Garden State Plaza

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Westfield Garden State Plaza
Garden State Plaza by the AMC Parking Lot July 2014.png
The mall's southeast parking lot, seen in 2014
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
LocationParamus, New Jersey
Address1 Garden State Plaza
Opening dateMay 1, 1957[1]
DeveloperR.H. Macy Company[1]
ManagementUnibail-Rodamco-Westfield
OwnerUnibail-Rodamco Westfield
No. of stores and services335 (As of March 2014)[2]
No. of anchor tenants3 at 1957 opening[3]
Total retail floor area2,118,718 sq ft (196,835.3 m2)[4]
No. of floors2 (3 in Macy's, Neiman Marcus, and Nordstrom)
ParkingParking lot, parking garage, and valet parking with 10,796 parking spaces.[4]
Public transit accessBus transport NJ Transit NJ Transit bus: 163, 171, 175, 707, 709, 756, 758, 770
Websitewestfield.com/gardenstateplaza
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Westfield Garden State Plaza, commonly referred to as simply Garden State Plaza, is an upscale shopping mall located in Paramus, New Jersey. It is owned and managed by Paris, France-based real estate management company Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, and located at the intersection of Route 4 and Route 17 near the Garden State Parkway, about 15 miles (24 km) west of Manhattan.[5] Opened in 1957 as the first suburban shopping mall in New Jersey,[3][6] it has 2,118,718 sq ft (196,835.3 m2) of leasable space,[4][7] and housing over 300 stores,[5] it is the second-largest mall in New Jersey, the third-largest mall in the New York metropolitan area, and one of the highest-revenue producing malls in the United States.[8]

The mall had sales of $500 per square foot in 2013, about $320 above the national average; Garden State Plaza is one of the most profitable malls in the country.[9] In a study of malls in the United States performed on behalf of CNBC, published in 2018, Westfield Garden State Plaza ranked ninth in the nation, based on sales of $950 per square foot.[10] Most of the mall, especially retail outlets, is closed on Sunday in accordance with state and local blue laws.[11]

In a borough in which half of the property tax revenue comes from retail properties, Garden State Plaza accounts for 10% of the property taxes collected in Paramus.[12]

History[]

The site at the southwest corner of Route 4 and Route 17 that would become Garden State Plaza had been used as a drive-in theater dating back to the 1930s.[13] Allied Stores and Macy's had discussed a shared project at the site that was abandoned in August 1953, after which Allied Stores pursued development of the Bergen Mall (since renamed as Bergen Town Center), that would be located a mile away on Route 4 and which was scheduled to open in September 1957 with Stern's as its anchor store.[14]

R.H. Macy announced the creation of Garden State Plaza in May 1954, establishing a subsidiary that would own and operate the mall.[15] JC Penney announced in June 1955 that the company would construct an 83,000-square-foot (7,700 m2) standalone three-story building as part of the project, with the infrastructure to add a fourth floor, as needs grew.[16] In September 1958, long-time Macy's rival Gimbel's announced that it was acquiring access to a building site in the mall for a facility that would include 240,000 square feet (22,000 m2) of retail space on three floors, with completion expected in 1960.[17]

Garden State Plaza opened on May 1, 1957, as the first suburban mall in New Jersey, with plans to be "the largest in the state". On opening day, Garden State Plaza had 75,000 shoppers at a mall that was anchored by a 340,000-square-foot (32,000 m2) Bamberger's store on three floors and included 60 retail stores and 5,500 parking spaces on a site that covered 110 acres (45 ha).[1] The formal ribbon cutting ceremony included the mayor of Paramus Fred C. Galda and a local eight-year-old who cut a ribbon with one thousand dimes as a fundraiser for the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (since renamed as the March of Dimes), part of an awareness campaign to encourage people to get the polio vaccine.[18]

Its original three anchor stores were Bamberger's, Gimbel's, and JCPenney, with the rest of the mall consisting of 90 smaller specialty shops. It was called "the largest shopping center in the world."[3] Constructed by the Muscarelle Construction Company for owner/developer R.H. Macy & Co. as an open-air shopping "plaza",[19] total construction costs for the mall were $26 million.[20]

Garden State Plaza on Labor Day 2007, taken from second level above mall's food court

Garden State Plaza drew much business from nearby New York towns and cities, whose shoppers wandered across state lines to take advantage of New Jersey's lower sales taxes and its policy that exempted clothing purchases from sales tax. By 1961, it was the world's largest mall.[20]

