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Douglas Murray (author)

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Douglas Murray
Murray in 2019
Murray in 2019
BornDouglas Kear Murray
(1979-07-16) 16 July 1979 (age 42)
London, England
Occupation
  • Author
  • political commentator
Education
Period2000–present
Subject
  • Politics
  • culture
  • history
Notable works
Website
douglasmurray.net

Douglas Kear Murray (born 16 July 1979)[1] is a British author and political commentator.[2] He founded the Centre for Social Cohesion in 2007, which became part of the Henry Jackson Society, where he was associate director from 2011 to 2018. He is also an associate editor of the conservative-leaning British political and cultural magazine The Spectator.[3][4]

Murray has written columns for publications such as Standpoint, National Review and The Wall Street Journal. He is also a regular columnist for UnHerd magazine. Murray is the author of Neoconservatism: Why We Need It (2005), Bloody Sunday: Truths, Lies and the Saville Inquiry (2011) about the Bloody Sunday Inquiry, The Strange Death of Europe: Immigration, Identity, Islam (2017) and The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity (2019).

Murray has been described as a conservative,[5] a neoconservative[6][7][8] and a critic of Islam.[9] His views and ideology have been linked to far-right political ideologies by academic[10] and journalistic[11] sources.

He has also been accused of promoting far-right conspiracy theories,[12][13][14] and of being Islamophobic,[15] although Murray himself has denied this and has expressed criticism of certain far-right figures and political parties.[16]

Early life

Murray was born and raised in Hammersmith, London, by an English, civil servant mother, and a Scottish, Gaelic-speaking school teacher father. He has one elder brother.[2][17]

Murray was educated at West Bridgford School and was awarded a music scholarship at St Benedict's School[18] and later at Eton College,[17][19] before going on to study English at Magdalen College, Oxford.[20]

Publications

At age 19, while in his second year at the University of Oxford, Murray published[21] Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas,[20] which was described by Christopher Hitchens as "masterly".[22] Bosie was awarded a Lambda Award for gay biography in 2000.[23] After leaving Oxford, Murray wrote a play, Nightfall, about the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg.[24]

In 2006, Murray published a defence of neoconservatism – Neoconservatism: Why We Need It – and went on a speaking tour promoting the book in the United States.[24] The publication was subsequently reviewed in the newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat by the Iranian author Amir Taheri: "Whether one agrees with him or not Murray has made a valuable contribution to the global battle of ideas."[25] In 2007, he assisted in the writing of Towards a Grand Strategy for an Uncertain World: Renewing Transatlantic Partnership by Gen. Dr. Klaus Naumann, Gen. John Shalikashvili, Field Marshal The Lord Inge, Adm. Jacques Lanxade, and Gen. Henk van den Breemen.[26] His book Bloody Sunday was (jointly) awarded the 2011–2012 Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize.[27] In June 2013, Murray's e-book Islamophilia: a Very Metropolitan Malady was published.[28]

In 2017, Murray published The Strange Death of Europe: Immigration, Identity, Islam, which spent almost 20 weeks on The Sunday Times bestseller list and was a No. 1 bestseller in non-fiction. It has subsequently been published in more than 20 languages worldwide.[29][30] In The Strange Death of Europe, Murray argued that Europe "is committing suicide" by allowing non-European immigration into its borders and losing its "faith in its beliefs".[31] The book received a polarized response from critics. Juliet Samuel of The Telegraph praised Murray, saying that: "His overall thesis, that a guilt-driven and exhausted Europe is playing fast and loose with its precious modern values by embracing migration on such a scale, is hard to refute."[32] An academic review in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs acclaimed the book as "explosive" and "an elegantly written, copiously documented exposé of Europe’s suicidal hypocrisy".[33] Rod Liddle of The Times called the book "a brilliant, important and profoundly depressing book".[34] Conversely, other reviews of the book were highly negative. Pankaj Mishra's review in The New York Times described the book as "a handy digest of far-right clichés".[35] Writing in The Intercept, Murtaza Hussain criticized what he called the "relentlessly paranoid tenor" and "apocalyptic picture of Europe" portrayed in the book, while challenging the links Murray makes between non-European immigration and large increases in crime.[36] In Middle East Eye, Georgetown professor Ian Almond called the book "a staggeringly one-sided flow of statistics, interviews and examples, reflecting a clear decision to make the book a rhetorical claim that Europe is doomed to self-destruction".[37] According to the New York Times review, Murray defends the German nationalist, anti-Islam, far-right group Pegida in The Strange Death of Europe; writes that the English nationalist, anti-Islam, far-right English Defence League "had a point"[35] and described Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán as a better sentinel of "European values" than George Soros.[35]

