Football in Croatia

Football in Croatia
Home stadium of club Hajduk Split
Country	Croatia
Governing body	Croatian Football Federation
National team(s)	men's national team women's national team
National competitions
1. HNL 2. HNL 3. HNL Croatian Cup Croatin Super Cup
Club competitions
UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League UEFA Super Cup FIFA Club World Cup
International competitions
FIFA World Cup UEFA European Championship UEFA Nations League

Football in Croatia, called nogomet, is the most popular sport in the country and is led by the Croatian Football Federation.^[1] It is played in four official components; the domestic league consists of three hierarchical echelons, and a single national team represents the entire state.

The first Croat clubs were founded prior to the First World War and participated in the Yugoslavian league structure after Croatia became a part of Yugoslavia following the war. From 1940 to 1944, nineteen friendly matches were played by a Croatia national side representing the Second World War-era puppet states of the Banovina of Croatia and Independent State of Croatia. After the war, most of the prominent Yugoslavian clubs, including clubs in Croatia, were dissolved and replaced with new sides by Marshal Tito's Communist regime.

Today, club football in Croatia is dominated by Dinamo Zagreb. Since independence, the country has produced a string of players who have performed well in many of Europe's most highly regarded leagues and who took the national team to third place at the 1998 World Cup^[1] and the final at the 2018 World Cup.

Format[]

The governing body of football in Croatia is the Croatian Football Federation.^[2] It oversees the organization of:

• Leagues:
  • Prva HNL
  • Druga HNL
  • Treća HNL
  • Četvrta HNL
• Cup tournaments:
  • Croatian Cup
  • Croatian Supercup
• National teams:
  • Croatia national football team
  • Croatia national under-21 football team
  • Croatia national under-19 football team
  • Croatia national under-17 football team
  • Croatia women's national football team

Note: the aforementioned competitions are for men if not stated differently. Women's football exists but is much less developed or popular.

Teams[]

According to many surveys conducted by multiple newspapers, the most popular club in Croatia is Dinamo Zagreb which is also the most successful club. Their main rivals and second biggest club in Croatia is Hajduk Split, followed by HNK Rijeka and NK Osijek.

Seasons[]

The following articles detail major results and events in each footballing season since the early 1990s, when the Croatian First Football League was established. Each article provides final league standings for that season, as well as details on cup results, Croatia national football team results, and a summary of any other important events during the season.

History[]

A plaque in Rijeka marking the site of the 1873 football game

The earliest record of football in Croatia dates from 1873, when English engineers and technicians of Stabilimento tecnico Fiumano played in Rijeka against the engineers building the local railway line,^[3] with local Fiumans also taking part in the game.^[4] The first recorded football match played in the Kingdom of Croatia was played in 1880 in Županja, between English workers of The Oak Extract Company and local youths.^[3] In 1890 the first school-based football clubs are founded by high school students in Rijeka.^[4] The sport was further popularized in Croatia by Franjo Bučar in the 1890s.^[5] The Croatian translation of the sport's name, nogomet, was coined by the linguist Slavko Rutzner Radmilović in 1893 or 1894.^[6] The name was accepted into Slovenian as well.

The earliest officially registered clubs were founded in Pula before the turn of the century, when in August 1899 the locals founded Club Iris and later in the same year Veloce Club,^[7] both multi-sport association that had also very popular football sections.^[8] The first clubs to be founded in the then Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia were HAŠK and PNIŠK, in 1903. In Rijeka was founded in 1905 and in 1904, but its football section may have had its first seating only in 1906, which is stil debated. That same year Giovine Fiume started its activities in Rijeka and HŠK Concordia in Zagreb. Among the earliest clubs also and Olimpija Karlovac were created in 1908. In 1908 also the first win against an English side comes when CS Olimpia beats 1-0 the football team of the Cunard Line ship RMS Brescia.^[4] In 1909 GŠK Marsonia started playing in Slavonski Brod and the Fiumei AC is invited to the Hungarian Championship, where it decides not to play. In 1910 the club Forza e Coraggio was founded in Dubrovnik and the Società Ginnastica e Scherma in Zadar opens officially its football section, and these will battle in the first ,^[9] won by Forza e Coraggio before being forced to change its name into U.S. Ragusa.^[10] Hajduk, Građanski and SK Opatija were all founded in the same year 1911.^[11] The first football club to be founded with Croat involvement as a minority was Bačka in Subotica in 1901, in what was then the Kingdom of Hungary and is today Serbia. In Bosnia and Herzegovina Zrinjski Mostar was founded by Croats in 1905 and was the first club to be founded in that country. The Croatian Football Federation itself was created in 1912 which is also the year of the first Croatia and Slavonia championship, won by HAŠK.^[12] In 1912 the Dalmatian championship is won by Società Bersaglieri and in its third edition is won by Calcio Spalato, who then played and lost to the best club from the Trieste region, Edera.^[13]

