Atatürk's nationalism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Atatürk Kemal.jpg
This article is part of
a series about
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Reforms

Kemalism

Emblem of the Presidency of Turkey.svg
Mustafa Kemal and the establishment of the Turkish History Institution

Atatürk's nationalism (Turkish: Atatürk milliyetçiliği) is a civic nationalist[1] patriotic ideology that bases the definition of the nation on the values of identity and political unity, regardless of religion, as stated in Article 88 of the Turkish Constitution of 1924 and Atatürk's Principles.[2][3]

Intro[]

During the century following the French Revolution, empires in Europe were divided or destroyed one by one, and nation-states were established one after another.[4] The Ottoman Empire also had its share of this, and the Balkan peoples had revolted and established their own independent nation-states. Greece, which expanded its territory even when it was defeated in the war against the Ottoman Empire under the pressure of the Western states, started the occupation of Anatolia in 1919, this time within the framework of the Treaty of Sèvres.[5]

History[]

Understanding of the national state[]

Atatürk clearly expresses the development of the idea of nationalism in himself with the following recollection he told during a conversation on September 14, 1931:

"In our generation's youth years, the indoctrination and effects of Ottomanism dominated. With the influence of the Arabs, among the notables of the palace, army, and state, Albanians are given a special value, when they are mentioned, this feeling is tried to be expressed by naming them with the phrase "master race". We Turks who are the owners of the country and the founder of the state were considered as minor masses of people."[6]

Studies in the national struggle period[]

The Ottoman Empire entered a period of disintegration with the Armistice of Mudros, and the Turkish nation was wanted to be expelled from Anatolia, which was its last support.[7] Anatolia was parceled out and being divided into statelets with fabricated excuses. The only way of salvation for Atatürk was for the Turkish people to protect their national rights and take their own destiny into their own hands with a total uprising. For this, as soon as he crossed Anatolia, he started to work in order to activate the national feelings of the people.[8]

Social state[]

Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, replaced the theocratic management understanding of the Ottoman Empire with secularism, Pan-Islamism with nationalism, the sultan's will with republicanism, and the privileged palace and its surroundings with the unprivileged and integrated populism. Instead of doing all these things slowly over time, that is, with a reformist understanding, Atatürk applied a revolutionary approach by realizing it in a very short time, with the awareness of living in a modern civilization and the idea that the level of modern civilization should be reached as soon as possible without wasting time.[9]

Another phenomenon that is as important as these political, cultural, and sociological changes is the principle of statism in the economy. Statism is the reflection of the three principles, namely republicanism, populism, and nationalism, on the economy as a whole. Such statism is moderate and social statism, as Atatürk himself stated, without the need for any interpretation.[10]

Quotes[]

  • Paul Dumont summarizes Kemalist nationalism as follows:

Kemalism had decided to play the cards of linguistic and cultural unity; it was based on the principle of conquering languages and cultures in order to solve the problems of minorities who were not yet integrated into society. But meanwhile, they kept some obscure cards as trump cards in order to use them when necessary.

— Paul Dumont, Mustafa Kemal ve ulusal bir devletin kuruluşu[11]

See also[]

References[]