In 1975, the mall began a multi-phased, years-long project that would fully enclose the mall, converting exterior passageways into covered spaces. The project, budgeted at $20 million, would add 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of retail space, bringing the total to 1,757,000 square feet (163,200 m2) upon completion.[21]

A $21 million construction project in 1981 converted access tunnels into a second level for the mall, added 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of retail space.[13]

The mall was enclosed between 1981 and 1984 in response to competitive pressure from newer fully enclosed malls such as the Willowbrook Mall in nearby Wayne.[22] Later in the 1980s, a lower level was added by converting a former basement truck tunnel into retail space. The existing JCPenney basement was given a new entrance on the lower level, but since the floors were at slightly different elevations, that entrance features the shortest escalator in North America, at a height of six steps.[23]

In 1987, Gimbel's parent company, BATUS, which had been selling off its Gimbel's stores, sold its Garden State Plaza location to Associated Dry Goods. Associated reopened the store as the new headquarters for its Hahne's department stores. Hahne's had previously been headquartered at its flagship store in downtown Newark, which the company wanted to close.[24] In the mid-1990s, a Nobody Beats the Wiz store was added as an out-parcel to the mall site; it later became a Best Buy store that closed in 2018.[25] The site was then occupied by a toy store called Toy City, owned by Party City.

On September 7, 1990, Nordstrom opened its first New Jersey location, building a $37 million, 272,000 sq ft (25,300 m2), three-level store on the former Hahne's site.[26] In 1996, Lord & Taylor opened a store in the mall; its seventh in the state at the time.[27]

In 1996, Garden State Plaza marked the completion of a $200 million expansion and major remodeling project that added over 700,000 sq ft (65,000 m2) of retail space and two four level parking structures, Parking Garage A, and Parking Garage B. The downstairs food court was connected to the lower level from the previous expansion. J. C. Penney grew by 62,000 to 150,000 sq ft (5,800 to 13,900 m2), and two new anchors were added, a 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m2) Neiman Marcus on three levels and a 135,000 sq ft (12,500 m2) Lord & Taylor on two levels, both targeted at the upscale fashion-conscious shopper.[22] A Venetian carousel was also added at that time of the expansion and remodeling and was located in front of Macy's. The carousel closed in 2016, and was removed so that the mall could use that space for performances by the Bergen Performing Arts Center.[28]

Westfield acquired the mall in 1986 from Macy's in a deal that also included New Jersey's Brunswick Square Mall and Quaker Bridge Mall.[29][30]

The Borough of Paramus petitioned the New Jersey Supreme Court to review a decision by borough's Planning Board, asking it to review the plans to construct a 163,000-square-foot (15,100 m2) "entertainment lifestyle precinct" at the mall that included a 16-screen AMC movie theater and 10 specialty retail stores, along with a 158,000-square-foot (14,700 m2) parking lot below the new wing, known as "Parking Garage C".[31] The petition was turned down, and the mall celebrated its 50th anniversary with the new expansion and stores opened on May 25, 2007.[32]

In 2013, the mall rebuilt Parking Garage B, expanding it to five levels and 1,800 parking spaces. Adjacent were built a new guest services office and a valet lounge. A year later, the mall added a 55,000 square feet (5,100 m2) wing at a cost of $160 million known as the "Fashion District" that has 22 stores and restaurants.[33][34]

In January 2018, Best Buy announced that they would be closing their two-level store at Garden State Plaza and would be relocating to a single-floor building to be constructed at The Outlets at Bergen Town Center nearby.[35] The store officially moved on April 14, 2018. J. C. Penney closed on March 10, 2018.[36] Both stores are expected to be redeveloped by Westfield in the future, though as of October 2018, no such development has been announced.[37] In July 2018 North Jersey Media Group reported that Uniqlo will be relocating from Westfield Garden State Plaza to Paramus Park. The Paramus Park Uniqlo officially opened on March 1, 2019.[38] Westfield Garden State Plaza announced plans to build a mixed development center in the old JCPenney space.[39]

In July 2019, Tru Kids announced that one of two Toys "R" Us stores being opened by that company as part of that toy retailer's recovery from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2017 and its acquisition by Tru Kids, would be at Garden State Plaza. (The other would be opened at The Galleria in Houston.) Eschewing the "warehouse" arrangement of previous stores, Toys "R" Us stores, these revamped versions were much smaller, and centered around open play areas, interactive displays and areas for special events and birthday parties. It opened on November 27, 2019.[40][41] However it closed on January 28, 2021.[42]

