Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
Cycling at the Summer Paralympics | |
---|---|
Governing body | IPC |
Events | 44 (men: 30; women: 12; mixed: 2) |
Games | |
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Cycling has been contested at every Summer Paralympic Games since the 1984 Summer Paralympics.
Summary[]
Games | Year | Events | Best Nation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
2 | ||||
3 | ||||
4 | ||||
5 | ||||
6 | ||||
7 | 1984 | 7 | Norway | |
8 | 1988 | 7 | South Korea | |
9 | 1992 | 9 | Germany | |
10 | 1996 | 23 | Australia | |
11 | 2000 | 27 | Australia | |
12 | 2004 | 31 | Australia | |
13 | 2008 | 44 | Great Britain | |
14 | 2012 | 50 | Great Britain | |
15 | 2016 | 50 | Great Britain | |
16 | 2020 | 51 | Great Britain |
Classification[]
Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function.[1]
At the 2008 Summer Paralympics and earlier, classes were:
- B&VI 1–3: Cyclists with a visual impairment, using a tandem bicycle
- LC 1–4: Cyclists with a locomotor disability, including those with amputations
- CP 1–4: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, using a tricycle (CP 1–2) or bicycle (CP 3–4)
- HC A, B, and C: Cyclists using a handcycle
At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, a functional para-cycling classification system was used.
- B: Cyclists with a vision impairment, using a tandem bicycle
- T 1–2: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, MS or similar neuro-motor impairment, using a tricycle
- C 1–5: Cyclists with amputations, neuromotor or musculoskeletal impairment, using a bicycle
- H 1–4: Cyclists using a handcycle
Factoring[]
In some cycling events, cyclists with different classifications compete against each other for one set of medals. Many (but not all) such events are factored, reducing the times of riders in lower classifications to take their greater impairment into account. Factoring percentages are based on average race times by riders in each classification.[2]
At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, factored races included the mixed tricycle time trial, Women's C1–3 road time trial,[3] Women's H1–2 road time trial and track C1–3 and C4–5 events.
Medal table[]
Updated to 2020 Summer Paralympics. Countries in italics are former countries who participated in the Paralympics.
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Great Britain (GBR) | 51 | 30 | 16 | 97 |
2 | Australia (AUS) | 41 | 35 | 34 | 110 |
3 | United States (USA) | 26 | 41 | 32 | 99 |
4 | Germany (GER) | 23 | 28 | 22 | 73 |
5 | Netherlands (NED) | 19 | 16 | 16 | 51 |
6 | France (FRA) | 18 | 11 | 21 | 50 |
7 | Italy (ITA) | 17 | 15 | 14 | 46 |
8 | Spain (ESP) | 13 | 15 | 21 | 49 |
9 | China (CHN) | 13 | 15 | 17 | 45 |
10 | Canada (CAN) | 9 | 13 | 14 | 36 |
11 | Austria (AUT) | 8 | 12 | 8 | 28 |
12 | Czech Republic (CZE) | 8 | 7 | 10 | 25 |
13 | Slovakia (SVK) | 6 | 5 | 4 | 15 |
14 | Ireland (IRL) | 6 | 4 | 4 | 14 |
15 | Japan (JPN) | 5 | 7 | 6 | 18 |
16 | Poland (POL) | 5 | 7 | 3 | 15 |
17 | Switzerland (SUI) | 5 | 6 | 8 | 19 |
18 | Belgium (BEL) | 4 | 5 | 9 | 18 |
19 | Ukraine (UKR) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
20 | Belarus (BLR) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
21 | South Korea (KOR) | 3 | 6 | 5 | 14 |
22 | Norway (NOR) | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
23 | South Africa (RSA) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
24 | RPC (RPC) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
25 | New Zealand (NZL) | 2 | 3 | 7 | 12 |
26 | Romania (ROU) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
27 | Denmark (DEN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
28 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
29 | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Finland (FIN) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
31 | West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
32 | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Portugal (POR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
34 | Israel (ISR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
35 | Colombia (COL) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
36 | Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Lebanon (LIB) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
38 | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Totals (38 nations) | 301 | 301 | 296 | 898 |
Events[]
Road cycling, men[]
Current events | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Events | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years |
Road race | - | - | X | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | 6 |
Time trial | X | X | X | X | - | X | X | X | X | X | 9 |
Past events | |||||||||||
Events | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years |
Team tandem open, time trial | - | - | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Track cycling, men[]
Current events | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Event | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years | |||
Bicycle, individual pursuit | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | 5 | |||
Bicycle, time trial | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | 5 | |||
Tandem, individual pursuit | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | |||
Tandem, time trial | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | |||
Past events | |||||||||||
Events | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years | |||
Bicycle, team sprint | - | - | X | X | - | - | - | 2 | |||
Tandem, sprint | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | 4 |
Road cycling, women[]
Nation | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Road race | X | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | 6 |
Time trial | X | - | X | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
Track cycling, women[]
Current events | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Events | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years | |||
Bicycle, individual pursuit | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | 3 | |||
Bicycle, 500m time trial | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | 4 | |||
Tandem, individual pursuit | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | |||
Tandem, 1km time trial | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | |||
Past events | |||||||||||
Events | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years | |||
Bicycle, 1km time trial | - | - | X | - | - | X | - | 2 | |||
