Allied leaders of World War I

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Map of the World showing the . Those fighting along with the Allies (at one point or another) are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey.
The Council of Four (from left to right): David Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson in Versailles.

The Allied leaders of World War I were the political and military figures that fought for or supported the Allies during World War I.

Russian Empire[]

Two bearded men of identical height wear military dress uniforms emblazoned with medals and stand side-by-side
King George V (right) with his first cousin Tsar Nicholas II, Berlin, 1913. Note the close physical resemblance between the two monarchs.[1]
  • Nicholas II[2] – Last Czar of Russia, titular King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland.
  • Georgy Lvov– Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government (1917)
  • Alexander Kerensky[3] – Minister of War (1917), Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government (1917)
  • Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich[4] – Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy in the Caucasus
  • Ivan GoremykinPrime Minister of Russia (1914–1916)
  • Boris Stürmer – Prime Minister of Russia (1916)
  • Alexander Trepov– Prime Minister of Russia (1916–1917)
  • Nikolai Golitsyn – Prime Minister of Russia (1917)
  • Vladimir SukhomlinovMinister of War (1909–1915)
  • Alexei Polivanov– Minister of War (1915–1916)
  • Dmitry Shuvayev – Minister of War (1916–1917)
  • Mikhail Belyaev – Minister of War (1917), Chief-of-Staff (1914–1916)
  • Alexander Guchkov– Minister of War (1917)
  • Ivan GrigorovichMinister of Navy (1911–1917)
  • Nikolai Yanushkevich – Chief-of-Staff (1914)
  •  [ru] – Chief-of-Staff (1916–1917)
  • Ivan Romanovsky– Chief-of-Staff (1917)
  • Vladimir Marushevsky – Chief-of-Staff (1917)
  • Mikhail Alekseyev– Commander of Southwestern Front (1914), Northwestern Front (1915), Chief of Staff (1915–1917), Commander-in-Chief of the Army (1917)
  • Yakov Zhilinsky – Commander of the Northwestern Front in the early stages of the war (1914)
  • Alexander Samsonov[5] – Commander of the Second Army for the invasion of East Prussia
  • Paul von Rennenkampf[6] – Commander of the First Army for the invasion of East Prussia
  • Nikolay Ivanov[7] – Commander of the Russian army on the Southwestern Front (1914–1916) and responsible for much of the action in Galicia
  • Aleksei Brusilov[8] – Commander of the Southwestern Front (1916–1917), then provisional Commander-in-Chief after the Tsar's abdication
  • Lavr Kornilov – Commander of the Southwestern Front and Commander-in-Chief (August 1917)
  • Vladislav KlembovskyCommander of the Northern Front (1917) followed by becoming Commander-in-Chief in August 1917
  • Nikolai Ruzsky – Commanded the 3rd Army, Northwestern Front (1914–1915) and lastly the Northern Front (1915)
  • Aleksey Kuropatkin – Commander of the Northern Front (1916)
  • Paul von Plehwe– Commander of the 5th Army, 12th Army and briefly the Northern Front (1916)
  • Aleksei Evert– Took part in the Invasion of Galicia as commander of the 10th Army, later commanded the Western Front (1915–1917)
  • Anton Denikin – Led the 8th Army in the Brusilov Offensive and commanded the Western Front in 1917.
  • Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov– Governor General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty and Commander of the Caucasus Army (1914–1915),
  • Nikolai Yudenich– Commander of the Russian forces in the Caucasus Campaign (1917)
  • Andrei Zayonchkovski – Commander of the Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army in the Romanian Campaign
  • Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov – Commanded the 11th Army (1915–1916), the Danube Army (1916) and the became deputy commander-in-chief of Romanian Front (1916–1917)
  • Dmitry Shcherbachev – Commanded the 11th Army and later became deputy commander-in-chief of the Romanian Front in 1917
  • Mikhail Diterikhs– Commander of the Russian Expeditionary Force at the Macedonian front
  • Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich – Chief of the Imperial Russian Air Service
  • Andrei Eberhardt – Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1914–16)
  • Alexander Kolchak– Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1916–17)
  • Nikolai Essen– Commander of Baltic Fleet (1913–1915)

French Third Republic[]

British Empire[]

United Kingdom[]

