The protein encoded by this gene is an endogenous calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease) inhibitor. It consists of an N-terminal domain L and four repetitive calpain-inhibition domains (domains 1–4), and it is involved in the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein.[citation needed] The calpain/calpastatin system is involved in numerous membrane fusion events, such as neural vesicle exocytosis and platelet and red-cell aggregation. The encoded protein is also thought to affect the expression levels of genes encoding structural or regulatory proteins. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length natures of only some have been determined.[8]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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^Averna M, De Tullio R, Capini P, Salamino F, Pontremoli S, Melloni E (Dec 2003). "Changes in calpastatin localization and expression during calpain activation: a new mechanism for the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis". Cell Mol Life Sci. 60 (12): 2669–78. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3288-0. PMID14685690. S2CID23794801.
^Raynaud P, Jayat-Vignoles C, Laforet MP, Leveziel H, Amarger V (Apr 2005). "Four promoters direct expression of the calpastatin gene". Arch Biochem Biophys. 437 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.02.026. PMID15820218.
Inazawa J, Nakagawa H, Misawa S, et al. (1991). "Assignment of the human calpastatin gene (CAST) to chromosome 5 at region q14----q22". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (3–4): 156–8. doi:10.1159/000132982. PMID2265559.
Uemori T, Shimojo T, Asada K, et al. (1990). "Characterization of a functional domain of human calpastatin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166 (3): 1485–93. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91035-Q. PMID2407243.
Murachi T, Takano E, Maki M, et al. (1990). "Cloning and expression of the genes for calpains and calpastatins". Biochem. Soc. Symp. 55: 29–44. PMID2559735.
Asada K, Ishino Y, Shimada M, et al. (1991). "cDNA cloning of human calpastatin: sequence homology among human, pig, and rabbit calpastatins". J. Enzym. Inhib. 3 (1): 49–56. doi:10.3109/14756368909030363. PMID2577276.
Pontremoli S, Salamino F, Sparatore B, et al. (1989). "Characterization of the calpastatin defect in erythrocytes from patients with essential hypertension". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157 (3): 867–74. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80955-0. PMID2849943.
Wei SG, Wang LF, Miao SY, et al. (1995). "Expression of the calpastatin gene segment during spermiogenesis in human testis: an in situ hybridization study". Arch. Androl. 34 (1): 9–12. doi:10.3109/01485019508987826. PMID7710300.
Wang LF, Wei SG, Miao SY, et al. (1994). "Calpastatin gene in human testis". Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 33 (2): 245–51. PMID7951045.
Fujitani K, Kambayashi J, Sakon M, et al. (1997). "Identification of mu-, m-calpains and calpastatin and capture of mu-calpain activation in endothelial cells". J. Cell. Biochem. 66 (2): 197–209. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19970801)66:2<197::AID-JCB7>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID9213221.
Wang KK, Posmantur R, Nadimpalli R, et al. (1998). "Caspase-mediated fragmentation of calpain inhibitor protein calpastatin during apoptosis". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 356 (2): 187–96. doi:10.1006/abbi.1998.0748. PMID9705209. S2CID11593624.