List of legislatures of the Philippines
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The Philippines has been governed by legislatures since 1898. The country has had different setups, with legislatures under the presidential system and the parliamentary system, and with legislatures having one or two chambers.
The first national legislature in the Philippines was the Malolos Congress that convened in the Barasoain Church at Malolos, Bulacan. Convened after the declaration of independence from Spain at the height of the Philippine Revolution, the Congress ratified the declaration, and drafted a constitution. With the capture of President Emilio Aguinaldo during the ensuing Philippine–American War, the unrecognized First Philippine Republic fell.
The Americans then sent several commissions to assess the situation; these eventually became the Philippine Commission. With the passage of the Philippine Bill of 1902, the Philippine Commission eventually became an appointive upper house of the new Philippine Legislature, of which the wholly elected Philippine Assembly was the lower house. The passage of the Philippine Autonomy Act instituted a mostly elective Senate as the upper house, with the House of Representatives as the lower house. This set up continued until the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines was set into force, creating a unicameral National Assembly under the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Amendments that took effect in 1941 restored the bicameral setup, creating the Commonwealth Congress. However, World War II intervened, and legislators elected in 1941 were not be able to serve. The invading Japanese set up the Second Philippine Republic that convened its own National Assembly.
The Allies reconquered the Philippines and the legislators elected in 1941 who are either still alive or are not arrested for collaboration convened in 1945. The Americans granted independence on July 4, 1946, and the Commonwealth Congress was renamed as Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. This will continue until the declaration of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos on September 23, 1972, which effectively dissolved Congress. Marcos then exercised legislative power; his 1973 Constitution created the unicameral Batasang Pambansa, a parliament. The Batasang Pambansa first convened in 1978, and will continue to exist until the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew Marcos from power. President Corazon Aquino appointed a constitutional commission that drafted the 1987 Constitution which restored the bicameral Congress with the presidential system of government.
List[]
Per legislative term[]
# | Legislature | Upper house | Lower (or sole) house | First convened | Era | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | # | Name | Election date | Election results | Total seats |
Name | Election | Results | Total seats | |||
1 | Malolos Congress | Unicameral assembly | Revolutionary Congress | June 23 to September 10, 1898 | 68 nonpartisan | 136 | September 15, 1898 | Revolutionary government | ||||
Assembly of Representatives | First Republic | |||||||||||
2 | Taft Commission | 2nd | Unicameral assembly | Philippine Commission | Unelected | 5–8 | March 16, 1900 | U.S. military government | ||||
U.S. Insular Government | ||||||||||||
