2022 Philippine presidential election

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2022 Philippine presidential election
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2022 Philippine presidential election by province.png
Map showing which city and provincial certificates of canvass will be canvassed by Congress. General Santos and Mandaue will have its results canvassed separately from South Cotabato and Cebu respectively for the first time. Metro Manila is shown at the inset in the upper right.
Incumbent President

Rodrigo Duterte
PDP–Laban



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The 2022 Philippine presidential and vice-presidential elections are scheduled to be held on Monday, May 9, 2022, as part of that year's general election. This will be the 17th direct presidential election and 16th vice presidential election in the Philippines since 1935, and the seventh sextennial presidential and vice presidential election since 1986.

Incumbent president Rodrigo Duterte is ineligible for re-election as he is limited to a single term, under the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The position of president and vice president are elected separately; the two winning candidates could thus come from different political parties.

Electoral system[]

Main article: Presidential elections in the Philippines

According to the Constitution of the Philippines of 1987, the election is held every six years after 1992, on the second Monday of May. The incumbent president is term-limited. The incumbent vice president may run for two consecutive terms. The first-past-the-post voting system is used to determine the winner: the candidate with the highest number of votes, whether or not one has a majority, wins the presidency. The vice-presidential election is separate, is held on the same rules, and voters may split their ticket. If two or more candidates get the most votes for either position, Congress shall vote from among them which shall be president or vice president, as the case may be. Both winners will serve six-year terms commencing at noon on June 30, 2022, and ending on the same day, six years later.[1]

Background[]

See also: 2016 Philippine presidential election and 2019 Philippine Senate election
The 2022 election will decide the successor of both President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo. In this photo, Duterte is inducting Robredo to head the HUDCC.

In the 2016 presidential and vice presidential elections, Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (transl. Philippine Democratic Party-People Power; PDP–Laban) won the presidency against four other candidates, while House representative from Camarines Sur Leni Robredo of the Liberal Party won against Senator Bongbong Marcos and four others in the vice presidential election that is the closest margin since 1965. Marcos put the result under protest in the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.[2]

On Marcos's electoral protest against Robredo, the Presidential Electoral Tribunal released in October 2019 the report on Marcos's pilot provinces of Camarines Sur, Iloilo and Negros Oriental, and showed that Robredo increased her lead by 15,742 votes. The tribunal voted to defer on deciding on the protest and instead proceeded with Marcos's plea to nullify the votes from the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) provinces of Basilan, Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao. Those who dissented to the decision said that the protest should have been dismissed, as Marcos failed to recover votes from his 3 pilot provinces, citing the rules of the tribunal; they were overruled when the others said that Marcos's plea on the ARMM provinces should also be resolved.[3]

In July 2016, Vice President Robredo was appointed to head the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC),[4] but later resigned in December 2016 after she was told to stop attending all cabinet meetings, amid her criticism of the administration's war on drugs.[5] The president later told his allies to stop trying to impeach Robredo.[6]

In the 17th Congress, the representative from Davao del Norte, Pantaleon Alvarez, was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives in July 2016.[7] Midway during the 17th Congress, former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who was the representative from Pampanga, ousted Alvarez from the speakership. The ouster was reportedly due to a squabble between Alvarez and Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte, the president's daughter when the latter branded the former as being from the opposition when she launched the Hugpong ng Pagbabago (transl. Faction of Change; HNP), a regional political party in the Davao Region where both Davao del Norte and Davao City are a part of.[8]

In the 2019 midterm Senate election, the opposition fielded the Otso Diretso (transl. Straight Eight) coalition,[9] while the administration fielded their slate under the Hugpong ng Pagbabago banner.[10] Hugpong won 9 of the 12 seats contested, while Otso Diretso won no seats. Cynthia Villar, wife of defeated 2010 presidential candidate Manuel Villar, topped the election, while 2013's Senate election topnotcher and 2016 defeated presidential candidate Grace Poe finished second.[11] While Sara Duterte's Hugpong won in the Davao Region, they notably failed to unseat Alvarez, and PDP–Laban defeated Hugpong's candidate for governor of Davao del Norte, and won the province's both seats in the House of Representatives.[12]

