Cebu City Council

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Cebu City Council

Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Cebu
15th Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Cebu
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Unicameral
Term limits
3 terms (9 years)
History
FoundedFebruary 24, 1937
Leadership
Presiding Officer
Donaldo Hontiveros, PDP–Laban
since 20 November 2021
Presiding Officer pro tempore
Eduardo Rama Jr., PDP–Laban
since 29 July 2020
Majority Leader
Raymond Alvin Garcia, PDP–Laban
since 2 July 2019
Minority Leader
Nestor Archival, LDP
since 2 July 2019
Structure
Seats
  • 18 councilors
  • 1 ex officio presiding officer
15th Cebu City Council makeup.svg
Political groups
Majority bloc (9):
  •   PDP–Laban (7)
  •   LDP (1)
  •   NP (1)

Minority bloc (8):

  •   LDP (6)
  •   Nonpartisan (2)
Vacant (1)
Length of term
3 years
Authority
  • Cebu City Charter
  • Local Government Code of the Philippines
Elections
Last election
May 13, 2019
Next election
May 9, 2022
Meeting place
Cebu City Council Recess.jpg
  • Dona Eva Macaraeg-Macapagal Session Hall
  • 4th Floor, Legislative Building
  • Cebu City Hall
Website
https://www.cebucity.gov.ph

The Cebu City Council (Filipino: Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Cebu) is the legislature of Cebu City, Philippines. The legislative body is composed of 18 councilors, with 16 councilors elected from Cebu City's two councilor districts[1] and two elected from the ranks of barangay (neighborhood) chairmen and the Sangguniang Kabataan (youth councils).[2] The council's presiding officer is the vice-mayor (elected by the city).[3] The council is responsible for creating laws and ordinances under the jurisdiction of Cebu City.[3][4] Although the mayor can veto proposed bills, the council can override the veto with a two-thirds supermajority.[2]

History[]

In 1937, four municipalities (including Cebu) were officially converted into cities. With the largest population and number of registered voters at the time, Cebu City was allocated eight members for its city council. On February 24, 1937, at the promulgation of the Cebu City charter, the eight inaugural members of the council were sworn in: Jose P. Nolasco, Dominador Abella, Diego Cañizares, Leandro Tojong, Manuel Roa, Felipe Pacaña, Regino Mercado and Jose Fortich.[5]

On December 10, 1940, eight members were elected to the council: Leandro A. Tojong, Juan Zamora, Honorato S. Hermosisima, Florencio Urot, Florentino D. Tecson, Ramon U. Abellanosa, Cecilio dela Victoria, and Numeriano Estenzo. Their election was confirmed in Executive Order No. 315, s. 1940, signed on December 28, 1940, by President Manuel Quezon.[6][7]

The post-war city council was convened on July 1, 1945, and was composed of Honorato S. Hermosisima, Cecilio dela Victoria, Florencio S. Urot, Numeriano G. Estenzo, Eugenio G. Corro, Canuto O. Borromeo, Alfonso S. Frias and Miguel Sanson. On July 5, 1945, Cebu City Ordinance No. 1, "An Ordinance regulating the establishment and maintenance of cockpits in the City of Cebu", was passed; the city's first ordinance, it was also the first cockpit ordinance in the Philippines and was authored by Councilor Cecilio dela Victoria.[8] Another ordinance was Cebu City Ordinance No. 4, "An Ordinance Appropriating Funds for the necessary expenses of the Government of the City of Cebu during the period from July first Nineteen Hundred Forty-Five to September Thirtieth Nineteen Hundred Forty-Five, and for other purposes". In this appropriation ordinance, the total per diems for the eight council members was ₱2,680.[9]

Seat[]

Legislative Building of the Cebu City Hall

The council sits at Cebu City Hall, meeting in the Dona Eva Macaraeg-Macapagal Session Hall of the Cebu City Legislative Building (CCLB). The renovated CCLB was inaugurated on July 24, 2008, by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, assisted by Cebu City Mayor Tomas Osmeña and Vice Mayor Michael Rama. The building cost ₱120 million to renovate, ₱15 million of which came from the Philippine Tourism Authority (now TIEZA).[10]

The hall was named for Eva Macaraeg-Macapagal, the mother of former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.[11]

During its September 3, 2019 session, the city council approved an ordinance institutionalizing the conduct of regular and special sessions outside of its current session hall. These sessions would also be aired live on the official Facebook page of the Cebu City's Public Information Office (PIO).[12][13]