Notes

  1. ^ Afetinan, A. (2010). Medenî bilgiler Türk Milletinin el kitabı Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Neriman Aydın (2. baskı ed.). İstanbul: Toplumsal dönüşüm yayınları. p. 48. ISBN 978-605-4425-00-6. OCLC 949589868.
  2. ^ Dinç, Sait. "ATATÜRKÇÜ DÜŞÜNCE SİSTEMİNE GÖRE MİLLİYETÇİLİK İLKESİ" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-11-11.
  3. ^ Yücel, Yaşar. "Atatürk İlkeleri". Turkish Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2020-12-22.
  4. ^ Türk inkılap tarihi ve Atatürk ilkeleri. E. Semih Yalçın, Selçuk Duman, Şennur Şenel, Emine Erdoğan, Nuran Kılağız, Taner Aslan. Ankara: Berikan Yayınevi. 2010. ISBN 978-975-267-341-0. OCLC 830347792.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ Sezer, Serab (2012). Lozan ve mübadele. İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi. ISBN 978-605-4233-86-1. OCLC 857672094.
  6. ^ Atatürk, Kemal (1999). Atatürk'ün fikir ve düşünceleri. Utkan Kocatürk. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi. pp. 203–204. ISBN 975-16-1174-1. OCLC 43471668.
  7. ^ "Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Başkanlığı". Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Başkanlığı. ISSN 1011-727X. OCLC 405736352.
  8. ^ Feyzi̇oğlu, Turhan (1985-07-01). "Türk Millî Mücadelesinin ve Atatürkçülüğün Temel İlkelerinden Biri olarak Millet Egemenliği". Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi (in Turkish). 1 (3): 741–792. ISSN 1011-727X.
  9. ^ Evyapan, Rafet (1999-03-02). "Atatürk Ve Sosyal Devlet". Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi (in Turkish). 15 (43): 253–282. ISSN 1011-727X.
  10. ^ Çağan, Nami (2010). Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi. Ayraç Yayınevi. ISBN 9789758087716.
  11. ^ Mustafa Kemal ve ulusal bir devletin kuruluşu. Vasıf Erenus. İstanbul: Sarmal Yayınevi. 2010. ISBN 978-605-371-001-1. OCLC 693110106.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Sources
  • Tanıl Bora, Türk Sağının Üç hali Mİlliyetçilik, Muhafazakarlık, Birikim, İstanbul, 1999
  • Tanıl Bora, Kemal Can, Devlet ve Kuzgun 1990'lardan 2000'lere MHP, İletişim
  • Suavi Aydın, Modernleşme ve Milliyetçilik, Gündoğan Yayınları
  • Masami Arai, Modernleşme ve Milliyetçilik, İletişim, İstanbul
  • Günay Göksu Özdoğan, "Turan"dan "Bozkurt"a Tek Parti Döneminde Türkçülük (1931-1946), İletişim, İstanbul
  • G. Gürkan Öztan,“Milliyetçilik”, Resmi İdeoloji Sözlüğü, Özgür Üniversite Kitaplığı, 2007
  • G. Gürkan Öztan, “Türk Milliyetçiliğinde Taşra Fetişizmi ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet”, Doğu-Batı, no: 38, 2006
  • G. Gürkan Öztan, “Türk Milliyetçiliğinde Vazgeçilmez Bir Atıf Noktası: Japon Öykünmesi” Türkiye’de Neoliberalizm, Demokrasi ve Ulus Devlet, Yordam Kitap, İstanbul, 2009
  • Mustafa Keskin, Atatürk'ün Millet ve Milliyetçilik Anlayışı, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Ankara
  • Jean Leca, Uluslar ve Milliyetçilikleri, Metis, İstanbul
  • Umut Özkırımlı, Milliyetçilik Kuramları, Doğu-Batı, Ankara
  • Hugh Poulton, Silindir Şapka, Bozkurt ve Hilal, Sarmal Yayınları
  • Ahmet Yıldız, Ne Mutlu Türküm Diyebilenene, İletişim, İstanbul
  • Hikmet Tanyu, Atatürk ve Türk Milliyetçiliği, Elips İstanbul

Further reading[]

  • Alaranta, Toni (2014). Contemporary Kemalism: From Universal Secular-Humanism to Extreme Turkish Nationalism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-91676-5.
  • Ciddi, Sinan (2009). Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People's Party, Secularism and Nationalism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-02559-6.
  • Gürpınar, Doğan (2013). "The Reinvention of Kemalism: Between Elitism, Anti-Elitism and Anti-Intellectualism". Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (3): 454–476. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.783822. S2CID 144626059.
  • Plaggenborg, Stefan (2012). Ordnung und Gewalt: Kemalismus - Faschismus - Sozialismus (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-486-71409-8.
Retrieved from ""