3 | Philippine Legislature | 1st | Philippine Commission | Unelected | 8–9 | Philippine Assembly | July 30, 1907 | 59 Nacionalista 16 Progresista 5 others |
80 | October 16, 1907 | ||
4 | 2nd | 9–10 | November 2, 1909 | 62 Nacionalista 17 Progresista 2 independent |
81 | March 28, 1910 | ||||||
5 | 3rd | 7–8 | June 4, 1912 | 62 Nacionalista 16 Progresista 3 independent |
81 | October 16, 1912 | ||||||
6 | 4th | Senate | October 3, 1916 | 20 Nacionalista 1 Progresista |
24 | House of Representatives | June 6, 1916 | 75 Nacionalista 7 Progresista 2 Democrata 6 independent |
90 | October 16, 1916 | ||
7 | 5th | June 3, 1919 | 10 Nacionalista 1 Democrata |
24 | June 3, 1919 | 83 Nacionalista 4 Democrata 3 independent |
90 | October 16, 1919 | ||||
8 | 6th | June 6, 1922 | 4 Colectivista 4 Democrata 3 Unipersonalista |
24 | June 6, 1922 | 35 Colectivista 29 Unipersonalista 26 Democrata 3 independent |
93 | July 21, 1922 | ||||
9 | 7th | June 2, 1925 | 7 Nacionalista 4 Democrata |
24 | June 2, 1925 | 64 Nacionalista 22 Democrata 6 independent |
92 | July 16, 1925 | ||||
10 | 8th | June 5, 1928 | 9 Nacionalista 2 Democrata |
24 | June 5, 1928 | 71 Nacionalista 16 Democrata 7 independent |
94 | July 16, 1928 | ||||
11 | 9th | June 2, 1931 | 7 Nacionalista 4 Democrata |
24 | June 2, 1931 | 68 Nacionalista 13 Democrata 5 independent |
86 | July 16, 1931 | ||||
12 | 10th | June 5, 1934 | 8 Nacionalista 3 Pro Independencia |
24 | June 5, 1934 | 70 Pro Independencia 19 Consolidado 3 Sakdalista |
92 | July 16, 1934 | ||||
13 | Constitutional Convention | 1st | Unicameral assembly | Constitutional Convention | July 10, 1934 | 202 nonpartisan | 202 | July 30, 1934 | ||||
14 | National Assembly of the Commonwealth | 1st | Unicameral assembly | National Assembly | September 16, 1935 | 64 Democratico 19 Pro Independencia 6 independent |
89 | November 25, 1935 | Commonwealth | |||
15 | 2nd | November 8, 1938 | 98 Nacionalista | 98 | January 24, 1939 | |||||||
16 | National Assembly of the Republic | Unicameral assembly | September 20, 1943 | 108 KALIBAPI | 108 | September 25, 1943 | Second Republic | |||||
17 | Commonwealth Congress | 1st | Senate | November 11, 1941 | 24 Nacionalista | 24 | House of Representatives | November 11, 1941 | 95 Nacionalista 3 independent |
98 | June 9, 1945 | Commonwealth |
18 | 2nd | April 23, 1946 | 8 Liberal 7 Nacionalista 1 Popular Front |
24 | April 23, 1946 | 49 Liberal 35 Nacionalista 6 Democratic Alliance 8 others |
98 | May 25, 1946 | ||||
Congress | 1st | July 5, 1946 | Third Republic | |||||||||
November 11, 1947 | 7 Liberal 1 Nacionalista |
24 | ||||||||||
19 | 2nd | November 8, 1949 | 8 Liberal | 24 | November 8, 1949 | 60 Liberal 33 Nacionalista 6 Liberal (Avelino wing) 1 independent |
100 | December 30, 1949 | ||||
November 13, 1951 | 8 Nacionalista | 24 | ||||||||||
20 | 3rd | November 10, 1953 | 5 Nacionalista 2 Democratic 1 Citizens' |
24 | November 10, 1953 | 59 Nacionalista 31 Liberal 11 Democratic 1 independent |
102 | January 25, 1954 | ||||
November 8, 1955 | 8 Nacionalista | 24 | ||||||||||
21 | 4th | November 12, 1957 | 6 Nacionalista 2 Liberal |
24 | November 12, 1957 | 82 Nacionalista 19 Liberal 1 NCP |
102 | January 27, 1958 | ||||
November 10, 1959 | 5 Nacionalista 2 Liberal 1 NCP |
24 | ||||||||||
22 | 5th | November 14, 1961 | 4 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 2 Progressive |
24 | November 14, 1961 | 74 Nacionalista 29 Liberal 1 independent |