Membership[]

Each of Cebu City's two councilor districts elects eight members of the council. In plurality-at-large voting, a voter may vote for up to eight candidates and the candidates with the eight highest numbers of votes are elected.[1] Barangay and SK chairs throughout the city each elect a representative to the council, for a total of 18 councilors.[14] City-council elections are synchronized with other elections in the country, which have been held on the second Monday of May every third year since 1992.[15]

Blocs[]

See also: 2019 Cebu City local elections

As of July 2, 2019, the council is divided into two blocs: the Majority Bloc and the Minority Bloc. The Majority Bloc is composed primarily of councilors who won under BARUG-PDP-Laban (formerly known as Team Rama), and the Minority Bloc is composed mainly of councilors who won under BOPK-LDP (also known as Bando Osmeña-Pundok Kauswagan).[14]

Eight of the council's 16 generally-elected seats were won by BOPK-allied councilors in the 2019 elections.[16] However, just a few months after the proclamation, the candidacy certificates (COCs) of the winning candidates in the 1st (North) District – Alvin Arcilla and Sisinio Andales – were cancelled by the Commission on Elections, however, allowing Councilors Jerry Guardo and Joel Garganera to take their places.[17][18] Councilor David Tumulak, who won for the BOPK-Nacionalista Party, aligned himself with the Majority Bloc.[19]

2019-2022 membership[]

Councilor Party District Terms Bloc
Local National No. Starts Ends
Ong, Franklyn O. Nonpartisan LNB [a] 1 July 30, 2018 January 1, 2023 Minority
Resch, Jessica P. Nonpartisan SK [b] 1 May 29, 2018 January 1, 2023 Minority
Alcoseba, Raul D. BOPK LDP[20] South 1 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2022 Minority
Archival, Nestor D. BOPK LDP[20] North 1 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2022 Minority
Cuenco, James Anthony R. BARUG PDP-Laban[21] South — September 15, 2020 [c] June 30, 2022 Majority
Dizon, Alvin M. BOPK LDP[23] North 1 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2022 Minority
Gabuya, Eugenio Jr. F. BOPK LDP[20] South 3 June 30, 2013 June 30, 2022 Minority
Garcia, Raymond Alvin N. BARUG PDP-Laban[23] North 2 June 30, 2016 June 30, 2022 Majority
Garganera, Joel C. [d] BARUG PDP-Laban[23] North 2 June 30, 2016 June 30, 2022 Majority
Guardo, Jerry L. [e] BOPK LDP[20] North 2 June 30, 2016 June 30, 2022 Majority [f]
Japson, Lea O. BOPK LDP[20] North 1 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2022 Minority
Mabatid, Prisca Niña O. BARUG PDP-Laban[23] North 1 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2022 Majority
Osmeña, Renato Jr. Z. BARUG PDP-Laban[23] South 1 December 6, 2017 [g] June 30, 2022 Majority
Pesquera, Jocelyn G. [h] BARUG PDP-Laban[23] South — TBD June 30, 2022 Majority
Rama, Eduardo Jr. R. BARUG PDP-Laban[23] South 2 June 30, 2016 June 30, 2022 Majority
Tumulak, David F. BOPK NP[19] South 3 June 30, 2013 June 30, 2022 Majority [i]
Young, Joy Augustus G. BOPK LDP[20] North 2 June 30, 2016 June 30, 2022 Minority
Zafra, Phillip S. BARUG PDP-Laban[23] South 1 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2022 Majority
Former members
Notes
  1. ^ The President of the Liga ng mga Barangay (LNB, also known as the Association of Barangay Councils or ABC) in Cebu City is an ex-officio member of the Sangguniang Panlungsod.
  2. ^ The President of the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation (SKF) in Cebu City is an ex-officio member of the Sangguniang Panlungsod.
  3. ^ Councilor James Anthony Cuenco was nominated to succeed his father, Antonio Cuenco, who died on June 27, 2020.[22]
  4. ^ Councilor Joel Garganera placed 10th in the 2019 elections, but when Councilor Sisinio Andales was disqualified he placed eighth in the official tally.[17][24]
  5. ^ Guardo placed ninth in the 2019 elections, but when Councilor Alvin Arcilla was disqualified, he placed seventh in the official tally.[18][25]
  6. ^ Councilor Jerry Guardo ran under BOPK-LDP, but aligned himself with the majority bloc.[26][27][14]
  7. ^ Osmeña was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte to finish Councilor Nendell Hanz Abella's term when Abella was appointed as a commissioner representing the workers' sector of the seventh division of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC).[28][29][30]
  8. ^ Pesquera was named as the replacement of Councilor Donaldo Hontiveros as the latter became vice mayor.[31][32]
  9. ^ Tumulak ran under BOPK-NP, but aligned himself with the majority bloc.[19][14]
  10. ^ Councilor Antonio Cuenco died on June 27, 2020.[33]
Summary by party
Party Total %
PDP–Laban 7 38.9%
LDP 7 38.9%
Nacionalista 1 5.6%
Vacant 1 5.6%
Nonpartisan 2 11.1%
Total 18 100%
Summary
Presiding officer
Seats 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1st (North)
2nd (South)
Ex officio