Hajduk Split

Zagreb

Slavija Osijek

Slavija Varaždin

Zagreb clubs:

Građanski
HAŠK
Concordia

Teams from the Republic of Croatia which competed in the Yugoslavian football championship from 1923–1940

After World War I, Croats played a major part in the founding of the first football federation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later named Football Association of Yugoslavia. Its headquarters were initially in Zagreb before moving to Belgrade in 1929.These are the times when talented Ico Hitrec played football. In 1927, Hajduk Split took part in the inaugural Mitropa Cup for Central European clubs.

Croatia had its first international football match on April 2, 1940 against Switzerland. During World War II, the Croatian Football Federation joined FIFA as a representative of the Independent State of Croatia, but this was contentious and short-lived as was the fascist puppet-state. After the war, football was resumed in the second Yugoslavia. The communist regime in the new state quickly moved to ban all club names who had either participated in the Croatian or Italian championships or bore Croatian national names.

The new regime formally dissolved all football clubs to copy Moscow's stalinist sport model merging all clubs into extensive sport unions – often undergoing a heavy rebranding more in line with the communist ideals.^[14] So Građanski was renamed NK Dinamo Zagreb, Fiumana became S.C.F. Quarnero, ŽŠK Victoria became NK Lokomotiva, to name a few. Most clubs had to explicitly show loyalty to the regime, and it was common for them to have a communist red star as part of their new emblems, apart from a proletarian sounding identity.^[15] Many of clubs were considered to have moral links to the Ustaše or the Italian fascists. Among the victims completely disbanded clubs included top-sides Concordia, PNIŠK and HAŠK, as well as the major Croatian clubs in today's Bosnia and Herzegovina SAŠK and HŠK Zrinjski Mostar. The largest club to avoid rebranding was Hajduk Split who had refused to participate in the Croatian competition and had strong links with the partizan army of Tito.

As Tito broke up with Stalin, most sport union reverted back to being football clubs in the following years. Over the following decades, the Croatian clubs performed well in the Yugoslav First League and the Yugoslav Cup. Hajduk and Dinamo formed one half of the Big Four of Yugoslav football (the other two being FK Partizan and Red Star Belgrade). Rijeka won 2 Yugoslav cups. In 1967, Zlatko Čajkovski of German club Bayern Munich became the only Croatian manager to win the European Cup Winners' Cup.

After Croatia gained independence in the 1990s, the football federation was reconstituted and joined the international associations.^[16] The Croatian internationals from the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship-winning team went on to achieve more success, spawning the Golden Generation who won third place at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.^[17] Since then, Croatia has continued to produce top players. At the more recent Euro 2008, they famously beat 2006 FIFA World Cup bronze medalists Germany 2–1 in a shock win but exited the tournament courtesy of a penalty shoot-out against Turkey in the quarterfinals.

Earliest clubs in Croatia[]

Clubs in European competitions[]

• Hajduk Split is the only Croatian club to date—either during the Yugoslav period or since independence—to have played in the knockout stages of the European Cup or UEFA Champions League, having reached the quarter-finals on three occasions (in 1975–76, 1979–80 and 1994–95).
• Dinamo Zagreb have qualified for the Champions League group stage on seven occasions (in 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2019–20) but have yet to progress further.
• Both Dinamo and Hajduk have advanced past the round of sixteen of the UEFA Cup or UEFA Europa League, Hajduk played in the semi-finals in 1983–84 and the quarterfinals in 1985–86. They also reached the UEFA Cup's last sixteen in 1981–82 and 1986–87, while Dinamo Zagreb reached the quarterfinals in 2020–21 and the last sixteen in 1997–98 and 2018–19.
• Dinamo Zagreb had succes winning the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1967 which is the only European trophy won by Croatian clubs. Dinamo also reached the final four years earlier in 1963 but suffered a loss to Valencia. In 1970–71 season, they reached third round. Croatian clubs also had success in the defunct UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Both Dinamo Zagreb (1960–61) and Hajduk Split (1972–73) reached the semi-finals of the competitions. Dinamo have also reached the quarterfinals in 1964–65 and 1969–70, while Hajduk were eliminated at that stage in 1977–78. UEFA Cup Winners' Cup is also the only European competition that has seen Croatian clubs other than Dinamo and Hajduk reach the advanced stages. Rijeka reached the quarterfinals in the 1979–80 edition, while Varteks advanced to the quarterfinals in 1998–99, the last edition of the competition.

