Brookfield Place (New York City)
Brookfield Place | |
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![]() Brookfield Place, then the World Financial Center (April 2011) | |
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Former names | World Financial Center (1985–2014) |
General information | |
Town or city | New York City, New York |
Country | United States |
Coordinates | 40°42′47″N 74°00′56″W / 40.71306°N 74.01556°WCoordinates: 40°42′47″N 74°00′56″W / 40.71306°N 74.01556°W |
Opened | 1985 |
Owner | |
Management |
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Design and construction | |
Architect | César Pelli |
Architecture firm | Adamson Associates |
Developer | Olympia and York |
Other information | |
Parking | Self-park and valet garages |
Public transit access |
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Website | |
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Brookfield Place (previously named and still commonly referred to as the World Financial Center) is a shopping center and office building complex in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is located in the Battery Park City neighborhood, across West Street from the World Trade Center, and overlooks the Hudson River. The complex is currently owned and managed by Brookfield Properties, a subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management.
History[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NYfromWTC2.jpg/175px-NYfromWTC2.jpg)
Designed by architect César Pelli,[1] with Adamson Associates, the World Financial Center complex was built by Olympia and York from 1983 and 1988[2] on the landfill used to build Battery Park City.[3] The fill material consisted of dirt excavated during the building of the World Trade Center, as well as garbage and other debris.[citation needed]
During the September 11 attacks in 2001, debris severely damaged the lobby and lower floors granite cladding and glass. It has since been fully restored and significant repairs were made to the other buildings in the complex. The Winter Garden Atrium received major structural damage to its glass and steel frame, but ceremonially reopened on September 11, 2002.[4]
After the attacks, the World Financial Center underwent a $250 million renovation and expansion project, in conjunction with the construction of a new east-west passageway linking the complex with the World Trade Center site.[5] The project included a transit pavilion to be built as an extension of the existing Winter Garden Atrium, on the West Street side. Preliminary plans called for the demolition of the Grand Staircase, which was the main focal entry point to Winter Garden and the waterfront, as it connected to the Vesey Street pedestrian bridge adjacent to the original World Trade Center. The Grand Staircase has also been used as an amphitheater; thus, the plans for demolition had outraged residents, who promptly appealed for its preservation in the latest redevelopment plans. The transit pavilion opened in 2013, and is located at 100 West Street.[6][7]
Leasable space on the lower floors of the office towers underwent conversions and expansion to accommodate new retail. One notable example is 2 Brookfield Place: a European-style marketplace and dining terrace opened in 2013. The space between 3 and 4 Brookfield Place, at 225 Vesey Street, which contained retail, expanded to accommodate in‑line retail and high-end fashion retail, according to the plans and renderings. With some restaurants and retail temporarily closed due to construction, a food truck court was in operation beginning in early 2012 on North End Avenue. Various food trucks that operate around New York City, serving a variety of foods, service the Brookfield Place/Battery Park City area five days a week during lunch hours.[8] A new 2,000-seat food court comprising existing restaurants, such as Le District and Hudson Eats, and new restaurants, opened in stages between November 2014 and March 2015; the food area is projected to generate about $120 million of revenue annually.[9][10] Overall, the intent is to drive more tourism in the area with the retail and the new access to the passageway under West Street. It is also being developed as a catalyst to integrate and drive development in the adjacent largely residential Battery Park City area.[11]
Brookfield Properties bought the adjacent One North End Avenue building, headquarters of the New York Mercantile Exchange, in 2013, for US$200 million, and integrated it into the complex.[12] Following expansion, the entire World Financial Center complex was renamed Brookfield Place, in conjunction with similar complexes in Toronto, Calgary, and Perth owned by Brookfield. The name change took place in 2014.[13]
Ownership[]
Brookfield Place is owned by Toronto-based Brookfield Office Properties,[14] except for the space occupied by American Express, which is owned by the American Express Company. 250 Vesey Street serves as the United States headquarters for Brookfield Office Properties.[15][16] Brookfield Place has its own zip code, 10281. The buildings' original developer was Olympia and York, also based in Toronto.[14]
Notable tenants[]
Brookfield Place has been home to offices of various companies including Merrill Lynch, RBC Capital Markets, Nomura Group, American Express, Bank of New York Mellon, Time Inc. 95.5 K-LOVE, 96.7 Air1, and Brookfield Asset Management. In 2014, the complex was given its current name following the completion of extensive renovations.[17]