104 | January 22, 1962 | ||||
November 12, 1963 | 4 Liberal 4 Nacionalista |
24 | ||||||||||
23 | 6th | November 9, 1965 | 5 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 1 NCP |
24 | November 9, 1965 | 61 Liberal 38 Nacionalista 5 others |
104 | January 17, 1966 | ||||
November 14, 1967 | 6 Nacionalista 1 Liberal 1 independent |
24 | ||||||||||
24 | 7th | November 11, 1969 | 6 Nacionalista 2 Liberal |
24 | November 11, 1969 | 88 Nacionalista 18 Liberal 4 others |
110 | January 26, 1970 | ||||
November 8, 1971 | 5 Liberal 3 Nacionalista |
24 | ||||||||||
25 | Constitutional Convention | 2nd | Unicameral assembly | Constitutional Convention | November 10, 1970 | 320 nonpartisan | 320 | June 1, 1971 | ||||
President had legislative powers. | Marcos dictatorship | |||||||||||
New Society | ||||||||||||
26 | Batasang Pambansa | Interim | Unicameral assembly | Batasang Pambansa | April 7 and 27, 1978 | 150 KBL 13 Pusyon Bisaya 2 others |
190 | June 12, 1978 | Fourth Republic | |||
27 | Regular | May 14, 1984 | 114 KBL 61 UNIDO 8 others |
200 | July 23, 1984 | |||||||
28 | Constitutional Commission | 3rd | Unicameral assembly | Constitutional Commission | Unelected | 48 | June 2, 1986 | Provisional Government | ||||
President had legislative powers. | ||||||||||||
29 | Congress | 8th | Senate | May 11, 1987 | 22 LABAN 2 GAD |
24 | House of Representatives | May 11, 1987 | 103 LABAN 17 GAD 25 others |
214 | July 24, 1987 | Fifth Republic |
30 | 9th | May 11, 1992 | 16 LDP 5 NPC 2 Lakas 1 Liberal/PDP–Laban |
24 | May 11, 1992 | 86 LDP 41 Lakas 30 NPC 11 Liberal/PDP–Laban 32 others |
216 | July 27, 1992 | ||||
31 | 10th | May 8, 1995 | 9 Lakas-Laban 3 NPC |
24 | May 8, 1995 | 157 Lakas-Laban 25 NPC 22 others |
220 | June 26, 1995 | ||||
32 | 11th | May 11, 1998 | 7 LAMMP 5 Lakas |
24 | May 11, 1998 | 111 Lakas 64 LAMMP 15 Liberal 16 others 14 party-lists |
257 | July 27, 1998 | ||||
33 | 12th | May 14, 2001 | 8 PPC 4 Puwersa ng Masa 1 independent |
24 | May 14, 2001 | 73 Lakas 40 NPC 21 LDP 19 Liberal 52 others 14 party-lists |
256 | July 23, 2001 | ||||
34 | 13th | May 10, 2004 | 7 K4 5 KNP |
24 | May 10, 2004 | 92 Lakas 53 NPC 29 Liberal 15 LDP 20 others 28 party-lists |
261 | July 26, 2004 | ||||
35 | 14th | May 14, 2007 | 8 GO 2 TEAM Unity 2 others |
24 | May 14, 2007 | 89 Lakas 44 KAMPI 28 NPC 23 Liberal 11 Nacionalista 23 others 53 party-lists |
271 | July 23, 2007 | ||||
36 | 15th | May 10, 2010 | 3 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 2 PMP 2 Lakas 3 others |
24 | May 10, 2010 | 107 Lakas 47 Liberal 29 NPC 26 Nacionalista 20 others 57 party-lists |
286 | July 26, 2010 | ||||
37 | 16th | May 13, 2013 | 9 Team PNoy 3 UNA |
24 | May 13, 2013 | 112 Liberal 42 NPC 24 NUP 18 Nacionalista 14 Lakas 10 UNA 15 others 57 party-lists |
293 | July 22, 2013 | ||||
38 | 17th | May 9, 2016 | 7 KDM 4 PGP 1 UNA |
24 | May 9, 2016 | 115 Liberal 42 NPC 24 Nacionalista 23 NUP 11 UNA 23 others 59 party-lists |
297 | July 25, 2016 | ||||
39 | 18th | May 13, 2019 | 9 HNP 1 NPC 1 UNA 1 independent |
24 | May 13, 2019 | 82 PDP–Laban 42 Nacionalista 37 NPC 25 NUP 18 Liberal 12 Lakas 27 others 61 party-lists |
304 | July 22, 2019 | ||||
40 | 19th | May 9, 2022 | 24 | May 9, 2022 | 316 | July 25, 2022 |
Per party[]
These are at the start of every legislature. A politician may switch parties mid-term. Appointed members appear after the plus sign (+).