Definition of simple majority[]

In an omnibus resolution, Majority Floor Leader James Anthony Cuenco and the BARUG Team Rama council members moved to declare all positions in the Council vacant (including the presiding officer pro tempore, majority floor leader, 1st assistant majority floor leader, 2nd assistant majority floor leader and the chairs and members of all standing and ad hoc committees) on June 20, 2017. This was in response to the change in affiliation of BARUG Team Rama councilors David Tumulak, Nendell Hanz Abella and Jerry Guardo to BOPK, making it the council's majority bloc.[35] For several weeks, no committee chairs were elected because of disagreements about what constituted a simple majority. The presiding officer, Vice Mayor Edgardo Labella, met with Councilors Margarita Osmeña and James Anthony Cuenco and they agreed to seek the opinion of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).[36]

A July 24, 2017 DILG opinion stated that the City Council presiding officer should not be included in the count determining the council's majority bloc, citing the August 3, 2016 Supreme Court ruling in Tobias Javier vs. Rhodora Cadiao, et al.: "The Vice Governor, as the Presiding Officer, shall be considered a part of the SP for purposes of ascertaining if a quorum exists. In determining the number which constitutes as the majority vote, the Vice Governor is excluded. The Vice Governor's right to vote is merely contingent and arises only when there is a tie to break." The vice governor is the presiding officer of a provincial board, and the vice mayor is the presiding officer of a city (or municipal) council.[37]

Officers[]

Position Officer[38][14]
Presiding officer Vice Mayor Donaldo Hontiveros
Presiding officer pro tempore Eduardo Rama Jr.[39]
Majority leader Raymond Alvin Garcia
1st assistant majority leader Phillip Zafra
2nd assistant majority leader Joel Garganera[39]
Minority leader Nestor Archival
Assistant minority leader Joy Augustus Young

Powers, duties, and functions[]

The council, as the city's legislative body, is mandated by the Local Government Code of 1991 to enact ordinances; approve resolutions; appropriate funds for the welfare of the city and its inhabitants (pursuant to Section 16 of the Local Government Code), and ensure the proper exercise of the city's corporate powers (as provided under Section 22 of the Local Government Code). It has the following duties and functions:[2]

  • Approving ordinances and passing resolutions necessary for an efficient and effective city government;
  • Generating and maximizing the use of resources and revenue for the city's development plans, program objectives and priorities as provided for under Section 18 of the Local Government Code, with particular attention to agricultural and industrial development and citywide growth and progress;
  • Enacting ordinances granting franchises and authorizing the issuance of permits or licenses, subject to Book II of the Local Government Code;
  • Regulating activities related to land use, buildings, and other structures in the city to promote the general welfare of its inhabitants;
  • Approving ordinances which ensure the efficient delivery of basic services and facilities as provided under Section 17 of the Local Government Code, and
  • Exercising other powers and performing other duties and functions as prescribed by law.

Committees[]

2020–2021[]

New officers were elected on July 29, 2020. Ad hoc committees for the Cebu City Medical Center and for the online session were also created.[40][39]

