Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
New Society Movement Kilusang Bagong Lipunan | |
---|---|
President | Efren Rafanan Sr. |
Chairman | Imelda Marcos (emeritus) |
Secretary-General | Josephine Gandol |
Founder | Ferdinand Marcos |
Founded | February 1978 |
Split from | Nacionalista Party Liberal Party |
Headquarters | 1611 Orcel II Bldg., Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines |
Ideology | Filipino nationalism Conservatism (1978–86)[1][2][3][4] Anti-communism[5][4] Right-wing populism (1978–86) Factions: (1978–86) Centrism Libertarianism[6] |
Political position | Right-wing |
National affiliation | UniTeam |
Colors | Blue, white, red, and yellow |
Seats in the Senate | 0 / 24 |
Seats in the House of Representatives | 0 / 300 |
Website | |
www.kbl.org.ph | |
|
The New Society Movement (Filipino: Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, KBL), formerly named the New Society Movement of United Nationalists, Liberals, et cetera (Filipino: Kilusang Bagong Lipunan ng Nagkakaisang Nacionalista, Liberal, at iba pa, KBLNNL), is a right-wing[7][8] to far-right[9] political party in the Philippines. It was first formed in 1978 as an umbrella coalition of parties supporting then-President Ferdinand E. Marcos for the Interim Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly) and was his political vehicle during his regime.[10] It was reorganized as a political party in 1986,[9] as the party furthest to the right of the political spectrum among the active parties after Marcos' ouster.[9]
Since 1986, the KBL has contested in most of the national and local elections in the Philippines but retained a single seat in the House of Representatives in Ilocos Norte, which was held by former First Lady Imelda Marcos until 2019.
Establishment and ideology[]
The ideological roots of the "bagong lipunan" ("new society") concept can be traced to one Marcos' rationalizations for the declaration of Martial Law in September, 1972.[11]: "66" In his rhetoric, Marcos contended that a system of "constitutional authoritarianism" was necessary in order to "reform society" and create a "new society" under his authority.[11]: "29" [12][13]
Six years after the declaration of Martial Law, Marcos adopted this rhetoric and used the phrase as the name of the umbrella coalition of administration parties running in the 1978 Philippine parliamentary election.[10] The coalition retained the name when it was reorganized as a political party in 1986.
Splinter factions after the People Power Revolution[]
After the 1986 People Power Revolution ended Ferdinand Marcos' 21 years in power, and he, his family and some key followers escaped to Hawaii, Marcos' party machinery quickly began to fracture into numerous factions, the most successful of which were Blas Ople's Partido Nacionalista ng Pilipinas, a reorganized Nacionalista Party led by Rafael Palmares and Renato Cayetano after the death of Senator Jose Roy, and a reorganized Kilusang Bagong Lipunan led by Nicanor Yñiguez.[14][15]
By the time of the 1987 Philippine constitutional plebiscite, the reconstituted KBL under Yñiguez as the party furthest to the right among the rightwing political parties of the mid-1980s[9] - remaining loyal to Marcos' authoritarian ideology in contrast to the Partido Nacionalista ng Pilipinas which took a conservative centrist stance, and the Palmares wing of the Nacionalista party and the Kalaw wing of the Liberal Party took center-right stances on the center-right.[14]
2009 Party division[]
On November 20, 2009, the KBL forged an alliance with the Nacionalista Party (NP) between Bongbong Marcos and NP Chairman Senator Manny Villar at the Laurel House in Mandaluyong.[16][failed verification] Bongbong was later on removed as a member by the KBL National Executive Committee on November 29.[17] As such, the NP broke its alliance with the KBL due to internal conflicts within the party, though Bongbong remained part of the NP Senatorial line-up.[16][failed verification]
Candidates for the Philippine general election, 2010[]
- Vetellano Acosta – Presidential Candidate (lost)
- Jay Sonza – Vice Presidential Candidate (lost)
- Senatorial slate:
- Alma Lood (lost)
- Hector Villanueva (lost)
- Shariff Ibrahim Albani (lost)
Notable members[]
- Ferdinand Marcos — 10th Philippine President, Senate President, congressman
- Roberto "Amay Bisaya" Reyes Jambongana— Senatorial candidate, gubernatorial candidate of Bohol, comedian
- Larry Gadon — Senatorial candidate in the Philippine general election in 2016, lawyer; pushed for the impeachment of former Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno[18][19]
- Jay Sonza[20]
- Victor Wood[21]
- Vicente Millora — Governor of Pangasinan, congressman/assemblyman
Notable former members[]
- Conrado M. Estrella, III — (Moved to Nationalist People's Coalition in 1992 before becoming a Party-List Representative of Abono in 2010) Former Representative of Pangasinan's 6th District
- Imelda Romualdez-Marcos — (Moved to Nacionalista Party) Former First Lady, Minister of Human Settlements, Governor of Metro Manila, Congresswoman
- Ferdinand Marcos Jr. — (Moved to Partido Federal ng Pilipinas) Vice-Governor, Governor, Congressman, Senator
- Imee Marcos — (Moved to Nacionalista Party) Senator, Governor, Congresswoman
- Vicente Millora - (Moved to Loyalist Party of the Philippines) Governor, Assemblyman
Electoral performance[]
President[]
Election | Candidate | Number of votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election |
---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | Ferdinand Marcos | 18,309,360 | 88.02% | Won |
1986 | Ferdinand Marcos | 10,807,197 | 53.62% | Disputed; fled the country after the People Power Revolution |
1992 | Imelda Marcos | 2,338,294 | 10.32% | Lost |
1998 | Imelda Marcos | Withdrew | ||
2004 | None | Supported Fernando Poe Jr. who lost | ||