In September 2019, the mall announced that it would developing mixed-use projects with dining and other retail on the ground floors of the buildings and housing on the upper floors, which would be constructed in areas now covered by parking lots on the periphery of the mall. Construction of this housing would count towards the borough's affordable housing obligations and would serve as a downtown "town square" for Paramus.[12]

Lord & Taylor announced in August 2020 that it was going out of business, and would be closing all of its stores, including the Garden State Plaza location. The store closed on February 27, 2021.[43]

Blue laws[]

Due to state blue laws[11][44] and more restrictive limitations in place in Paramus, Garden State Plaza is almost completely closed on Sundays, except for some of the restaurants and the movie theater, all of which have special Sunday entrances. Garden State Plaza's parking lot is accessible, on Sundays, only from the Route 4 and Route 17 access points. Gates are down so that the access roads from the secondary streets are blocked. The Paramus Borough Code forbids the performance of any "worldly employment" on Sunday, with very limited exceptions.[45] These laws were enacted shortly after Garden State Plaza opened out of fear that the mall would cause high levels of traffic congestion on the highways in the borough.[46] During the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie issued an executive order that suspended the state's blue laws, allowing stores to be open on Sunday, November 4, 2012, for the benefit of those severely affected by the hurricane. A week later, after a public outcry that included the mayor of Paramus announcing that the borough would continue to enforce its own restrictions, the state's blue laws were put back into effect.[47]

Public transportation[]

Westfield Garden State Plaza serves as a local transportation hub. The mall is served by NJ Transit bus lines routes 163, 171, 175, 707, 709, 756, 758 and 770.[48]

Incidents[]

Westfield Garden State Plaza shooting
LocationParamus, New Jersey
DateNovember 4, 2013
TargetWestfield Garden State Plaza
Weapons7.62x39mm SIG 556R semi-automatic rifle
Deaths1 (perpetrator)
PerpetratorRichard Shoop

On November 4, 2013, 20-year-old Richard Shoop, armed with a SIG 556R semi-automatic rifle, fired multiple shots in the mall. Customers and employees were evacuated immediately from the mall premises shortly after the shots were fired and the mall was on lockdown for hours. The mall remained closed the following day. No one was injured or killed, other than Shoop himself, who committed suicide at 3:20 AM.[49][50]

Popular culture[]