Committee Party Chair Bloc
Agriculture and Rural Development PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Barangay Affairs Nonpartisan Franklyn Ong Minority
Budget and Finance PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Cebu City Medical Center (Ad hoc) UNA Vice Mayor Michael Rama Majority
Disaster Risk Reduction Management, Safety and Climate Change Adaptation Nacionalista David Tumulak Majority
Education, Science and Technology UNA Vice Mayor Michael Rama Majority
Environment and Natural Resources PDP–Laban Joel Garganera Majority
Games and Amusements PDP–Laban Donaldo Hontiveros Majority
Health, Hospital Services and Sanitation UNA Vice Mayor Michael Rama Majority
House Rules and Oversight PDP–Laban Phillip Zafra Majority
Housing PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Information and Communications Technology PDP–Laban Eduardo Rama Jr. Majority
Infrastructure LDP Jerry Guardo Majority
Labor, Employment, Cooperative and Livelihood PDP–Laban Prisca Niña Mabatid Majority
Laws, Ordinances and Styling PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Markets PDP–Laban Renato Osmeña Jr. Majority
Online Session (Ad hoc) TBD TBD
Public Order PDP–Laban Phillip Zafra Majority
Public Services PDP–Laban Eduardo Rama Jr. Majority
Scholarship Program PDP–Laban Donaldo Hontiveros Majority
Sister Cities Relations and Big Brother Program PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Social Services PDP–Laban Eduardo Rama Jr. Majority
Tourism, Arts and Culture PDP–Laban Prisca Niña Mabatid Majority
Trade, Commerce and Entrepreneurship PDP–Laban Renato Osmeña Jr. Majority
Transportation, Communication, Energy and Other Utilities PDP–Laban James Anthony Cuenco[41] Majority
Urban Planning PDP–Laban Joel Garganera Majority
Women and Family Affairs PDP–Laban Prisca Niña Mabatid Majority
Youth and Sports Development Nonpartisan Jessica Resch Minority

2019–2020[]

There were 27 standing committees as of July 14, 2019:[42][43]

Committee Party Chair Bloc[38][44]
Agriculture and Rural Development PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Barangay Affairs Nonpartisan Franklyn Ong Minority
Budget and Finance PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Disaster Risk Reduction Management, Safety and Climate Change Adaptation Nacionalista David Tumulak Majority
Education, Science and Technology PDP–Laban Vacant[33]
Environment and Natural Resources UNA Vice Mayor Michael Rama Majority
Games and Amusements PDP–Laban Donaldo Hontiveros Majority
Health, Hospital Services and Sanitation UNA Vice Mayor Michael Rama Majority
House Rules and Oversight PDP–Laban Phillip Zafra Majority
Housing PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Information and Communications Technology PDP–Laban Eduardo Rama Jr. Majority
Infrastructure LDP Jerry Guardo Majority
Labor, Employment, Cooperative and Livelihood LDP Jerry Guardo Majority
Laws, Ordinances and Styling PDP–Laban Raymond Alvin Garcia Majority
Markets PDP–Laban Renato Osmeña Jr. Majority
PAGCOR Funds and Gaming Licenses (Ad hoc) PDP–Laban Renato Osmeña Jr. Majority
Public Order PDP–Laban Phillip Zafra Majority
Public Services PDP–Laban Eduardo Rama Jr. Majority
Scholarship Program PDP–Laban Donaldo Hontiveros Majority
Sister Cities Relations and Big Brother Program UNA Vice Mayor Michael Rama Majority
Social Services PDP–Laban Eduardo Rama Jr. Majority
Tourism, Arts and Culture UNA Vice Mayor Michael Rama Majority
Trade, Commerce and Entrepreneurship PDP–Laban Renato Osmeña Jr. Majority
Transportation, Communication, Energy and Other Utilities PDP–Laban Vacant[33]
Urban Planning PDP–Laban Phillip Zafra Majority
Women and Family Affairs PDP–Laban Prisca Niña Mabatid Majority
Youth and Sports Development Nonpartisan Jessica Resch Minority

Past councils[]

2016-2019[]

Edgardo Labella
Presiding Officer of 13th & 14th Sangguniang Panlungsod

Sixty-seven ordinances and over 4,600 resolutions were passed by the 14th council from 2016 to 2019. Eugenio Gabuya, Jr. had the largest number of approved ordinances of the 18 city legislators, and Margarita Osmeña had the largest number of approved resolutions. Sisinio Andales had perfect attendance during the council's 116 regular sessions.[45]

  • Edgardo Labella (presiding officer)
  • Alvin Arcilla
  • Mary Ann De Los Santos
  • Sisinio Andales
  • Joy Augustus Young
  • Jerry Guardo
  • Raymond Alvin Garcia
  • Pastor Alcover Jr.
  • Joel Garganera
  • David Tumulak
  • Margarita Osmeña
  • Eduardo Rama Jr.
  • Jose Daluz III
  • Nendell Hanz Abella (replaced by Renato Osmeña, Jr. after his appointment to the NLRC)[28]
  • Eugenio Gabuya Jr.
  • James Anthony Cuenco (replaced by Erik Miguel Espina after his dismissal from service)[46]
  • Jocelyn Pesquera
  • Phillip Zafra (LNB)