Best results[]

The table below lists Croatian clubs' best results in elimination rounds of European club competitions:

Competition	Season	Round	Team 1	Agg.	Team 2	1st leg	2nd leg
UCWC	1960–61	SF	Fiorentina	4–2	Dinamo Zagreb	3–0	1–2
UCWC	1972–73	SF	Leeds United	1–0	Hajduk Split	1–0	0–0
EC	1975–76	QF	Hajduk Split	2–3	PSV Eindhoven	2–0	0–3 (aet)
EC	1979–80	QF	Hamburger SV	3–3 (a)	Hajduk Split	1–0	2–3
UC	1983–84	SF	Hajduk Split	2–2 (a)	Tottenham Hotspur	2–1	0–1
UCL	1994–95	QF	Hajduk Split	0–3	Ajax	0–0	0–3
EL	2020–21	QF	Dinamo Zagreb	1–3	Villarreal	0–1	1–2
UCWC	1998–99	QF	Varteks	1–3	Mallorca	0–0	1–3

Footballers in international club competitions[]

The following table lists all Croatian players who are credited to win an international final (either appeared in the final, being unused substitutes or were in the squad in earlier rounds of the tournament). It does not include Croatians who were considered Yugoslav players prior to Croatia's independence in 1991.

As of 2021 a total of eleven Croatian players are credited as winning the Champions League: Alen Bokšić, Zvonimir Boban, Davor Šuker, Dario Šimić, Igor Bišćan, Mario Mandžukić, Luka Modrić, Ivan Rakitić, Mateo Kovačić, Dejan Lovren and Ivan Perišić, although Šimić, Bišćan and Lovren did not appear in the finals.^[18] In terms of appearances, fourteen players have played in the final (Bokšić, Boban, Šuker, Boris Živković, Marko Babić, Igor Tudor, Dado Pršo, Ivica Olić, Mandžukić, Modrić, Rakitić, Lovren, Perišić and Kovačić), but only five players appeared more than once – Bokšić (1993, 1997), Boban (1994, 1995), Olić (2010, 2012), Mandžukić (2013, 2017) and Modrić (2014, 2016, 2017, 2018). Two Croatian players have scored a goal in the final match, Mandžukić in the 2013 and 2017 final, and Rakitić in the 2015 final.

As of 2019 a total of seven Croatian players are credited as winning the Europa League: Mario Stanić, Ivica Olić, Ivica Križanac, Darijo Srna, Ivan Rakitić, Šime Vrsaljko and Mateo Kovačić – although Stanić did not appear for his club in the final. The only Croatian player to have scored a goal in the final match was Nikola Kalinić in the 2015 final.^[19]

Futsal[]

Futsal, called mali nogomet (lit. "small football") in Croatia, is also widely played and is sometimes considered as a mini football league. It is often taught in schools and also played by football professionals as a pastime.

The Croatian First League of Futsal is the top-tier futsal competition.

Fans[]

The Croatian football fans organize in various fan groups such as the Torcida (Hajduk), Bad Blue Boys (Dinamo), Armada (Rijeka), Kohorta (Osijek), etc.

On the international games, the Croatian fans usually wear the checkerboard colors red and white, as they are on the Croatian coat of arms.

See also[]

• Croatian football league system

References[]

Sources[]

• "Hrvatska". Nogometni leksikon (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
• Marković, Ivan (December 2012). "O počecima hrvatskoga nogometa" [On the beginnings of the Croatian word nogomet (E. football)] (PDF). Croatica (in Croatian). 6 [36] (6 [56]): 305–328. Retrieved 30 August 2018.

External links[]

• League321.com – Croatian football league tables, records & statistics database. (in English)