Ardalan

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For other uses, see Ardalan (disambiguation).
Principality of Ardalan
میرنشینی ئەردەڵان‎
14th Century–1865/68
StatusVassaldom of various empires and dynasties including Qajar
CapitalSanandaj
Common languagesGorani, Kurdish
GovernmentPrincipality
Wali 
• ?-?
• 1846-1848 1860-1867
(last)
History 
• Established
14th Century
• Disestablished
1865/68
 Succeeded by
Qajar
Today part ofKurdistan Province
Ardalan State circa 1835
Amanollah Khan Ardalan, Wali of Ardalan (1846–1848, 1860–1867)
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Ardalan (Kurdish: میرنشینی ئەردەڵان‎)[1] was a hereditary Kurdish vassaldom in western Iran from around the 14th century[2] until 1865[3] or 1868[4] with Sanandaj as capital.[5] The territory corresponded roughly to present-day Kurdistan Province of Iran and the rulers were loyal to the Qajar Empire. Baban was its main rival. Gorani was the literary language and lingua franca.[5][6] When the vassaldom fell, literary work in Gorani ceased.[7]

History[]

According to Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi, the renowned Kurdish historian, the earliest known leader of the tribe, Bani Ardalan, was a descendant of "Ahmad b. Marwan" also known as "Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad ibn Marwān", who was the ruler of Marwanid Emirate in 1011–1061 centered in Amid. He settled down among the Goran Kurds in Kurdistan and toward the end of the Mongol period took over the Sharazor, where he established himself as an absolute ruler. Bani Ardalan's family also declared themselves descendants of the legendary Saladin.[2]

Ardalan encompassed Qaradagh, Khanaqin, Kirkuk, and Kifri.[6]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "میرنشینی ئەردەڵان، بابان، سۆران لە بەڵگەنامەکانی قاجاریدا 1799-1847" (PDF) (in Kurdish). 2002. Retrieved 2 May 2020. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Oberling, P. "BANĪ ARDALĀN". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
  3. ^ David Mcdowall (1996). The Kurds (PDF). Minority Rights Group International Report. p. 20. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  4. ^ Najat Abdulla-Ali (2006). Empire, frontière et tribu Le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontière turco-persan (1843-1932) (in French). p. 159.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Michael M. Gunter (2009). The A to Z of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780810868182.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Jemal Nebez (2000). "The Kurdish Language from Oral Tradition to Written Language". Archived from the original on 2004-12-21. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  7. ^ Maisel, Sebastian (2018). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. p. 166. ISBN 9781440842573.

Sources[]

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