Upscale department store Saks Fifth Avenue was an anchor, opening on September 9, 2016; it was proposed to become "Lower Manhattan’s preeminent luxury department store". In December 2018, Saks Fifth Avenue announced that it would close the branch.[18]
List of buildings[]
Building | Previous names | Year opened |
Height | No. of stories |
Gross leasable area | Roof type | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 Liberty Street | One World Financial Center | 1986 | 577 feet (176 m) | 40 | 1,628,000 square feet (151,200 m2) | Truncated square pyramid | |
225 Liberty Street | Two World Financial Center | 1987 | 645 feet (197 m) | 44 | 2,491,000 square feet (231,400 m2) | Round dome | |
200 Vesey Street | Three World Financial Center | 1985 | 739 feet (225 m) | 51 | 1,200,000 square feet (110,000 m2) | Pyramid | Colloquially the American Express Tower |
250 Vesey Street | Four World Financial Center | 1986 | 500 feet (150 m) | 34 | 1,800,000 square feet (170,000 m2) | Ziggurat | Colloquially the North Tower |
Winter Garden Atrium | N/A | 1988 | 10 | 295,000 square feet (27,400 m2) | Glass dome | ||
One North End Avenue | N/A | 1997 | 253 feet (77 m) | 16 | 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) | Colloquially the New York Mercantile Exchange building; integrated into Brookfield Place in 2013 |
The Winter Garden Atrium is a 45,000 square feet (4,200 m2) glass domed pavilion housing various plants, trees and flowers, also shopping areas, cafes (located between buildings 2 and 3), rebuilt 2002 after terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The pavilion also exhibits a range contemporary artists including Reyna Noriega,[19] Julia Whitney Barnes, Tatiana Arocha, Anne Beffel, Jane Benson, Curtis Cuffie, Charles Goldman, Elke Lehmann, Pia Lindman, Brian P. McGrath, Andrea Ray, and Alex Villar.[20][21]
Gallery[]
World Financial Center at night. (2006)
Standing alongside the World Trade Center, as it appeared in August 2000
Picture taken just after the Twin Towers collapsed in 2001.
Winter sunset reflected off of the glass windows of the World Financial Center, in December 2005
The Winter Garden Atrium, as it appeared in June 2007
As seen from on board the United States Navy amphibious transport dock ship, the USS New York (LPD-21), in November 2009
References[]
- ^ "The World Financial Center". www.batteryparkcity.org/. Archived from the original on September 26, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ^ Kandell, Jonathan (October 26, 2013). "Paul Reichmann, Who Helped Develop the World Financial Center, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ^ Goldberger, Paul (November 20, 1988). "BATTERY PARK CITY: NEW YORK'S NEWEST NEIGHBORHOOD; To the Heights of Simplicity". The New York Times. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ^ "World Financial Center, New York City". Aviewoncities.com. September 11, 2001. Archived from the original on August 14, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ^ "Lower Manhattan : News | World Financial Center Pavilion Plans Unveiled". Lowermanhattan.info. June 24, 2011. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ^ "Renovation Updates". Worldfinancialcenter.com. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20120104094650/http://worldfinancialcenter.com/
- ^ "Food truck court schedule". Worldfinancialcenter.com. April 27, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ^ Steve Cuozzo (April 21, 2014). "Brookfield's $250M development rocks downtown". New York Post. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ "Brookfield Place". Brookfield Place New York. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
- ^ "WFC 2013 Vision". Worldfinancialcenter.com. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ^ Levitt, David M (November 26, 2013). "Brookfield Buys Manhattan's Nymex Building From CME Group". Bloomberg.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 2, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Jump up to: a b Holusha, John (December 15, 1996). "From Olympia & York Bankruptcy, a New Company". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
- ^ "World Financial Center and Winter Garden New York City.com : Arts & Attractions : Editorial Review". Nyc.com. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ^ "about". Worldfinancialcenter.com. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ^ LAUREN SHERMAN, Inside the Reinvention of Saks Fifth Avenue September 6, 2016
- ^ Wilson, Marianne (December 17, 2018). "Saks Fifth Avenue to exit Brookfield Center". Chain Store Age. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
- ^ Shahgholi, Hazel. "Holiday lights and magic at Brookfield Place, World Trade Center". amNewYork. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "World Financial Center Series returns to Lower Manhattan | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News". WNYC. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "Brookfield Place/200 Liberty St". Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
External links[]
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- Brookfield Place (New York City)
- American Express
- Battery Park City
- Brookfield Properties buildings
- César Pelli buildings
- Office buildings completed in 1988
- Office buildings in Manhattan
- Shopping malls in New York City
- World Financial Centers
- Postmodern architecture in New York City