  • Garden State Plaza is the setting for Tricia Sullivan's science fiction novel Maul (2002). The novel takes its title from the way that the word "mall" is pronounced with the New Jersey accent. In the novel, three teenage girls start a shoot out with a local gang.[51]
  • Several episodes of The Sopranos, the HBO mob drama were filmed at the mall, which was called the "Paramus Mall".[52]
  • The 2005 Sesame Street direct-to-video special All Star Alphabet, featuring Stephen Colbert and Nicole Sullivan, was filmed on location at the mall.[53]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Big Shopping Area Opened In Jersey; 75,000 Visit Paramus Center --3-Story Bamberger Unit Is the Principal Store 17 Connections to Roads Price Range Like Newark's", The New York Times, May 2, 1957. Accessed February 28, 2021. "More than 75,000 persons visited the Garden State Plaza Shopping Center at its official opening today.... Now there are nine large buildings housing sixty stores.... Bamberger's Paramus, as the new store will be known, is in a three-level structure occupying 340,000 square feet."
  2. ^ Ma, Myles (January 10, 2013). "Garden State Plaza in Paramus starts $130 million remodeling project". NJ.com. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Anzidei, Melanie (May 5, 2019). "Westfield Garden State Plaza's transformation a sign of changing times in retail". Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Westfield Garden State Plaza Archived August 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Westfield Group. Accessed June 6, 2008
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Queally, James; Sherman, Ted; Grant, Jason (November 5, 2013). "Garden State Plaza shooting suspect killed self in mall, authorities say". NJ.com.
  6. ^ "Garden State Shopping Center Due to Open May 1 in Paramus; It Will Be Largest in Jersey --Bergen Mall Being Built Less Than a Mile Away", The New York Times, March 20, 1957. p. 49. Accessed February 27, 2021. "The Garden State Plaza Shopping Center, being built in Paramus, N.J., will open on May 1, it was announced yesterday. The center will be the largest in the state."
  7. ^ Westfield Garden State Plaza Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, International Council of Shopping Centers. Accessed June 6, 2008
  8. ^ D'innocenzio, Anne; Porter, David (October 26, 2019). "American Dream, 2nd largest mall in US, opens in New Jersey". 6abc Philadelphia. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  9. ^ Ma, Myles (November 29, 2013). "Garden State Plaza addition to include Tory Burch, Microsoft stores". -NJ.com. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  10. ^ Remo, Jessica. "This N.J. mall is 1 of most lucrative in country, study says", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 31, 2018. Accessed March 7, 2018. "The study (done for CNBC by analysts Boenning & Scattergood) says Garden State Plaza ranks ninth in the country for revenue-producing malls and put it among the top 10 malls in the U.S. with 'A' ratings and little to no vacancies. The mall has a total asset value of $2.71 billion, which equates to $950 in sales per square foot, according to the research."
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Shopping, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed November 25, 2019. "Bergen is the only county in New Jersey which enforces Blue Laws – legislation that limits Sunday shopping. Paramus strictly observes these laws, therefore major malls and other retail stores are closed on Sunday."
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Pries, Allison. "Garden State Plaza, N.J's biggest mall, is getting a massive makeover", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 1, 2019, updated September 24, 2019. Accessed March 1, 2021. "When Paramus redid its master plan a couple of years ago, Mayor Richard LaBarbiera said, it zoned the Routes 4 and 17 commercial corridor for mixed use, which allows for residential units to be built on top of retail. The zoning was implemented for two reasons, he said Wednesday: to make sure Paramus' commercial entities could remain competitive and to satisfy the borough's affordable housing obligation. Half of Paramus' tax base is commercial. And Garden State Plaza pays one of every ten tax dollars."
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Pries, Allison. "Garden State Plaza is expanding. See how it went from a drive-in to N.J.'s biggest mall.", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, July 5, 2019, updated September 24, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021.
  14. ^ "Garden State Shopping Center Due to Open May 1 in Paramus; It Will Be Largest in Jersey --Bergen Mall Being Built Less Than a Mile Away", The New York Times, March 20, 1957. Accessed February 28, 2021. "Less than a mile from the plaza, the Allied Stores Corporation is building Bergen Mall, another major shopping center. Anchored by a Stern's department store, this center is expected to open around the beginning of September.... Macy's and Allied first became interested in the Bergen County area in the Nineteen Forties. Until August 1953, both had considered constructing one center as a joint venture on the Garden State site."
  15. ^ "Macy Forms Subsidiary; Garden State Plaza Corp. Will Run New Jersey Center", The New York Times, May 5, 1954. Accessed February 28, 2021. "Garden State Plaza Corporation has been incorporated to operate and assume the ownership of the shopping center that will be located at the junction of Routes 4 and 17 in Bergen County, N. J., it was announced yesterday. It will be a subsidiary of R. H. Macy Co., Inc."