In the House of Representatives, adminstration-allied parties won, but there was a dispute on who should be Speaker. President Duterte negotiated a term-sharing agreement with Alan Peter Cayetano and Lord Allan Velasco, with the former serving the first 15 months of the term, while Velasco will serve out the final 18 months.[13] Meanwhile, Tito Sotto was re-elected as Senate President.[14]

On November 2019, the president challenged Robredo to co-chair the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs (ICAD), the office that oversees the war on drugs, along with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency chief, which she accepted.[15] A week later, Duterte said that he will fire Robredo if she shares state secrets about the drug war.[16] Several days later, Duterte said he cannot trust Robredo after she asked the government for a list of high-value targets in the drug war.[17] Robredo replied that "He should tell me straight if he wants me out."[18] A day later, Duterte fired Robredo as co-chair of the ICAD.[19]

During the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the government was criticized on its handling of the health crisis. Robredo had a televised speech in August claiming that the government had no plans on how to resolve the pandemic. She then shared 10 recommendations on how to resolve it.[20] Duterte himself, in a separate speech days later, asked Robredo not to "add fuel to the fire".[21]

In June 2020, American boxing promoter Bob Arum said that Senator Manny Pacquiao confided to him that he will run for president in 2022.[22] Pacquiao later denied talking about politics with Arum.[23] On December 3, 2020, Pacquiao was elected as party president of PDP–Laban, of which President Duterte is the party chairman.[24][25][26] On May 3, 2021, when Pacquiao is asked for plans of running for President, he replied "for now, let's not think about that."[27]

In March 2021, former Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio launched "1Sambayan" (read as "isambayan", meaning "one nation"), a coalition that will put up one lone candidate against Duterte's successor.[28] Carpio is aiming not to split the vote, pointing out that Duterte won over Mar Roxas and Grace Poe in 2016 as those who were against him were not united."[29] 1Sambayan was considering one among Robredo, Moreno, Poe, and Senator Nancy Binay as candidates.[30] Both Moreno and Pacquiao, with the former being one of 1Sambayan's choices, stated that they do not want to talk about politics during the pandemic.[31][32] Former senator Antonio Trillanes IV said that there was never an offer from 1Sambayan for him to run, but if Robredo won't seek the presidency in 2022, he'll entertain entering the presidential race; as for the vice presidency, he said that 1Sambayan put upon their presidential candidate the choice on who would be the running mate, so he can't comment on that for now.[33]

A dispute within the PDP–Laban began on March 12, 2021[34] when Senator Manny Pacquiao (who was named the party's interim president in December 2020) began to criticize President Rodrigo Duterte and the government regarding the dispute in the South China Sea, alleged corruption in the government agencies under the Duterte administration,[35][36] the government handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the endorsement of the candidates for the 2022 presidential election, leading to the creation of two factions.[37]

On June 12, 2021, 1Sambayan announced their six initial nominees who will go through the coalition's selection process for a presidential and vice-presidential tandem. The nominees (who members of the coalition may vote for as their candidate for either post) include: senator Poe, vice president Robredo, former senator Trillanes, human rights lawyer and former senatorial candidate Chel Diokno, incumbent house deputy speaker Vilma Santos-Recto, and CIBAC representative and house deputy speaker Eddie Villanueva.[38] Moreno and Binay declined 1Sambayan's offer to run under their coalition.[39] Soon after, Senator Poe and Representative Santos also withdrew their names from contention.[40][41] At the same time, Vice President Robredo, former Senator Trillanes, and Representative Villanueva expressed their support for unity in 2022 under 1Sambayan.[42]