2013-2016[]

On May 17, 2016, the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) served a six-month preventive suspension order against Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama, Vice Mayor Edgardo Labella and 12 councilors for "grave abuse of authority."[47] They allegedly received a ₱20,000 calamity fund, although they had not suffered in Super Typhoon Yolanda and the magnitude 7.2 earthquake which struck Cebu in 2013. Not included in the suspension order were Councilors Margarita Osmeña, Lea Ouano-Japson, Richard Osmeña, James Anthony Cuenco and Philip Zafra. Osmeña temporarily served as acting mayor and Japson as acting vice-mayor until June 30, 2016.[47]

  • Edgardo Labella (presiding officer; assumed by Lea Japson on May 17, 2016)
  • Nestor Archival
  • Mary Ann De Los Santos
  • Alvin Arcilla
  • Sisinio Andales
  • Lea Ouano-Japson
  • Alvin Dizon
  • Ma. Nida Cabrera
  • Noel Eleuterio Wenceslao
  • Margarita Osmeña
  • Gerardo Carillo
  • Eugenio Gabuya Jr.
  • David Tumulak
  • Roberto Cabarrubias
  • James Anthony Cuenco
  • Nendell Hanz Abella
  • Richard Osmeña
  • Phillip Zafra (LNB)
  • John Philip Po II (SK)

2010-2013[]

The 12th council conducted its first regular offsite sessions in Barangays Bonbon, Guba and Luz on October 12 and 26, 2011 and August 15, 2012, respectively.[48] The council went paperless on July 20, 2011, with councilors using their laptops (their own or issued by the city) for the regular session; this maintained the city's environmentally-friendly stance and saved money.[49]

Notable ordinances passed by the council included City Ordinances No. 2339, which prohibited discrimination in the city on the basis of disability, age, health status, sexual orientation, gender identity, ethnicity or religion;[50][51] No. 2343, which phased out single-use plastic products in the city[52] and No. 2326, giving the elderly and people with disabilities free parking in malls, hospitals and other establishments.[53]

  • Joy Augustus Young (presiding officer)
  • Edgardo Labella
  • Augustus Pe Jr.
  • Alvin Arcilla
  • Sisinio Andales
  • Lea Ouano-Japson
  • Alvin Dizon
  • Noel Eleuterio Wenceslao
  • Ma. Nida Cabrera
  • Rodrigo Abellanosa
  • Margarita Osmeña
  • Eduardo Rama Jr.
  • Jose Daluz III
  • Raul Alcoseba
  • Ronald Cuenco
  • Richard Osmeña
  • Roberto Cabarrubias
  • Michael Ralota (LNB)
  • John Philip Po II (SK)

2007-2010[]

Michael Rama
Presiding Officer of 9th, 10th & 11th Sangguniang Panlungsod

The 11th council received two Local Legislative Awards in the Highly Urbanized or Independent Component Cities category for the substance of enacted legislation, efficiency of its records staff, completeness of the Agenda, Journals, and Minutes Division and the availability of facilities and amenities in the session hall.[54]

  • Michael Rama (presiding officer)
  • Hilario Davide III
  • Nestor Archival
  • Edgardo Labella
  • Sylvan Jakosalem
  • Christopher Alix
  • Edwin Jagmoc
  • Lea Ouano-Japson
  • Augustus Pe Jr.
  • Rodrigo Abellanosa
  • Raul Alcoseba
  • Gerardo Carillo
  • Jose Daluz III
  • Arsenio Pacaña
  • Eduardo Rama Jr.
  • Richard Osmeña
  • Roberto Cabarrubias
  • Eugenio Faelnar Jr. (LNB)
  • Rengelle Pelayo (SK)

2004-2007[]

  • Michael Rama (presiding officer)
  • Hilario Davide III
  • Nestor Archival
  • Sylvan Jakosalem
  • Edgardo Labella
  • Christopher Alix
  • Gabriel Leyson
  • Edwin Jagmoc
  • Augustus Pe Jr.
  • Rodrigo Abellanosa
  • Eduardo Rama Jr.
  • Gerardo Carillo
  • Arsenio Pacaña
  • Jocelyn Pesquera
  • Procopio Fernandez
  • Raul Alcoseba
  • Jose Daluz III
  • Eugenio Faelnar Jr. (LNB)
  • Glena Bontuyan (SK)