  16. ^ "Penney Joins Center; Will Occupy 3-Story Building in Garden State Plaza", The New York Times, June 16, 1955. Accessed February 28, 2021. "The J. C. Penney Company will have an 83,000-square-foot store in the Garden State Plaza shopping center under construction at Paramus, N. J."
  17. ^ "Gimbels Buys In Macy's; Rents Land for Store in Rival's Paramus Plot", The New York Times, September 5, 1958. Accessed February 28, 2021. "Gimbels rented land from a Macy subsidiary, the Garden State Plaza Corporation, in the Garden State Plaza Shopping Center, Paramus, N. J., to build a 240,000-square-foot, three-level store. A unit of L. Bamberger & Co., a Macy division, is one of the many stores already operating there."
  18. ^ "Ribbon-Cutting Plan Set For Tomorrow", The Record, April 30, 1957. Accessed March 1, 2021, via Newspapers.com. "Instead of the usual satin ribbon used on such occasions, the Garden State Plaza has designed a symbolic ribbon composed of 1,000 dimes to spell out the Garden State Plaza name. Eight-year-old polio victim Barbara Brannon of 193 Alberta Drive, Saddle Brook, New Jersey will be the official ribbon cutter, assisted by Paramus mayor Fred C. Galda. The dimes will go to the Bergen County Chapter of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. This ceremony was conceived, in co-operation with the state offices of the Foundation, to focus attention on the current drive to get everyone in New Jersey inoculated with polio vaccine before the summer."
  19. ^ Karsian, Dillon. "Garden State Plaza Reshaped Landscape", National Real Estate Investor, May 1, 1999. Accessed February 10, 2021. "Having undergone periodic renovations and expansions since its spring 1957 debut as an open-air center, the property today stands in the superregional class."
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b Verdon, Joan. "Westfield Garden State Plaza, Paramus", The Record, July 27, 2008, backed up by the Internet Archive as of August 1, 2008. Accessed July 30, 2008.
  21. ^ Savage, Ania. "Garden State Plaza Will Enclose Mall", The New York Times, February 23, 1975. Accessed February 28, 2021. "The Garden State Plaza, the oldest and one of the largest shopping centers in North Jersey, is scheduled for a $20‐million expansion and facelift.... About 400,000 square feet of merchandising space will be added to the 1,357,000 square feet that now exist. And a roof will be put over 120,000 square feet of walks and promenades, thus providing a year‐round, climate-controlled shopping area about 10 city blocks long."
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Garden State Plaza Reshaped Landscape Archived October 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Retail Traffic, May 1, 1999
  23. ^ Hill, Jeffrey. "Taken for a Ride: The insanity of escalators". Next American City. Summer 2008. Accessed February 11, 2011. "By contrast, the Garden State Plaza in Paramus, New Jersey, boasts the world’s shortest escalator pair in front of its JCPenney, at a comical height of six steps. Kids play on them while adults use the more practical, non-moving staircases to the left and right.""Next City – Inspiring Equitable Cities". Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. Retrieved February 11, 2011.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  24. ^ "11 Gimbels Stores Are Sold By Batus". The New York Times. June 18, 1986. p. 4. Section D.
  25. ^ '26 Wiz Stores Will Be Closed in 2 Months", The New York Times, August 19, 2002. Accessed February 10, 2021.
  26. ^ Karsian, Dillon. "Garden State Plaza Reshaped Landscape" Archived October 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Retail Traffic, May 1, 1999. Accessed February 11, 2011. "In May 1990, Nordstrom debuted in New Jersey by constructing a $37 million, 272,000 sq. ft., three-level store on the former Gimbel's site."
  27. ^ Isadore, Barmash (January 12, 1989). "Lord & Taylor to Bolster Presence in New Jersey". The New York Times.
  28. ^ Garden State Plaza carousel stops spinning. "NorthJersey.com". Accessed February 2, 2016. "The carousel at Westfield Garden State Plaza in Paramus has twirled for the last time. The popular parent and tot attraction at New Jersey’s largest mall closed on Saturday, with a sign posted by the ride’s owner, Indoor Entertainment, and the mall owner, Westfield, saying, basically, thanks for the merry-go-round memories.... The space occupied by the double-decker carousel will be used by the Bergen Performing Arts Center for shows and performances designed to promote arts in Bergen County."
  29. ^ Gutis, Philip S. "The Talk of Garden State Plaza; Scene at Mall in Jersey: Toys, Tinsel and Frenzy", The New York Times, November 18, 1987. Accessed February 11, 2011. "Mr. Bacon, who took over as general manager after Westfield Inc., an Australia-based developer purchased Garden State Plaza from Macy's last year, said attracting customers to the malls is no real problem. Two million people, he said, live within a 10-mile radius."
  30. ^ Greer, Kimberly. "3 Macy's Centers to Be Sold To Australian Company", Newsday, November 7, 1986. Accessed February 11, 2011.