  • H. H. AsquithPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (1908–1916), Secretary of State for War (1914)
  • David Lloyd George – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922), Secretary of State for War (1916)
  • Herbert Kitchener – Secretary of State for War (1914–1916)
  • Edward Stanley – Secretary of State for War (1916–1918)
  • The Viscount Milner – Secretary of State for War (1918–1919)
  • James Wolfe MurrayChief of the Imperial General Staff (1914–1915), British Troops in Egypt (1916–1917)
  • William Robertson – Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1916–1918)
  • John French – Commander-in-Chief of the BEF (1914–1915) and Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces (1915–1918)
  • Douglas Haig – Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (1915–1918)
  • Henry Wilson – Advisor of John French and Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1918–1922)
  • Archibald Murray – Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force (1914–1915), Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1915) and Commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1916–1917)
  • Edmund Allenby – Commander of the Third Army and later the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1917–1918)
  • Henry Horne – Commander of the First Army (1916–1918)
  • Horace Smith-Dorrien– Led the II Corps of the BEF at the Battle of Mons and Le Cateau, he then commanded the 2nd Army (1914–1915)
  • Herbert Plumer – Commander of the V Corps at the Second Battle of Ypres (1915) followed by command of the 2nd Army (1915–1917). He then led the Italian Expeditionary Force before going back to the 2nd Army (1918)
  • Henry Rawlinson – British General of the Fourth Army, notably at the Battle of the Somme and Battle of Amiens
  • Hubert Gough – Commander of the Fifth Army (1916–1918)
  • George Milne – Commander of the British Salonika Army at the Salonika Front (1916-1918f)
  • The Earl of Cavan – Commander of the Italian 10th Army at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto
  • Ian Hamilton – Commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during the Gallipoli Campaign
  • Reginald Wingate – Commander of the British forces in the Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
  • Charles Macpherson Dobell – Commander of the Allied force in the Kamerun Campaign
  • Hastings Ismay – Commander of the British forces in the Somaliland Campaign
  • Stanley Maude – Commander during the Mesopotamian Campaign
  • Prince Louis of BattenbergFirst Sea Lord (1912–1914)
  • Lord FisherFirst Sea Lord (1914–1915)
  • Sir Henry JacksonFirst Sea Lord (1915–1916)
  • Sir John Jellicoe – Commanding officer of the Grand Fleet (1914–1916), First Sea Lord (1916–1918)
  • Sir Rosslyn WemyssFirst Sea Lord (1918–1919)
  • David Beatty – Commanding officer of the Grand Fleet (1916–1919)
  • Winston ChurchillFirst Lord of the Admiralty (1911–1915)
  • Arthur BalfourFirst Lord of the Admiralty (1915–1916), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1916–1919)
  • Sir Edward CarsonFirst Lord of the Admiralty (1916–1917)
  • Sir Eric GeddesFirst Lord of the Admiralty (1917–1919)
  • John de Robeck– Naval Commander in the Gallipoli Campaign
  • David HendersonDirector-General of Military Aeronautics (1913–1917)
  • Sir Edward Grey, Bt.Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1905–1916)`

Australia[]

  • Joseph CookPrime Minister of Australia (1913–1914)
  • Andrew Fisher– Prime Minister of Australia (1914–1915)
  • Billy Hughes – Prime Minister of Australia (1915–1923)
  • Ronald Munro FergusonGovernor-General of Australia
  • Edward MillenMinister for Defence (to 17 September 1914)
  • George Pearce– Minister for Defence (from 17 September 1914)
  • Jens JensenMinister for the Navy (1915–1917)
  • Joseph Cook – Minister for the Navy (1917–1920)
  • William Birdwood – Commander of the ANZAC (1914–1916) and Australian Imperial Force (1915–1919)
  • John Monash – Commander of the Australian Corps (1918)
  • William Holmes – Commander of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (1914–1915)
  • Harry Chauvel– Commander of Desert Mounted Corps (1917–1919)

Canada[]

Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada
  • Robert BordenPrime Minister of Canada (1911–1920)
  • The Duke of Connaught and StrathearnGovernor-General of Canada (1911–1916)
  • The Duke of Devonshire – Governor-General of Canada (1916–1921)
  • Sam HughesMinister of Militia and Defence (1911–1916)
  • Albert Edward Kemp – Minister of Militia and Defence (1916–1917) Minister of Overseas Military Forces of Canada (1917–1918)
  • Joseph Flavelle – Chairman of Imperial Munitions Board (1915–1919)
  • Edwin Alderson – Commander of the Canadian Corps (1915–1916)
  • Julian Byng – Commander of the Canadian Corps (1916–1917) and British Third Army (1917–1919)
  • Arthur Currie – Commander of 1st Canadian Division (1915–1917) and Canadian Corps (1917–1919)

British India[]

  • Lord HardingeViceroy of India (1910–1916)
  • Lord Chelmsford – Viceroy of India (1916–1921)
  • Robert Crewe-MilnesSecretary of State for India (1911–1915)
  • Austen Chamberlain – Secretary of State for India (1915–1917)
  • Edwin Samuel Montagu – Secretary of State for India (1917–1922)
  • Beauchamp DuffCommander-in-Chief, India (1914–1916)
  • Charles Monro – Commander-in-Chief, India (1916–1920), Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (1915–1916) and the British First Army (1916)
  • John Nixon – Commander in the British Indian Army
  • James Willcocks – Commander of the I Indian Corps on the Western Front

Union of South Africa[]

Dominion of New Zealand[]

  • William MasseyPrime Minister of New Zealand
  • The Earl of LiverpoolGovernor-General of New Zealand
  • Alexander GodleyChief of Army of New Zealand Military Forces (1910–1914) and The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (1914–1918)
  • Alfred William Robin – Quartermaster-General and Chief of Army of New Zealand Military Forces (1914–1919)
  • Andrew Hamilton Russell – Commander of the New Zealand Division