Tito Sotto and Panfilo Lacson, who were also not initially chosen by 1Sambayan, were reportedly set to form a tandem. Sotto said both of them are yet to be convinced on this, and when asked if he'd run for higher office in 2022, he said that he hadn't made a decision yet.[43] Lacson later declined the offer from 1Sambayan in a letter to Justice Carpio, in which he cited his principal sponsorship of the Anti-Terrorism Law as "inconsistent and incongruent" to the goals of the coalition.[44] Lacson and Sotto announced their candidacies on July, with their campaign to be launched in August.[45] Lacson was later sworn in as a member of the Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma (transl. Party for Democratic Reforms; Reporma), the party of former secretary of Defense Renato de Villa who lost the 1998 presidential election.[46] On September 8, Lacson and Sotto formally launched their tandem via social media, in a taped production in an undisclosed studio.[47] The tandem filed their candidacies on October 6.[48]

Manila mayor Isko Moreno was reportedly to take his oath as a member of Aksyon Demokratiko (transl. Democratic Action), the party founded by Senator Raul Roco.[49] This was after he resigned from the National Unity Party.[50] However, this did not happen as an unexpectedly large number of people turned up on vaccination sites, particularly in Manila, on that morning, causing some vaccination sites to cancel the scheduled inoculation.[51] Moreno was subsequently elected party president a week later.[52] He later announced his presidential bid on September 22 with Dr. Willie Ong as his running mate.[53] They filed their certificates of candidacy (COCs) on October 4.[54]

On September 30, 2021, 1Sambayan nominated Robredo for as their standard bearer.[55] According to Armin Luistro, one of the conveyor of 1Sambayan, Robredo accepted the nomination and will file her candidacy on October 5.[56] Robredo's spokesman clarified that she hasn't accepted a decision yet, but will make a decision on this before October 8.[57] On October 7, Robredo accepted the nomination and announced she will run for president.[58] She later filed her certificate of candidacy on the same day as an independent.[59] Robredo explained that she is running as an independent to show that she is open to making alliances.[60] After Vice President Robredo announced her presidential candidacy, several sources from the Liberal Party indicated that Senator Francis Pangilinan would be her running mate for her presidential bid.[61][62] Pangilinan filed his candidacy for vice president a day after Robredo.[63]

By January 2020, Bongbong Marcos confirmed that he is running "for a national position" in 2022, although he did not specify which position.[64] On September 21, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP; transl. Federal Party of the Philippines) nominated Marcos to run for president. If Marcos accepts, he will be inducted as a member of the party and be made its chairman.[65] During the national convention of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL; transl. New Society Movement) in Binangonan, the party founded by his father, he was nominated as the party's candidate for president. Marcos, who remained a member of the Nacionalista Party, thanked KBL for the nomination, but said that he will announce his plans "when the time comes."[66] On October 5, Marcos announced his presidential candidacy.[67] Marcos then resigned from Nacionalista and was sworn in at the PFP chairman.[68] Marcos ultimately filed his presidential candidacy under the PFP on October 6.[69]

Davao City mayor Sara Duterte, despite being a frontrunner in early opinion polls, did not file a candidacy for a national position; she instead ran for re-election in the Davao mayoral race. She earlier stated on July 9, 2021 that she is open to run for president.[70] During the final day for the filing of candidacies, mayor Duterte did not show up; instead, Ronald dela Rosa filed his candidacy for president. Bato has stated that he is open to being substituted by Duterte.[71] Bato was running alongside Go, who earlier filed his candidacy for the vice presidency on October 2, despite calls from the PDP-Laban Cusi wing for him to run for president.[72] At the end of the period for the filing of COCs, a total of 97 individuals manifested their intention to run for president, while 29 did so for vice president.[73]

On November 9, mayor Duterte withdrew from the mayoral race in Davao. On November 11, she resigned from Hugpong ng Pagbabago and later joined Lakas–CMD on the same day.[74] She filed her candidacy for the vice presidential post on November 13, 2021, substituting Lyle Fernando Uy.[75] Partido Federal ng Pilipinas adopted mayor Duterte as their vice presidential candidate.[76] Dela Rosa and Go both withdrew their candidacies on the same day.[77] A few days later, Go launched his campaign for the presidential post.[78] Go explained that he withdrew his bid to run for vice president, to avoid complicating the campaign of Sara Duterte. President Duterte was reported to be his running mate and was to file his candidacy on November 15,[79] but filed for senator instead.[80]

Upon filing his candidacy on November 15 via substitution, presidential aspirant and former National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) spokesperson Antonio Parlade Jr. accused fellow presidential aspirant Senator Bong Go of controlling Duterte's decisions.[81] Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana dismissed Parlade's claim, calling it baseless.[82]

On November 18, 2021, President Duterte claimed that an unnamed presidential aspirant from a well-known family was using cocaine and added that the aspirant is a "weak leader" and "not a very strong leader, except for his name, the father."[83][84] The next day, presidential aspirants reacted on Duterte's statement. Leni Robredo and Leody de Guzman said that the government should file charges against the candidate allegedly using cocaine.[85][86] Isko Moreno and Panfilo Lacson denied that the statement alluded to them.[86] A report speculated that his statement was alluded to Bongbong Marcos,[87] but Marcos' camp dismissed Duterte's claims.[88] Lacson and Sotto, Marcos and Duterte, and Moreno and Ong all subsequently took drug tests and tested negative,[89][90][91] while Pacquiao presented a negative drug test from the Voluntary Anti-Doping Association.[92] Robredo, Go, and de Guzman have expressed their willingness to undergo a drug test.[86][93][94]

On November 30, 2021, Go announced his intention to withdraw his candidacy for the presidency, without any substitute.[95] He earlier expressed his doubts about his presidential run on November 25.[96] The COMELEC stated that Go has to personally file his statement of withdrawal.[97] He officially withdrew on December 14.[98]

Candidates[]

Main article: Candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential election

Official candidates[]

The Commission on Elections was originally expected to publish a tentative list of candidates by late October 2021.[99] On November, the commission said that they would finalize a list of candidates that would appear on the ballot by December 15, 2021.[100] By December 14, the commission said that they would need an additional two weeks to have a final list due to unresolved cases involving nuisance candidates. The commission is expected to print ballots on January 12, 2022.[101]

Tentative list of candidates[]

A total of 97 individuals manifested their intention to run for president, while 29 did so for vice president.[73] The commission filed to disqualify 82 people who filed to run for president, and 15 people who ran for vice president, all of them for being nuisance candidates.[102]

The commission released a tentative list of official candidates on December 24.[103] The commission said it may release the final list by the last week of December, pending resolution of cancellation, disqualification cases, and petitions on nuisance candidates.[104]

This is ordered by surname of the presidential candidate; if the surname is identical, it is then ordered by the presidential candidate's given name.

Presidential tickets
Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate Campaign
Candidate name and party Position Candidate name and party Position
Ernesto Abella
Independent
Ernesto_Abella_-_2016_(cropped).jpg
 Former undersecretary of Foreign Affairs none
Hilario Andes
Independent 		No image (male).svg none none
Gerald Arcega
Independent 		No image (male).svg none Manny Lopez
WPP 		No image (male).svg none
Leody de Guzman
PLM
Leody de Guzman filing his CoC 2021.jpg
 Chairperson of Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino Walden Bello
PLM
Walden.jpg
 Former House representative for Akbayan Details
Noberto Gonzales
PDSP
NorbertoGonzales.jpg
 Former secretary of National Defense none
Panfilo Lacson
Reporma
Sen. Panfilo M. Lacson cropped.jpg
 Senator Tito Sotto
NPC
Vicente Sotto III 2021 (cropped).jpg
 President of the Senate Details
Danilo Lihaylihay
Independent 		No image (male).svg none none
Faisal Mangondato
 No image (male).svg none Carlos Serapio
KKK 		No image (male).svg none
Bongbong Marcos
PFP
Bongbong_Marcos.jpg
 Former senator Sara Duterte
Lakas
Sara Duterte-Carpio in June 2019 (cropped).jpg
 Mayor of Davao City Details
Maria Aurora Marcos
Independent 		No image (female).svg none none
Jose Montemayor Jr.
DPP 		No image (male).svg none Rizalito David
DPP 		No image (male).svg none
Isko Moreno
Aksyon
IskoMorenoOfficialPortrait.jpg
 Mayor of Manila Willie Ong
Aksyon
Willie Ong, 2018.jpg
 none Details
Edgar Niez
Independent 		No image (male).svg none none
Manny Pacquiao
PROMDI
Pacquiao and Didal (cropped).jpg
 Senator Lito Atienza
PROMDI
Rep. Lito Atienza, Jr (18th Congress PH).jpg
 House representative for Buhay Details
Leni Robredo
Independent
14th Vice President of the Philippines Leni Robredo.png
 Vice President Francis Pangilinan
Liberal
Senkikopangilinan.jpg
 Senator Details

Ernesto Abella (Independent)[]

Ernesto Abella said he was running since "ordinary people were being set aside", and that he was running as an independent since the ruling PDP–Laban did not choose him as their standard bearer.[105] He later said that he was confident of not being declared as a nuisance candidate.[106]

Hilario Andes (Independent)[]

Andes filed to run for president on October 8.[107]

Gerald Arcega (Independent)[]

Arcega filed to run for president on October 8.[107]

Manny Lopez (WPP)[]

Lopez said that if elected vice president, he'd prefer to head the Department of Foreign Affairs or the Department of Trade and Industry.[108]

Leody de Guzman (PLM)[]

Main article: Leody de Guzman 2022 presidential campaign

Leody de Guzman, chairman of the Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino, a progressive labor group, ran for senator in 2019 and lost. De Guzman is running for president this time.[109]

Walden Bello (PLM)[]

The Laban ng Masa (transl. Struggle of the Masses) coalition launched a campaign to collect 300,000 signatures to urge activist and former party-list lawmaker Walden Bello to run for president in the 2022 elections. In a statement, Laban ng Masa said it wants to "push for an ambitious platform that focuses on the poor, prioritizes the neglected, and fights for the rights of ordinary Filipinos."[110] Bello's group sought talks with Vice President Robredo's backers for three months but were ignored. This caused them to support Leody de Guzman's presidential candidacy, instead.[111]

Later in October 20, Bello decided to run for the vice-presidency, substituting Raquel Castillo who is supposed to be de Guzman's running mate.[112]

Norberto Gonzales (PDSP)[]

Former secretary of National Defense said that his campaign is "new and more politically mature approach to winning the nation's heart and its consent to govern."[113]

Isko Moreno (Aksyon)[]

Main article: Isko Moreno 2022 presidential campaign

At the start of 2021, pollster Pulse Asia published an opinion poll showing Isko Moreno in second place for president, and statistically tied for first with President Duterte in the vice presidential race.[114] The 1Sambayan convenors group then included Moreno as one of the people they are choosing to run for president.[30] Moreno begged off, as he was concentrating on his mayoral duties.[115] By June, Moreno informed them that they are declining their offer.[39] On September, Moreno was named president of Aksyon Demokratiko, the party founded by the late Raul Roco.[52] Moreno announced his candidacy on September 22; his running mate will be Dr. Willie Ong.[53]

Willie Ong (Aksyon)[]

Ong will be the running mate of Moreno; their ticket was officially announced on September 22, 2021.[116]

Panfilo Lacson (Reporma)[]

Main article: Panfilo Lacson 2022 presidential campaign

In July 2021, Senate President Tito Sotto confirmed that Panfilo Lacson will run for president in a tandem with him.[117][118] On September 8, the duo announced their candidacies for the upcoming election.[119]

Tito Sotto (NPC)[]

In July 2021, Tito Sotto announced that he will be Lacson's eventual running mate in the presidential race;[117][118] this was followed by an official campaign announcement on September 8, 2021.[119]

Danilo Lihaylihay (Independent)[]

Lihaylihay filed to run for president on October 8.[107] Lihaylihay notably sued the Bureau of Internal Revenue to reward him 29.58 billion pesos for reportedly helping recover the ill-gotten wealth of the Marcoses. The Sandiganbayan dismissed Lihaylihay's suit on 2019.[120]

Faisal Mangondato (KKK)[]

Mangondato filed to run for president on October 4.[121]

Carlos Serapio (KKK)[]

Serapio said that he will push for federalism in the Philippines if he wins.[122]

Bongbong Marcos (PFP)[]

Main article: Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign

By January 2020, Bongbong Marcos confirmed that he is running "for a national position" in 2022, although he did not specify which position.[64] By September 2020, Marcos's sister Imee said that her brother was still noncommittal to which position he'd run for.[123] A year later, Marcos himself confirmed that "The presidency is not taken off the table."[124] On September 21, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP; transl. Federal Party of the Philippines) nominated Marcos to run for president. If Marcos accepts, he will be inducted as a member of the party and be made its chairman.[65] During the national convention of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL; transl. New Society Movement) in Binangonan, the party founded by his father, he was nominated as the party's candidate for president. Marcos, who remained a member of the Nacionalista Party, thanked KBL for the nomination, but said that he will announce his plans "when the time comes."[66] On October 5, Marcos announced his presidential candidacy.[67] Marcos then resigned from the Nacionalistas and was sworn in at the PFP chairman.[68] Marcos ultimately filed his presidential candidacy under the PFP.[69]

By late November, Marcos faced 3 petitions to cancel his candidacy, four petitions to disqualify him, and 1 petition to declare him as a nuisance candidate.[125] The commission dismissed the petition declaring him a nuisance candidate on early December.[126]

Sara Duterte (Lakas)[]

On July 9, 2021, Mayor Duterte said that she is open to run for president. However, there was no final decision yet.[70] On September 9, 2021, she said that she is not running for president since her father, President Duterte was running for vice president, and they agreed that only one of them will run on a national position.[127] On November 11, she resigned from Hugpong ng Pagbabago and later joined Lakas–CMD on the same day.[74] She filed her candidacy on November 13, 2021, substituting Lyle Fernando Uy.[75] Partido Federal ng Pilipinas adopted Duterte as their vice presidential candidate as Bongbong Marcos' running mate.[76] Lakas and Mayor Duterte then announced that they are supporting Marcos' presidential bid; PDP–Laban first turned down her appeal for support.[128]

Maria Aurora Marcos (Independent)[]

When Marcos filed her candidacy on October 5, she admitted that she has no political machinery, but she has "enough knowledge and ambition".[129]

Jose Montemayor Jr. (DPP)[]

Cardiologist Jose Montemayor Jr. vowed to eliminate COVID-19, corruption, and criminality once he becomes president.[130]

Rizalito David (DPP)[]

David filed his candidacy on October 8.[107] David was most notable for losing a quo warranto petition against Grace Poe in the 2016 election.[131]

Edgar Niez (Independent)[]

Niez filed to run for president on October 5, where he said that "God instructed me to run as His representative."[132]

Manny Pacquiao (PROMDI)[]

Main article: Manny Pacquiao 2022 presidential campaign

Boxing promoter Bob Arum said in June 2020 that Manny Pacquiao told him that he'd run for president instead of defending his Senate seat in 2022.[133] A few days later, Pacquiao denied talking to Arum about politics.[134] A year after that, sports official and former Bacolod mayor and representative Monico Puentebella said that Pacquiao is running for president, and that he was authorized by the latter to talk about politics.[135] In September 2021, Pacquiao said that he only have three options in politics: run for president, run for reelection in the Senate, or retire from politics altogether.[136] On September 19, he accepted the nomination of the PDP-Laban faction led by senator Koko Pimentel.[137] On October 1, 2021, Pacquiao filed his certificate of candidacy for the presidency under PROMDI, the party founded by the late Cebu governor Lito Osmeña.[138]

Lito Atienza (PROMDI)[]

Buhay Party-List representative Lito Atienza was chosen by Pacquiao as his vice presidential running mate.[139]

Leni Robredo (Independent)[]

Main article: Leni Robredo 2022 presidential campaign

On September 30, 2021, 1Sambayan coalition (the coalition of the opposition), nominated Robredo for as their standard bearer.[55] According to Armin Luistro, one of the conveyor of 1Sambayan, Robredo accepted the nomination and will file her candidacy on October 5.[56] Robredo's spokesman clarified that she hasn't accepted a decision yet, but will make a decision on this before October 8.[57] On October 7, Robredo accepted the nomination and announced she will run for president.[58] She later filed her certificate of candidacy on the same day as an independent.[59] Robredo explained that she is running as an independent to show that she is open to making alliances.[60]

Francis Pangilinan (Liberal)[]

In June 2021, Pangilinan announced that he was seeking reelection to the Senate.[140] After Vice President Robredo announced her presidential candidacy, several sources from the Liberal Party indicated that the senator would be her running mate for her presidential bid.[61][62] Pangilinan filed his candidacy for vice president a day after Robredo.[63]

Debates[]

The Commission on Elections confirmed that they will organize debates for both candidates running for president and vice-president. Unlike the debates in the 2016 elections, three presidential debates and three vice-presidential debates will be held. Candidates will be following safety protocols stated by Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF) with no audience participation due to the risks of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.[141] A few weeks later, the commission said that in addition to the three debates each per position, they will hold a primary debate, as a teaser of sorts for the upcoming debates per position. They will also organize the debates themselves, a deviation from 2016 where they let the media organizations organize it.[142]

Opinion polling[]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2022 Philippine presidential election

Opinion polling, commonly known as "surveys" in the Philippines, is conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS), Pulse Asia, and other pollsters.

For president[]

For vice president[]

Issues[]

Experts have warned against voting for candidates backed by the government of China in the 2022 elections, amidst territorial conflicts between China and the Philippines.[143] Duterte's government continued to maintain high approval ratings despite criticism for its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which his approval ratings climbed to a record high level of 91%.[144]

Results[]

These are the tentative lists of candidates released by the Commission on Elections released on December 24. The commission is expected to release a final list that will be included in the ballot. Candidates can still be disqualified until their proclamation.[103]

For president[]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Ernesto AbellaIndependent
Hilario AndesIndependent
Gerald ArcegaIndependent
Leody de GuzmanPartido Lakas ng Masa
Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas
Isko MorenoAksyon Demokratiko
Panfilo LacsonPartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma
Danilo LihaylihayIndependent
Faisal MangondatoKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi
Bongbong MarcosPartido Federal ng Pilipinas
Maria Aurora MarcosIndependent
Jose Montemayor Jr.Democratic Party of the Philippines
Edgar NiezIndependent
Manny PacquiaoProgressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives
Leni RobredoIndependent[a]
Total
Registered voters/turnout65,745,529–
  1. ^ Liberal Party member running as an independent

For vice president[]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Lito AtienzaProgressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives
Walden BelloPartido Lakas ng Masa
Rizalito DavidDemocratic Party of the Philippines
Sara Duterte[a]Lakas–CMD
Manny LopezLabor Party Philippines
Willie OngAksyon Demokratiko
Francis Pangilinan[b]Liberal Party
Carlos SerapioKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi
Tito Sotto[c]Nationalist People's Coalition
Total
Registered voters/turnout65,745,529–
  1. ^ Running mate of Bongbong Marcos (Partido Federal ng Pilipinas)
  2. ^ Running mate of Leni Robredo (Independent)
  3. ^ Running mate of Panfilo Lacson (Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma)

References[]

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