Tandem, sprint | - | - | X | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Mixed events[]
Current road events | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Events | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years |
Team relay | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | 3 |
Current track events | |||||||||||
Events | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years |
Team, sprint | No track events held | - | X | - | - | X | X | X | 4 | ||
Past events | |||||||||||
Events | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years |
Road race | - | - | - | X | X | - | X | X | - | - | 4 |
Time trial | - | - | - | X | X | - | X | X | - | - | 4 |
Omnium | No track events held | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | ||
Tandem open, individual pursuit | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | |||
Tandem open, sprint | X | X | - | - | X | X | - | 4 | |||
Tandem open, time trial | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
Nations[]
Nation | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | Years | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan (AFG) | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albania (ALB) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Argentina (ARG) | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Australia (AUS) | 1 | 8 | 14 | 22 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Austria (AUT) | 1 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Barbados (BAR) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Belarus (BLR) | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Belgium (BEL) | 3 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brazil (BRA) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Burkina Faso (BUR) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canada (CAN) | 4 | 3 | 15 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
China (CHN) | 6 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Colombia (COL) | 1 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costa Rica (CRC) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Croatia (CRO) | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cuba (CUB) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech Republic (CZE) | 3 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 1 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Denmark (DEN) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dominican Republic (DOM) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estonia (EST) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finland (FIN) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
France (FRA) | 1 | 6 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 5 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
Germany (GER) | 9 | 13 | 13 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ghana (GHA) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Great Britain (GBR) | 1 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 19 | 20 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
Greece (GRE) | 4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Haiti (HAI) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungary (HUN) | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Iran (IRI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ireland (IRL) | 1 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Israel (ISR) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italy (ITA) | 8 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 13 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Japan (JPN) | 2 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lebanon (LBN) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Luxembourg (LUX) | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Malaysia (MAS) | 2 | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mexico (MEX) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netherlands (NED) | 3 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 18 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
New Zealand (NZL) | 2 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norway (NOR) | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
Pakistan (PAK) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peru (PER) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Poland (POL) | 3 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portugal (POR) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Romania (ROU) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Russia (RUS) | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Serbia (SRB) | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singapore (SGP) | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Slovakia (SVK) | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Slovenia (SLO) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Africa (RSA) | 4 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Korea (KOR) | 10 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Spain (ESP) | 17 | 26 | 23 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sweden (SWE) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Switzerland (SUI) | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unified Team (EUN) | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
United States (USA) | 3 | 11 | 30 | 35 | 35 | 18 | 13 | 17 | 24 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
Venezuela (VEN) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
West Germany (FRG) | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nations | 8 | 11 | 19 | 23 | 25 | 39 | 39 | 48 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Competitors | 22 | 40 | 149 | 181 | 202 | 196 | 220 | 223 | 235 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 |
See also[]
- Cycling at the Summer Olympics
- Cycle sport
- Para-cycling
- Para-cycling classification
- UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships
- UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships
References[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cycling at the Summer Paralympics. |
- ^ Cycling Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Paralympic Committee
- ^ "Paralympics: Cyclist wins GB's first medal". Channel 4. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "Cycling - Road". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- IPC Historical Results Database - General Search, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
- Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
- Cycling at multi-sport events
- Sports at the Summer Paralympics