Dominion of Newfoundland[]

  • Edward MorrisPrime Minister of Newfoundland (1909–1917)
  • John Crosbie – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1917–1918)
  • William Lloyd – Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1918–1919)
  • Walter Edward DavidsonGovernor of Newfoundland (1913–1917)
  • Charles Alexander Harris– Governor of Newfoundland (1917–1922)
  • – Commander of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment in the Battle of the Somme 1916
  • James Forbes-Robertson – Deputy Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, acting commander during the Battle of Monchy-le-Preux (part of the Battle of Arras)

Kingdom of Serbia[]

Kingdom of Montenegro[]

Belgium[]

King Albert I

Luxembourg[]

Kingdom of Italy[]

King Victor Emanuel III of Italy

Kingdom of Romania[]

United States[]

  • Woodrow Wilson[17]President of the United States
  • Thomas R. Marshall[18]Vice President of the United States
  • Newton D. BakerSecretary of War
  • Josephus DanielsSecretary of the Navy
  • Tasker H. BlissChief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1917–1918)
  • Peyton C. March – Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1918)
  • John J. Pershing[19] – Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces
  • William Sims– Commander of all American naval forces in Europe
  • Hunter Liggett – Commander of the I Corps (1917–1918) and the First American Army (1918)
  • Robert Lee Bullard – Commander of the Second American Army (1918)

Empire of Japan[]

Okuma Shigenobu, 5th Prime Minister of Japan.

Kingdom of Greece[]

Kingdom of Hejaz[]

  • Hussein bin Ali – King of Hejaz, Sharif of Mecca and leader of the Arab Revolt
  • Faisal bin Hussein – Commander of the Northern Arab Army
  • Abdullah bin Hussein – Commander of the Eastern Arab Army
  • Ali bin Hussein – Commander of the Southern Arab Army
  • T. E. Lawrence– British Officer in the Arab Revolt

First Portuguese Republic[]

First Republic of Armenia[]

  • Hovhannes KajaznuniPrime Minister of Armenia
  • Andranik Ozanian– Commander in the Caucasus Campaign, never recognized the First Republic of Armenia and fought independently
  • Aram Manukian – Minister of Internal Affairs
    Armenian Army and British Army rule on Azerbaijan Baku 1918 May
  • Alexander KhatisianForeign Minister
  • Hovhannes HakhverdyanDefense Minister
  • Tovmas Nazarbekian – General and Commander-in-Chief of the Armenian Army
  • Drastamat Kanayan– General in the Armenian Army
  • Movses Silikyan – General in the Armenian Army

Kingdom of Siam[]

Emirate of Nejd and Hasa[]

  • Abdul Aziz ibn Saud
  • William Shakespear – British Military Advisor to Emirate of Nejd and Hasa

First Brazilian Republic[]

Republic of China[]

  • Yuan Shikai
  • Li Yuanhong
  • Feng Guozhang

Notes[]

  1. ^ At George's wedding in 1893, The Times claimed that the crowd may have confused Nicholas with George, because their beards and dress made them look alike superficially (The Times (London) Friday, 7 July 1893, p.5). Their facial features were only different up close.
  2. ^ Robert D. Warth, Nicholas II, The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch, 20
  3. ^ Hart 2013, pp. 299–300
  4. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Nicholas (Nikolai Nikolayevich), Russian Grand Duke" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
  5. ^ Who's Who: Alexander Samsonov Biography
  6. ^ Who's Who: Paul von Rennenkampf
  7. ^ First World War.com — Who's Who — Nikolai Ivanov
  8. ^ Brusiloff, Hero of the Hour in Russia, Described Intimately by One Who Knows Him Well Charles Johnston, New York Times, 18 June 1916, accessed 8 February 2010
  9. ^ J. F. V. Keiger, Raymond Poincaré (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p126
  10. ^ First World War – Willmott, H. P., Dorling Kindersley, 2003, Page 52
  11. ^ "Foch's Biography on the Immortals page of the Académie française" (in French). Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-12-24.
  12. ^ Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey & Hickey, Michael, The First World War: The War To End All Wars, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-738-7
  13. ^ Williams, Charles, Pétain, Little Brown (Time Warner Book Group UK), London, 2005, p. 206, ISBN 978-0-316-86127-4
  14. ^ Dragoljub R. Živojinovic, Kralj Petar I Karadordevic (King Peter I Karadordevic), vol. I-III, Belgrade, BIGZ 1988–1992.
  15. ^ Carlo Bronne. Albert 1er: le roi sans terre.
  16. ^ King Vittorio Emanuele III
  17. ^ "Woodrow Wilson". Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  18. ^ Hatfield, Mark O. (1997). "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President (1913–1921)". Senate Historical Office. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
  19. ^ "Library of Congress link: Washington held the title of "General and Commander in Chief" of the Continental Army".
  20. ^ Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial (2001). ISBN 0-06-093130-2

References[]

  • Hart, Peter (2013). The Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199976270.
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