2001-2004[]

  • Michael Rama (presiding officer)
  • Nestor Archival
  • Christopher Alix
  • Carmelita Piramide
  • Danilo Fernan
  • Sylvan Jakosalem
  • Dana Ruiz Sesante
  • Vicente Kintanar Jr.
  • Manuel Legaspi
  • Jocelyn Pesquera
  • Procopio Fernandez
  • Eugenio Gabuya Jr.
  • Gerardo Carillo
  • Arsenio Pacaña
  • George Rama
  • Gabriel Leyson
  • Jose Navarro (LNB until 2002)
  • Eugenio Faelnar Jr. (LNB 2002–2004)
  • Glena Bontuyan (SK)

1998-2001[]

City Ordinance No. 1726, establishing the Cebu City Commission for the Welfare and Protection of Children, was passed by this council.[55]

  • Renato Osmeña (presiding officer)
  • Franklin Seno
  • Michael Rama
  • Rogelio Osmeña
  • Ronald Cuenco
  • Firmo Dayao
  • Ernesto Elizondo
  • Rodolfo Estella
  • Procopio Fernandez
  • Eugenio Gabuya Jr.
  • Edgardo Labella
  • Manuel Legaspi
  • Dante Luzon
  • Laurito Malinao
  • Ananias Ouano
  • Jocelyn Pesquera
  • Felixberto Rosito
  • Fe Mantua-Ruiz
  • Jose Navarro (LNB)
  • Anthony Jones Luy (SK)

1995-1998[]

City Ordinance No. 1656, revising the city's comprehensive zoning regulations, was passed by this council.[56]

  • Renato Osmeña (presiding officer)
  • Rodolfo Cabrera
  • Jessie Aznar
  • Ruben de la Cerna
  • Eleno Abellana
  • Christopher Alix
  • Manuel Concepcion
  • Ronald Cuenco
  • Rico Rey Francis Holganza
  • Gabriel Leyson
  • Laurito Malinao
  • Rogelio Osmeña
  • Arnulfo Ravina
  • Felixberto Rosito
  • Fe Mantua-Ruiz
  • Joy Augustus Young
  • Michael Rama
  • Ananias Ouano (LNB)
  • Anthony Jones Luy (SK)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Congress of the Philippines (6 November 1987). "Republic Act No. 6636 - An Act resetting the local elections from November 9, 1987 to January 18, 1988, amending for this purpose Executive Order numbered two hundred and seventy". The Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
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  4. ^ "Revised Charter of the City of Cebu". Article III, Republic Act No. 3857 of 10 June 1964. Philippine House of Representatives. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
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  11. ^ "PGMA inaugurates Cebu City's new session hall named after her late mother Doña Eva". Philippine Information Agency. 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
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  13. ^ Delta Dyrecka Letigio (22 October 2019). "Rama's 100 days as Cebu City vice mayor: 3 ordinances passed, 70 proposed by dads". CDN Digital. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  14. ^ a b c d e Delta Dyrecka Letigio (2019-07-02). "Partido Barug takes control of Cebu City Council". CDN Digital. Archived from the original on 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2019-08-17.
  15. ^ "R.A. 7160". lawphil.net. The LawPhil Project. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  16. ^ Odessa O. Leyson (2019-05-15). "BOPK councilors dominate Cebu City council". The Freeman. Archived from the original on 2019-08-19. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  17. ^ a b "Andales out, panday Joel in | Sunstar.com.ph". sunstar.com.ph. Archived from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  18. ^ a b "Final: Arcilla out, Guardo in | Philstar.com". philstar.com. Archived from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  19. ^ a b c Jean Marvette A. Demecillo, Odessa O. Leyson (2019-06-22). "Councilor Tumulak shifts allegiance to Labella". The Freeman. Archived from the original on 2019-08-17. Retrieved 2019-08-17.
  20. ^ a b c d e f Morexette Marie B. Erram (13 October 2018). "Tomas picks Mary Ann as running mate for 2019". CDN Digital. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  21. ^ Letigio, Delta Dyrecka (July 8, 2020). "James Cuenco nominated to replace father in Cebu City Council". CDN Digital. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  22. ^ Letigio, Delta Dyrecka (September 17, 2020). "James Cuenco joins Cebu City Council in return to on-site sessions". CDN Digital. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h Odessa O. Leyson & Lorraine Mitzi A. Ambrad (15 October 2018). "PDP-Laban bares bets". The Freeman. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
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