  31. ^ Verdon, Joan. "These aren't your mother's shopping malls", The Record, February 11, 2007. Accessed February 13, 2021. "Westfield Garden State Plaza in Paramus, the region's largest mall, with more than 2 million square feet of stores, has decided that today's malls don't live by shopping alone. It is adding a 163,000-square-foot "entertainment lifestyle precinct." It will include a 16-screen movie theater with stadium seating, a restaurant and 10 specialty retailers, including 'experiential' stores where shoppers are encouraged to try out the merchandise before they buy."
  32. ^ Gartland, Michael. "Epic theater to play its final reel". The Record, May 19, 2007. Accessed February 14, 2021.
  33. ^ "Indoor Parking Garage At Westfield Garden State Plaza", November 17, 2013. Accessed November 15, 2015.
  34. ^ "Photos: New $160 million opens at Garden State Plaza", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com. Accessed November 15, 2015.
  35. ^ Verdon, Joan. "Best Buy relocation creates opening for new moves at Garden State Plaza", The Record, January 17, 2018. Accessed January 27, 2018. "The freestanding Best Buy store in the parking lot of Westfield Garden State Plaza in Paramus will be empty soon, and that will give New Jersey's largest mall an opportunity to make some new moves.Best Buy is preparing to relocate to the mall next door, The Outlets at Bergen Town Center, in a new building under construction in the east section of that mall, on Forest Avenue."
  36. ^ Attrino, Anthony G. "J.C. Penney quietly closing another N.J. store after 60 years at mall", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 26, 2017. Accessed January 27, 2018. "J.C. Penney, an anchor for 60 years at the Westfield Garden State Plaza in Paramus, will close on March 10, according to a recording on the store's phone line.... After its 1958 Paramus opening, the Westfield Garden State Plaza -- located on Route 17 near Route 4 -- expanded and grew around the retailer, NorthJersey.com reported. The store was remodeled in 2012 and 2013, according to the report."
  37. ^ Joan Verdon (January 26, 2018). "Paramus JCPenney Department Store At Garden State Plaza to Close March 10". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  38. ^ "Uniqlo clothing chain preparing to move to Paramus Park mall". North Jersey. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  39. ^ "Garden State Plaza's sweeping overhaul plan draws mixed reaction locally". North Jersey. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  40. ^ Bhattarai, Abha (July 18, 2019). "Toys R Us is back from the dead, but its new stores are unrecognizable". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  41. ^ Valinsky, Jordan (July 18, 2019). "Toys 'R' Us is coming back to the United States". CNN. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  42. ^ Thomas, Lauren (January 29, 2021). "Toys R Us' last two stores in the U.S. are closed for good". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  43. ^ Bomey, Nathan (August 27, 2020). "Lord & Taylor going out of business: Store closings, liquidation sales begin". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  44. ^ Brennan, John. "11 things you might not know about Bergen County's blue laws", The Record, June 23, 2017. Accessed January 28, 2018. "A key moment in time was the 1959 vote to allow each of New Jersey's 21 counties to make individual decisions on blue laws. Ten counties preferred the status quo — at first. Hudson County voters decided in 1985 to become the 20th of 21 counties to repeal the state's blue laws."
  45. ^ Chapter 391: Sunday Activities, Borough of Paramus. Accessed February 10, 2021.
  46. ^ Staff. "Sunday Selling Plaguing Jersey; Local Businesses Pushing Fight Against Activities of Stores on Highways", The New York Times, June 2, 1957. Accessed January 27, 2018.
  47. ^ Sullivan, S. P. "Bergen blue laws are back: Paramus mayor says Gov. Christie has reinstated Sunday shopping ban", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, November 13, 2012. Accessed January 28, 2018. "Gov. Chris Christie is expected to lift a temporary suspension of Bergen County's blue laws Tuesday, Mayor Richard LaBarbiera said.... Christie had issued an executive order suspending the decades-old ban on Sunday retail shopping in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, allowing stores throughout the county that normally would have to remain closed to sell their wares on Sunday. The executive order caused a legal tussle, though, when officials in Paramus — where mall traffic is heavy and blue laws remain popular — announced they'd still be enforcing their own blue laws."
  48. ^ Bergen County System Map, NJ Transit. Accessed March 9, 2018.
  49. ^ Richard Shoop, New Jersey Shooting Suspect, Found Dead. "The Huffington Post". Accessed July 31, 2015.
  50. ^ New Jersey mall gunman found dead hours after shooting- CNN.com. Accessed July 31, 2015.
  51. ^ Sullivan, Tricia. Maul, Publishers Weekly. Accessed July 6, 2018.
  52. ^ Parrilo, Rosemary. "The Locations", The Star-Ledger, March 4, 2001. Accessed September 10, 2013.
  53. ^ Nash, Margo. "Footlights; All About A, And Don't Forget Z", The New York Times, September 4, 2005. Accessed July 19, 2019. "When it came time to choose a shopping center, the video's makers headed, quite naturally, to New Jersey. Mr. Colbert, dressed as a big blue letter Z, and Ms. Sullivan, appearing as a big red A, are shown in the video ambling around the Garden State Mall [sic], asking people if they know any words with their letters in them. Ms. Sullivan got a lot more responses than Mr. Colbert."

External links[]

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