June 2020) [27 June 2020]. "Nine women among Taoiseach's 11 appointees to Seanad". The Irish Times. Dublin. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021.
  29. ^ "Taoiseach Micheál Martin announces his 11 Seanad nominees". TheJournal.ie. 27 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  30. ^ a b "Minutes of South Dublin County Council September 2020 County Council Meeting held on Monday 14 September 2020" (DOC). South Dublin County Council. pp. 3–4. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  31. ^ Ryan, Philip (10 August 2020). "Green Party councillor quits citing poor pay and conditions". Irish Independent. Dublin. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021.
  32. ^ Ryan, Philip; O'Connell, Hugh (19 January 2021). "Another blow to Green party as two prominent councillors quit". independent.ie. Dublin: Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 5 June 2021.
  33. ^ Hosford, Paul. "Green councillor quits party citing culture of tolerating personal abuse". Irish Examiner. Cork. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  34. ^ a b "Minutes of South Dublin County Council December 2020 County Council Meeting held on Monday 14 December 2020" (DOC). South Dublin County Council. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original on 2021-06-19. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  35. ^ Ó Mórdha, Hayden (12 March 2021). "Councillor resigns due to family commitments Tallaght". The Echo. Dublin. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  36. ^ a b "Minutes of South Dublin County Council May 2021 County Council Meeting held Meeting held virtually through Microsoft 365 Teams on Monday 10 May 2021" (DOC). South Dublin County Council. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  37. ^ O'Flaherty, Aideen (20 May 2021). "Green Party co-opt Suzanne to council". The Echo. Dublin. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  38. ^ Walsh, Aimee (30 April 2021). "Sandra Fay steps down as councillor". The Echo. Dublin. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  39. ^ Moore, Hayden (11 May 2021). "Leah (23) will be youngest sitting member of the council". The Echo. Dublin. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  40. ^ "South Dublin Independent councillor Eoin Ó Broin joins Social Democrats". Dublin People. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
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