Senate[]
Year | NP[a] | Prog | Dem | Uni/Pro | LP | PF | Ind | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1916 | 20+2 | 1 | 1 | 24 | ||||
1919 | 20+1 | 1+1 | 1 | 24 | ||||
1922 | 11 | 5+2 | 6 | 24 | ||||
1925 | 13 | 9+2 | 24 | |||||
1928 | 17+1 | 5+1 | 24 | |||||
1931 | 16+1 | 6 | 0+1 | 24 | ||||
1934 | 15+1 | 7+1 | 24 | |||||
1941 | 24 | 24 | ||||||
1946 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 24 |
Year | LP | NP | PF | DP | NCP | PPP | Ind | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1947 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 24 | ||||
1949 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 24 | ||||
1951 | 14 | 10 | 24 | |||||
1953 | 7 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 24 | |||
1955 | 23 | 1 | 24 | |||||
1957 | 2 | 21 | 1 | 24 | ||||
1959 | 4 | 19 | 1 | 24 | ||||
1961 | 8 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 24 | |||
1963 | 10 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 24 | |||
1965 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 24 | |||
1967 | 7 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 24 | |||
1969 | 5 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 24 | |||
1971 | 8 | 15 | 1 | 24 |
Year | Lakas[b] | LDP | LP | NPC | NP | PRP | PDP | PMP | UNA | Akbayan | Others | Ind | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | 22 LABAN, 2 GAD | 24 | |||||||||||
1992 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 24 | ||||||||
1995 | 5 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 24 | ||||||
1998 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 24 | |||||
2001 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 LAMP | 6 | 24 | ||||||
2004 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 KNP, 1 Aksyon | 2 | 24 | |||||
2007 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 KAMPI, 2 UNO | 1 | 24 | ||
2010 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 24 | ||||
2013 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 24 | |||
2016 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 24 | ||||
2019 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 24 |
House of Representatives[]
Year | NP | Prog | Dem | Pro | LP | Others | Ind | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1907 | 59 | 16 | 1 Catolico | 4 | 80 | ||||
1909 | 62 | 17 | 2 | 81 | |||||
1912 | 62 | 16 | 3 | 81 | |||||
1916 | 75 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 90 | ||||
1919 | 83 | 4 | 3 | 90 | |||||
1922 | 26 | 35 Colectivista, 29 Unipersonalata | 3 | 93 | |||||
1925 | 64 | 22 | 6 | 92 | |||||
1928 | 71 | 16 | 7 | 94 | |||||
1931 | 68 | 13 | 5 | 86 | |||||
1934 | 70 | 19 | 3 Sakdalista | 92 | |||||
1935 | 64 | 19 | 6 | 89 | |||||
1938 | 98 | 98 | |||||||
1941 | 95 | 3 | 98 | ||||||
1943 | 108 KALIBAPI | 108 | |||||||
1946 | 35 | 49 | 6 Democratic Alliance, 3 minor parties | 5 | 98 |
Year | LP | NP | KBL | Others | Ind | Sec | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1949 | 60 | 33 | 6 Liberal-Avelino wing | 1 | 100 | ||
1953 | 31 | 59 | 11 Democratic | 1 | 102 | ||
1957 | 19 | 82 | 1 NCP | 102 | |||
1961 | 29 | 74 | 1 | 104 | |||
1965 | 61 | 38 | 1 independent Nacionalista, 1 independent Liberal | 3 | 104 | ||
1969 | 18 | 88 | 2 independent Nacionalista | 2 | 110 | ||
1978 | 150 | 13 Pusyon Bisaya, 2 minor parties | 0+14 | 165 | |||
1984 | 2 | 114 | 61 UNIDO | 6 | 0+9 | 183 |
Year | KBL | LP | NP | PDP | Lakas[b] | LDP | NPC | PMP | Reporma | Aksyon | KAMPI | NUP | UNA | Others | Party-list | Ind | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | 11 | 16 | 4 | 43 | 49 coalitions, 24 Lakas ng Bansa, 19 UNIDO, 2 GAD, 2 PnB, 1 LABAN, 6 minor parties | 0+14 | 23 | 214 | |||||||||
1992 | 3 | 7 | 41 | 86 | 30 | 14 coalitions, 11 Koalisyong Pambansa, 2 minor parties | 0+15 | 6 | 216 | ||||||||
1995 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 17 | 22 | 1 | 25 Lakas-Laban, 14 hybrid coalitions, 9 administration coalitions, 1 opposition coalition, 1 PRP | 0+24 | 7 | 226 | |||||