2010 | Vetellano Acosta | Disqualified | ||
2016 | None | Supported Miriam Defensor Santiago who lost | ||
2022 | Endorsed Bongbong Marcos Election will be on May 9, 2022 |
Vice president[]
Election | Candidate | Number of votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election |
---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | Arturo Tolentino | 10,134,130 | 50.66% | Disputed; did not assume office after the People Power Revolution |
1992 | Vicente Magsaysay | 699,895 | 3.43% | Lost |
1998 | None | |||
2004 | None | Supported Loren Legarda who lost | ||
2010 | Jay Sonza | 64,230 | 0.18% | Lost |
2016 | None | Supported Bongbong Marcos who lost | ||
2022 | None | supports Sara Duterte who is running in the upcoming elections |
Senate[]
Election | Number of votes | Share of votes | Seats won | Seats after | Outcome of election |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | 16,356,441 | 4.36% | 0 / 24
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
1992 | 12,691,686 | 4.59% | 0 / 24
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
1995 | 8,168,768 | 4.47% | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
1998 | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Did not participate | ||
2001 | 873,306 | 0.36% | 0 / 13
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
2004 | 540,498 | 0.21% | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
2007 | 2,436,294 | 0.91% | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
2010 | 2,769,847 | 0.93% | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
2013 | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Did not participate | ||
2016 | 1,971,327 | 0.61% | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
2019 | 3,487,780 | 0.96% | 0 / 12
|
0 / 24
|
Lost |
House of Representatives[]
- As the Batasang Pambansa in 1978 and 1984.
Election | Number of votes | Share of votes | Seats | Outcome of election |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | 147,885,493 | 71.13% | 137 / 190
|
Won |
1984 | 110 / 200
|
Won | ||
1987 | 823,676 | 4.10% | 11 / 214
|
Lost |
1992 | 438,577 | 2.35% | 3 / 216
|
Lost |
1995 | 0 / 220
|
Did not participate* | ||
1998 | 35,522 | 0.15% | 0 / 257
|
Lost |
2001 | 0 / 256
|
Did not participate | ||
2004 | 1 / 261
|
Lost | ||
2007 | 1 / 271
|
Lost | ||
2010 | 158,416 | 0.46% | 1 / 286
|
Lost |
2013 | 94,484 | 0.34% | 1 / 293
|
Lost |
2016 | 198,754 | 0.53% | 0 / 297
|
Lost |
2019 | 33,594 | 0.08% | 0 / 304
|
Lost |
*One member elected under joint KBL-Nationalist People's Coalition ticket.
References[]
- ^ Celoza, A. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ Timberman, D. (1991) A Changeless Land: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics. USA: Taylor and Francis.[verification needed]
- ^ Bello, Madge; Reyes, Vincent (1986). "Filipino Americans and the Marcos Overthrow: The Transformation of Political Consciousness". Amerasia Journal. 13: 73–83. doi:10.17953/amer.13.1.21h54l86268n023n.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ a b Pinches, M. (1986). "Elite democracy, development and people power: contending ideologies and changing practices in Philippine politics"[need quotation to verify]
- ^ Celoza, A. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers.
- ^ Landé, Carl (1996). Post-Marcos Politics: A Geographical and Statistical Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Election. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 37.
- ^ Derbyshire, J. Denis (1991). Political Systems Of The World. Allied Publishers. p. 120.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ Griffin, Roger (1990). The Nature of Fascism. St. Martin's Press. p. 37.[need quotation to verify]
- ^ a b c d Villegas, Bernardo M. (1958-02-01). "The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era". Asian Survey. 27 (2): 194–205. doi:10.2307/2644614. ISSN 0004-4687.
Finally, at the extreme right is the reorganized Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) under Nicanor Yniguez, which remains loyal to Marcos.
- ^ a b "Philippines - Local government". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- ^ a b Brillantes, Alex B., Jr. (1987). Dictatorship & martial law : Philippine authoritarianism in 1972. Quezon City, Philippines: University of the Philippines Diliman School of Public Administration. ISBN 978-9718567012.
- ^ Beltran, J. C. A.; Chingkaw, Sean S. (October 20, 2016). "On the shadows of tyranny". The Guidon. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ a b Villegas, Bernardo M. (1958-02-01). "The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era". Asian Survey. 27 (2): 194–205. doi:10.2307/2644614. ISSN 0004-4687.
- ^ Kimura, Masataka (December 1989). "The Revolution and Realigntnent of Political Parties in the Philippines (December 1985-January 1988): With a Case in the Province of Batangas" (PDF). Southeast Asian Studies. 27 (3): 352–379.
- ^ a b "Feed a hungry child this Christmas". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ "Filing of COCs at Comelec on Day 4". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 9, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- ^ Editorial (May 31, 2018). "Revising history — yet again". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
- ^ "Impeachment lawyer blasts 'yellow virus', denies he wants gov't post". ABS-CBN News. October 24, 2017. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
- ^ Legaspi, Amita (March 4, 2010). "Bongbong on KBL's Acosta: 'I don't even know what he looks like'". GMA News Online.
- ^ Ribaya, Rio Rose (October 31, 2012). "Victor Wood loses chance at Senate". Yahoo News.
- Anti-communist parties
- Conservative parties in the Philippines
- Far-right politics in Asia
- Political parties established in 1978
- Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos