Croatia–Serbia relations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Croatian-Serbian relations
Map indicating locations of Croatia and Serbia

Croatia
Serbia
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Croatia, BelgradeEmbassy of Serbia, Zagreb

Independent Croatia and Serbia established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1996,[1] following the end of the Croatian War of Independence (March 1991—November 1995). From 1918 to 1991, both countries were part of Yugoslavia (the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). They now share 241 kilometers of common border. According to the 2011 Croatian census, there were 186,633 Serbs living in Croatia.[2] According to the 2011 Serbian census, there were 57,900 Croats living in Serbia.[3] Smaller lasting disputes include border disputes over the Island of Šarengrad and the Island of Vukovar. Serbian and standard Croatian are mutually intelligible standardized variety of the Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian language and are official in Serbia and Croatia respectively.

Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica. Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and two general consulates, one in Rijeka and one in Vukovar.

Background[]

See also: Serbs of Croatia § History
The birth house of ban Josip Jelačić was bought from private owners by the Serbian state and given as a gift to the Croatian minority
Delegation of the Serbian Army in a joint parade in Zagreb's Ban Jelačić Square in 1918

During Duke Muncimir of Croatia's reign, the exiled Prince Petar Gojniković of the Serbian House of Vlastimirović stayed in Croatia during his exile and later returned to Rascia and seized power there. Prince Petar exiled his cousins who were pretenders to the Grand Princely throne: Pribislav, Bran and Stefan whom Muncimir received and put under his protection.[4]

With the nation-building process in the mid-19th century, first Croatian–Serbian tension appeared. Serbia′s minister Ilija Garašanin's Načertanije (1844) claimed lands that were inhabited by Bulgarians, Macedonians, Albanians, Montenegrins, Bosnians, Hungarians and Croats as part of Greater Serbia.[5] Garašanin's plan also envisioned methods of spreading Serbian influence in the claimed lands.[5] He proposed ways to influence Croats, who Garašanin regarded as "Serbs of Catholic faith".[5] Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić considered Croatians, who spoke Shtokavian dialect, "Catholic Serbs". Croatia was at the time a kingdom in the Habsburg Monarchy, with Dalmatia and Istria being separate Habsburg Crown lands. Croatian thinker and politician Ante Starčević, an advocate of Croatian unity and independence, who was both anti-Habsburg and anti-Serbian in outlook, envisioned the creation of Greater Croatia that would include territories inhabited by Bosniaks, Serbs, and Slovenes, considering Bosniaks and Serbs to be Croats who had been converted to Islam and Orthodox Christianity, while considering the Slovenes to be "mountain Croats". Starčević, who in 1861 co-founded a nationalist and irredentist Party of Rights, argued that the significant Serb presence in territories claimed by Greater Croatia was the result of recent settlement, encouraged by Habsburg rulers, and the influx of groups like Vlachs who converted to Orthodox Christianity and came to identify themselves as Serbs. Starčević admired Bosniaks because in his view they were Croats who had adopted Islam in order to preserve the economic and political autonomy of Bosnia and Ottoman Croatia. After Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 and Serbia gained its independence from Ottoman Empire, Croatian and Serbian relations deteriorated as both sides had pretensions on Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1902, major anti-Serb riots in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia were provoked by a re-publication by the Zagreb-based Serb Independent Party of an article authored by a Serb Nikola Stojanović that was titled Srbi i Hrvati ("Serbs and Croats"), also known as Do istrage vaše ili naše ("Till the Annihilation, Yours or Ours"). Stojanović denied the existence of the Croatian nation and forecast the result of the "inevitable" Serbian–Croatian conflict:

That combat has to be led till the destruction, either ours or yours. One side must succumb. That side will be Croatians, due to their minority, geographical position, mingling with Serbs and because the process of evolution means Serbhood is equal to progress.[6]

— Nikola Stojanović, Srbobran, 10 August 1902.
Creation of Banovina of Croatia

In World War I, ethnic Croats fought in the Austro-Hungarian Army against the Kingdom of Serbia, while Croatian general Ivan Salis-Seewis was a military governor of occupied Serbia. Some Croat POWs volunteered to fight in Thessaloniki battlefront with Serbian Army. On 29 October 1918, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) declared independence from Austria-Hungary and decided to join the newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs which on 1 December 1918 entered a union with the Kingdom of Serbia and formed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Initial Croatian zeal for the new state faded away as the republican view of a new state was ignored, especially since the concept of Greater Serbia was put in practice during the early 1920s, under the Yugoslav premiership of Nikola Pašić. Using tactics of police intimidation and vote rigging,[7] he diminished the role of the oppositions (mainly those loyal to his Croatian rival, Stjepan Radić) to his government in parliament,[8] creating an environment for centralization of power in the hands of the Serbs in general and Serbian politicians in particular.[9] Police violence further alienated Croats, who began to ask for their own state. On 20 June 1928, Stjepan Radić and five other Croat politicians (supported by a vast majority of Croats) were shot in the National Assembly in Belgrade by a Serb deputy Puniša Račić, enraged by continuous Croatian claims that they were "exploited by Serbia and that Serbia is treating them like a colony." This led to the royal dictatorship of King Alexander in January 1929. The dictatorship formally ended in 1931 when the king imposed a more unitarian constitution and changed the name of the country to Yugoslavia. The Croatian Peasant Party, now led by Vladko Maček who succeeded Radić, continued to advocate federalization of Yugoslavia, resulting in the Cvetković–Maček Agreement of August 1939 and the autonomous Banovina of Croatia.

In April 1941, Yugoslavia was occupied by Germany and Italy who created a puppet-state called the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) which was governed by the pro-Axis Ustasha organization. The Ustashas sought to create ethnically pure Greater Croatia by cleansing Serbs as well as Jews and Roma from its territory.[10][11][12][13] The Ustashas regime systematically murdered around 300,000–350,000 Serbs, as a part of a genocide campaign.[14][15] Approximately 100,000 people, primarily Serbs, Roma and Jews and others were murdered in Jasenovac concentration camp alone. The predominantly Serb Chetniks, a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement and guerrilla force, engaged in war crimes and ethnic cleansing of Muslims and Croats in order to establish Greater Serbia, while also supporting the reinstatement of a Serbian monarchy. Some historians view these crimes as constituting genocide.[16][17][18] The most recent estimates on the number of Muslims and Croats deaths caused by the Chetniks in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina range from 47,000 to 65,000.[19] Following the victory of Yugoslav Partisans, who were led by Croatian communist Josip Broz Tito, the Ustashas and the Chetniks were defeated. Yugoslav communists abolished the monarchy and established one-party socialist republic and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. Newly formed socialist Yugoslav state under Tito's benevolent dictatorship[20] was made up of six socialist republics including SR Serbia and SR Croatia.

Yugoslav wars and establishment of diplomatic relations[]

Main articles: Breakup of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav Wars, Croatian War of Independence, and Bosnian War

The period of 1991 to 1995 is marked as the Croatian War of Independence.[21] It was preceded by SANU Memorandum, which was published by Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1986 and which had assumed creation of Greater Serbia, consisting of most of Croatian territory and whole Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia. For this purpose, Serbs living in Croatia stimulated by Serbian leadership established Republic of Serbian Krajina, which captured third of the whole territory of Croatia, which was occupied by the remnants of the Serbian-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (from FR Yugoslavia) from 1991 to 1992 and was supported by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia through military support.[22][23] The reason for the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to support the Republic of Serbian Krajina against Croatian forces were common interests in upholding the status quo of keeping ethnic Serbs of former Yugoslav territories united, either within the extant Yugoslav state or as satellite states serving as proxies to Belgrade.[24] The war killed some 20,000 people from both sides.[25] An estimated 170,000 to 250,000 Croats and other non-Serbs were expelled from parts of Croatia overrun by Serb forces and hundreds of Croatian and other non-Serbian civilians were killed. [26] [27] During the Croatian military's Operation Storm in August 1995, around 250,000 Serbs[28] fled from their homes and hundreds of Serb civilians were killed.[29][30]

Following the war in Croatia, the two countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1996.[31] Croatia filed a genocide lawsuit against Serbia at the International Court of Justice in 1999, and after Zagreb declined requests to withdraw it, Belgrade filed a countersuit in 2010.[32] Both lawsuits were dismissed on 3 February 2015, as International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia found no evidence to support either claim. The court ruled that both sides undoubtedly committed crimes, but they were not committed with genocidal intent so they are not considered genocide according to the Court's definition of genocide.[33]

In 2005, Croatia ratified a bilateral agreement with Serbia and Montenegro on the protection of the Serbian and Montenegrin minority in Croatia and the Croatian national minority in Serbia and Montenegro.[34]

On 13 November 2020, the minister of foreign affairs of Serbia Nikola Selaković said that Serbs are still discriminated against in Croatia.[35]

In 2020, the birth home of Ban of Croatia Josip Jelačić, built in the 18th century and located in Petrovaradin, was bought by the Republic of Serbia from private owners. It was later reconstructed and given as a gift to the Croatian community.[36]

In July 2021, Croatia announced that an image of Nikola Tesla would appear on its currency when it joined the Euro. Officials from the National Bank of Serbia stated that such a move was inappropriate and filed a complaint with their EU counterparts.[37] The dispute over Tesla's ethnic origin has long affected the two countries' bilateral relations.[38]

Border dispute[]

Main article: Croatia–Serbia border dispute
Boris Tadić, President of Serbia, and Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia, in Zagreb, 2007.
Boris Tadić, President of Serbia, and Jadranka Kosor, Prime Minister of Croatia, in Ptuj, 2010.

Due to the meandering of the Danube, the eastern border of Baranya with Serbia according to cadastral delineation is not followed, as each country controls territory on their side of the main river flow.

Further south, near Vukovar and near Šarengrad, there are two river islands (Island of Vukovar and Island of Šarengrad) which have been part of SR Croatia (during Yugoslavia) but during the war they came under Serbian control.

Croatia requests that the islands be returned because of the Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia decision from 1991 that all internal borders between Yugoslav republics have become international. Serbia's position is that the natural border between the countries is the middle of the main flow of Danube, which would make the islands Serbian territory.[39] Military occupation of the islands ended recently after an incident in which Serbian military opened fire and arrested the Mayor of Vukovar Vladimir Štengel with nineteen other Croatian civilians and eight children who were going to visit Zvezdan Kisić, the Mayor of the Serbian town Bačka Palanka.[40] These islands are now under Serbian police control.

Consulate General of Serbia in Vukovar[]

Serbia established a diplomatic mission in Vukovar, Croatia on 5 February 1998,[41] twenty days after the end of the reintegration process of Eastern Slavonia, Baranya and Western Syrmia into Croatia, which was the end of the Croatian War of Independence. The consulate is responsible for five Slavonian counties: Vukovar-Syrmia, Osijek-Baranja, Brod-Posavina, Požega-Slavonia and Virovitica-Podravina.

Due to the huge interest of local citizens, in the beginning consulate operated also in Beli Manastir.[42] The consulate at the end of the war played a very positive role in the life of the local Serbian minority in the city and region.[41][43][44][45]

Representatives of the consulate are frequent interlocutors of local and national media when it comes to issues of protection and promotion of Serbian identity in the Danube region.[46][47] Consulate organizes and participates in various cultural and educational projects and humanitarian actions, some of which are the celebration of the signing of Erdut Agreement,[44] showing of documentary films,[48] donation of equipment,[49] organizing concerts[50] etc. On the occasion of 150th anniversary of the birth of Nikola Tesla, the consulate, in conjunction with the U.S. Embassy in Zagreb, co-financed Days of Nikola Tesla in Osijek.[51]

Over time the consulate achieved close cooperation with minority institutions and organizations such as Joint Council of Municipalities, Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranya, and Radio Borovo.

International organizations[]

Both countries are full members of the Southeast European Cooperation Process, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Central European Initiative and Southeast European Cooperative Initiative.

Croatia also supports Accession of Serbia to the European Union.[52][53]

Popular culture[]

Rivalry in basketball[]

Vlade Divac and Dražen Petrović at the 1990 FIBA World Championship

The big rivalry in basketball started at the FIBA European Championship in 1995. At the time, Croatia was a newly independent state, while Serbia was a federal unit of FR Yugoslavia. Both countries did well in the tournament, with Yugoslavia ranking first. The third-place Croatian team caused an international scandal when they walked off the medal stand and out of the arena just before Serbs and Montenegrins were about to receive their gold medals.[54] Curiously, there hasn't been a single direct game involving the two countries over the course of the championship.

Croatia and Yugoslavia did face each other in a game at EuroBasket 1997. Four seconds before the end of the tense game, Croatian team was leading by two points when Serbian Saša Đorđević took the ball and made a three-pointer, winning the game for Yugoslavia.[55] Yugoslavia went on to win the championship, while Croatia ended up ranking 11th overall.

Afterward, at EuroBasket 2001, Croats were heavily beaten by 80–66. Their last match at a major competition was at the 2016 Olympics, were Serbia also won 86–83.

This rivalry went on also to clubs. Serbian clubs dominate in the regional ABA League, where they won nine times (out of which Partizan eight times), and Croatian clubs won only one title.[56]

Rivalry in football[]

Further information: Croatia–Serbia football rivalry

Rivalries between Croatian and Serbian football contenders became especially famous to the world in the early 1990s, starting with the historic Dinamo Zagreb–Red Star Belgrade riot, which emphasized in some peoples' eyes the breakup of Yugoslavia. The Croatia national football team and the FR Yugoslavia national football team played on only a few occasions—the first being in 1999 in the UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying Group 8. Nevertheless, the rivalry between the two teams has been described as one of fiercest in the world.[57][58][59][60] Fourteen years later, for the first time in history, Serbia as an independent country played against the Croatian team on 22 March 2013 in qualification group A of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The match, which Croatia won 2–0, was closely followed around the world.[61] The football federations of Serbia and Croatia agreed to ban foreign guest fans at the two games because of security concerns.[62] Later, Croatia drew Serbia 1–1 in Belgrade which meant Serbia was eliminated. During the match, Miralem Sulejmani, who was in a goal scoring opportunity, was knocked down by a tactical tackle from Josip Šimunić for which he was given a red card.[63]

Some Serbs, including the tennis star Novak Djokovic, who supported Croatia national team at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, were publicly criticized by some politicians and media.[64][65][66][67]

Croatian stance on Kosovo[]

Further information: Croatia–Kosovo relations

Croatia recognized Kosovo as an independent and sovereign republic on 19 March 2008.[68][1] Croatia opened their embassy in Pristina on 7 November 2008, while Kosovo opened theirs in Zagreb on 19 February 2010.[69][70]

Diplomatic missions[]

Croatian ambassadors to Belgrade[]

Serbian ambassadors to Zagreb[]

Diplomacy[]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "MVEP • Datumi priznanja". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  2. ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  3. ^ "Official Census 2011 Results". Republički zavod za statistiku. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  4. ^ De Administrando Imperio, XXXII. Of the Serbs and of the country they now dwell in
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c Cohen, Philip J. (1996). Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 0-89096-760-1.
  6. ^ Bilandžić, Dušan (1999). Hrvatska moderna povijest. Golden marketing. p. 31. ISBN 953-6168-50-2.
  7. ^ Balkan Politics, Time magazine, 31 March 1923
  8. ^ Elections, Time magazine, 23 February 1925
  9. ^ The Opposition, Time magazine, 6 April 1925
  10. ^ "Balkan 'Auschwitz' haunts Croatia". BBC News. 25 April 2005. Retrieved 29 September 2010. No one really knows how many died here. Serbs talk of 700,000. Most estimates put the figure nearer 100,000.
  11. ^ "Croatian holocaust still stirs controversy". BBC News. 29 November 2001. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  12. ^ "Deciphering the Balkan Enigma: Using History to Inform Policy" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  13. ^ Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World Fascism: A-K. ABC-CLIO. p. 691. ISBN 978-1-57607-940-9.
  14. ^ Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. (2004). Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. Routledge. p. 422. ISBN 978-1-13594-558-9.
  15. ^ Ramet, Sabrina P. (1992). Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962-1991 (Second ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-25334-794-7.
  16. ^ Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia. Stanford University Press. p. 747. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
  17. ^ Redžić, Enver (2005). Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War. New York: Tylor and Francis. p. 155. ISBN 978-0714656250.
  18. ^ Marko Attila Hoare (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. Saqi. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-86356-953-1.
  19. ^ Geiger 2012, pp. 86–87.
  20. ^ Shapiro, Susan; Shapiro, Ronald (2004). The Curtain Rises: Oral Histories of the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1672-6.
    "...All Yugoslavs had educational opportunities, jobs, food, and housing regardless of nationality. Tito, seen by most as a benevolent dictator, brought peaceful co-existence to the Balkan region, a region historically synonymous with factionalism."
  21. ^ Chuck Sudetic (3 January 1992). "Yugoslav Factions Agree to U.N. Plan to Halt Civil War". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  22. ^ Martić verdict, pp. 122–123
    "The Trial Chamber found that the evidence showed that the President of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, openly supported the preservation of Yugoslavia as a federation of which the SAO Krajina would form a part. However, the evidence established that Slobodan Milošević covertly intended the creation of a Serb state. This state was to be created through the establishment of paramilitary forces and the provocation of incidents in order to create a situation where the JNA could intervene. Initially, the JNA would intervene to separate the parties but subsequently the JNA would intervene to secure the territories envisaged to be part of a future Serb state."
  23. ^ "Final report of the United Nations Commission of Experts established pursuant to security council resolution 780 (1992), Annex IV – The policy of ethnic cleansing; Prepared by: M. Cherif Bassiouni". United Nations. 28 December 1994. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  24. ^ Brown & Karim (1995), p. 120
  25. ^ "Presidents apologise over Croatian war". BBC News. 10 September 2003.
  26. ^ "Milosevic: Important New Charges on Croatia". Human Rights Watch. 21 October 2001. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
  27. ^ Marlise Simons (10 October 2001). "Milosevic, Indicted Again, Is Charged With Crimes in Croatia". New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
  28. ^ Nettelfield, Lara J. (2010). Courting Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cambridge University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-52176-380-6.
  29. ^ "Operation Storm: Croatia's Triumph, Serbia's Grief". Balkan Insight. 3 August 2015.
  30. ^ Fischer, Martina; Simic, Olivera (2015). Transitional Justice and Reconciliation: Lessons from the Balkans. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-31752-956-9.
  31. ^ "Yugoslavia-Croatia ties". The New York Times. 10 September 1996. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  32. ^ Balkan Insight7,590 likes · 148 talking about this. "Balkan Insight". Facebook. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  33. ^ "Tužbe Hrvatske i Srbije za genocid – odbijene". Al Jazeera Balkans. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  34. ^ "Croatia: Serbs". Minority Rights Group International.
  35. ^ "MINISTAR SELAKOVIĆ UPOZORIO: Srbi i dalje diskriminisani u Hrvatskoj". Pink.rs | Najbrži portal u Srbiji (in Serbian). Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  36. ^ Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of. "Rodna kuća bana Josipa Jelačića vraćena Hrvatskoj nacionalnoj zajednici". www.rts.rs. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  37. ^ "Serbia Objects To Croatia's Plan To Put Inventor Tesla On Future Euro Coin". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  38. ^ Đorđević, Nikola (31 July 2021). "Who owns Nikola Tesla?". Emerging Europe. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  39. ^ "Čija je Šarengradska ada?". rts.rs (in Serbian). Radio Television of Serbia. 7 February 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  40. ^ "Slobodna Dalmacija: 29". Hsp1861.hr. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b "Yugoslav Daily Survey, 98-08-14". Hri.org. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  42. ^ "Yugoslav Daily Survey, 97-12-17". Hri.org. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  43. ^ "Najveći odaziv od rušenja Miloševića – mJutarnji". Jutarnji.hr. 20 January 2008. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b "Vukovarske-novine.com – Health Tips and Advice". Vukovarske-novine.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  45. ^ "Vukovarske-novine.com – Health Tips and Advice" (PDF). Vukovarske-novine.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  46. ^ "Generalni Konzulat Republike Srbije". Gk-srbije-vukovar.hr. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  47. ^ VuCafe.org (29 April 2004). "VuCafe.Org". VuCafe.Org. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  48. ^ "Vesti – Vukovar: Film o nestalim Srbima". B92. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  49. ^ "Vukovarske-novine.com – Health Tips and Advice". Vukovarske-novine.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  50. ^ "Vukovarske-novine.com – Health Tips and Advice" (PDF). Vukovarske-novine.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  51. ^ "Školica – Teslini dani u Osijeku". Skolica.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  52. ^ "VESNA PUSIĆ U BEOGRADU 'Hrvatska podupire suradnju Kine i središnje i istočne Europe'".
  53. ^ K.T./HINA. "'Hrvatska neće uvjetovati Srbiji napredak k EU'". Vijesti.hr. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  54. ^ Clarey, Christopher (3 July 1995). "BASKETBALL; Politics Take Center Court as Yugoslavs Win Title". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  55. ^ Sasa Djordjevic trojka protiv Hrvatske. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 2 May 2016 – via YouTube.
  56. ^ "Kecman sa pola terena za titulu!". B92.net. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  57. ^ CNN – SPORT – Football – Top 10 international rivalries Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  58. ^ Goal – News – Portugal v Spain & the 10 most intense international football rivalries Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  59. ^ Reuters – Soccer – Serbia and Croatia in World Cup stare-down Retrieved 31 July 2011.
  60. ^ Caufght offside – Fifa 2014 World Cup qualifying draw: Some hugely interesting fixtures ahead Archived 23 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  61. ^ Ralston, Gary (23 March 2013). "Croatia 2 Serbia 0: Hurricane of hatred blows itself out as Croats breeze by deadly rivals". dailyrecord.co.uk. DailyRecord.
  62. ^ Sportske – Vest – Domaci Fudbal – Bez navijaca u Zagrebu i Beogradu (Without fans in Zagreb and Belgrade) Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  63. ^ Milosavljevic, Zoran (6 September 2013). "Soccer-Serbia hold Croatia to draw in highly-charged qualifier". Reuters.
  64. ^ "Serbs who support Croatia at WC "psychopaths", SNS official". N1. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  65. ^ "Novak Djokovic comes under fire for Croatia World Cup support". sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  66. ^ "Novak Djokovic's backing for Croatia riles fellow Serbs". The Times. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  67. ^ "Rakitic backs Djokovic over Croatia World Cup support". tennis365.com. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  68. ^ ""Težak zalogaj": Hrvatska priznala Kosovo!". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  69. ^ "Hrvatska otvorila veleposlanstvo u Prištini". Index.hr (in Croatian). 7 November 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  70. ^ D. Ma. (19 February 2010). "Otvoreno veleposlanstvo Kosova u Zagrebu". Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 8 February 2021.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""