1998 | 15 | 111 | 9 | 55 | 4 | 1 | 4 PROMDI, 5 minor parties | 14 | 2 | 258 | |||||||
2001 | 19 | 1 | 73 | 21 | 40 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 PROMDI, 1 PDSP, 12 minor parties, 20 not indicated | 14 | 8 | 256 | |||||
2004 | 1 | 29 | 2 | 2 | 92 | 15 | 53 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 PDSP | 28 | 4 | 261 | ||
2007 | 1 | 23 | 11 | 5 | 89 | 5 | 28 | 4 | 44 | 3 PDSP, 1 Lingkod Taguig | 53 | 4 | 271 | ||||
2010 | 1 | 47 | 26 | 2 | 107 | 2 | 29 | 6 | 1 LM, 1 PDSP | 57 | 7 | 286 | |||||
2013 | 1 | 112 | 18 | 14 | 2 | 42 | 24 | 10 | 1 CDP, 4 minor parties | 59 | 6 | 293 | |||||
2016 | 115 | 24 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 42 | 1 | 23 | 11 | 8 minor parties | 59 | 4 | 297 | ||||
2019 | 18 | 42 | 82 | 12 | 2 | 37 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 5 PFP, 1 CDP, 1 PRP, 14 minor parties | 61 | 2 | 304 |
Party-list elections[]
This includes all parties that have won at least 2 seats in any election.
Party | 1998 | 2001 | 2004 | 2007 | 2010 | 2013 | 2016 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
APEC | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
Akbayan | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Alagad | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
Butil | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Bayan Muna | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
CIBAC | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
Buhay | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Anakpawis | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Gabriela | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||
PM | 1 | 2 | ||||||
A TEACHER | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
ARC | 2 | |||||||
AMIN | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
Abono | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||
2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
AGAP | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
Ako Bikol | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||||
Senior Citizens | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||||
Coop-NATCCO | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
2 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
An Waray | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
2 | 1 | |||||||
Magdalo | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
ACT-CIS | 1 | 3 | ||||||
1-PACMAN | 2 | 2 | ||||||
ACT Teachers | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
Kabayan | 2 | |||||||
Agri | 1 | 2 | ||||||
PBA | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||
ANG PROBINSYANO | 2 | |||||||
Marino | 2 | |||||||
Probinsyano Ako | 2 | |||||||
Other parties | 8 | 4 | 3 | 18 | 24 | 22 | 22 | 26 |
Total party-list seats | 14 | 14 | 28 | 53 | 57 | 59 | 59 | 61 |
Graphical timeline[]
- Legend
Senate[]
- Gaps refer to instances when the legislature was unicameral.
House of Representatives[]
- Gaps from 1946 to 1971 refer to instances when there was no lower house election for it was a midterm election (senators have 6-year terms with staggered elections every two years, while representatives have 4-year terms). Starting in 1995, a midterm election includes both upper and lower house elections (senators have 6-year terms with staggered elections every three years, while representatives have 3-year terms).
Chronological timeline[]
See also[]
- Congress of the Philippines
- Senate of the Philippines
- House of Representatives of the Philippines
Notes[]
References[]
Further reading[]
- Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann; Graham Hassall; Soliman M. Santos (15 November 2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. ISBN 9780199249596.
- Julio Teehankee. "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). quezon.ph.
- "Philippine Electoral Almanac". Retrieved 2021-03-09.
- Congresses of the Philippines
- Legislatures-related lists