Murray wrote about social justice and identity politics in his 2019 book The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity which became a Sunday Times bestseller.[38][better source needed] It was also nominated as an audio book of the year for the British Book Awards.[39] In the book, Murray points to what he sees as a cultural shift, away from established modes of religion and political ideology, in which various forms of victimhood can provide markers of social status.[40] He divides his book into sections dealing with different forms of victimhood, including types of LGBT identity, feminism and racial politics.[41] Murray criticises the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault for what he sees as a reduction of society to a system of power relations.[42] Murray's book drew polarized responses from critics. Tim Stanley in The Daily Telegraph praised the book, calling Murray "a superbly perceptive guide through the age of the social justice warrior".[43] Katie Law in the Evening Standard said that Murray "tackled another necessary and provocative subject with wit and bravery".[44] Conversely, William Davies gave a highly critical review of Murray's work in The Guardian, describing the book as "the bizarre fantasies of a rightwing provocateur, blind to oppression".[45]

Journalistic career

Douglas Murray being interviewed on the Mark Steyn Show in 2019

In 2016, Murray organised a competition through The Spectator in which entrants were invited to submit offensive poems about Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, with a top prize of £1,000 donated by a reader.[46] This was in reaction to the Böhmermann affair, in which German satirist Jan Böhmermann was prosecuted under the German penal code for such a poem.[47] One of Murray's articles on the affair[48] was submitted for the 2017 Orwell Prize for Journalism,[49] five years after his book Bloody Sunday: Truths, Lies and The Saville Inquiry, had been longlisted for the 2012 Orwell Book Prize.[50] He announced the winner of the poetry competition as Conservative MP Boris Johnson (former editor of the magazine, current British prime minister and former Mayor of London).[51]

Views

Views on Islam

Murray is a frequent critic of Islam, saying that there is "a creed of Islamic fascism—a malignant fundamentalism, woken from the Dark Ages to assault us here and now".[52] In the wake of the 2017 London Bridge attack, Murray stated in a radio interview:

We've fallen into the idea that answer [to terrorism] is more Islam. This is the argument of the Muslim Brotherhood and other groups. 'You don't like this Islam? Well we've got some other Islam, or different Islam.' And I just say, look, we need a bit less Islam.[53]

Murray's criticisms of Islam have been described as a form of far-right entryism,[54] and he has praised the anti-Muslim author Robert B. Spencer, who is banned from entering the UK, and appearing on the podcast The Milo Yiannopoulos Show in 2016, hosted by the eponymous far-right figure. Atheist author Sam Harris has hosted him on a podcast.[55] Ayaan Hirsi Ali[56] and Sohrab Ahmari have praised Murray's work and writing on Islam in Europe.[57] French philosopher Bernard-Henri Lévy has said of Murray “Whether one agrees with him or not” he is "one of the most important public intellectuals today.”[58]

In 2008, Murray listed the cases of 27 writers, activists, politicians and artists – including Sir Salman Rushdie, Maryam Namazie and Anwar Shaikh, all three of whom had received death threats due to their criticism of Islam. Murray said that "Unless Muslims are allowed to discuss their religion without fear of attack there can be no chance of reform or genuine freedom of conscience within Islam."[59]

In February 2006, speaking at the "Pim Fortuyn Memorial Conference on Europe and Islam", Murray said that the "crisis in Islamic-Western relations" lay in:

a putting onto the right track of the fundamental problems of the Islamic world - the reasons, after all, why so many Muslims come to the West in the first place. Foremost among those reasons are the fact that (with the exceptions of the fledgling democracies of Iraq and Afghanistan) their own historical lands are presently run by despots, crackpots and crime-syndicate families. Until the Middle East and other Islamic lands have a greater measure of freedom, the West can barely be surprised that even fairly hardline Islamists will continue to be desperate to join the welfare-wagon in the West.[60]

The speech continued:

Conditions for Muslims in Europe must be made harder across the board: Europe must look like a less attractive proposition… From long before we were first attacked it should have been made plain that people who come into Europe are here under our rules and not theirs… Where a mosque has become a centre of hate it should be closed and pulled down. If that means that some Muslims don't have a mosque to go to, then they'll just have to realise that they aren't owed one.[60][61][62]

After Murray refused Paul Goodman's offer to disown these comments, the Conservative Party frontbench severed formal relations with Murray and his Centre for Social Cohesion.[61][63]

In 2010, Murray argued against the motion in an Intelligence Squared US debate titled "Is Islam a Religion of Peace?"[64]

Murray has described Islamophobia as a "nonsense term" and in 2013 argued "a phobia is something of which one is irrationally afraid. Yet it is supremely rational to be scared of elements of Islam and of its fundamentalist strains in particular. Nevertheless, the term has been very successfully deployed, not least because it has the aura of a smear. Islamophobes are not only subject to an irrational and unnecessary fear; they are assumed to be motivated (because most Muslims in the West are from an ethnic minority) by "racism". Who would not recoil from such charges?"[65]

In 2009, Murray was prevented from chairing a debate at the London School of Economics between Alan Sked and Hamza Tzortzis on the topic "Islam or Liberalism: Which is the Way Forward?", with the university citing security concerns following a week-long student protest against Israel's attacks on Gaza. The debate took place without Murray chairing.[66] The move was criticised by the conservative press such as The Daily Telegraph and The Spectator.[67][68][69]

In June 2009, Murray accepted an invitation to a debate with Anjem Choudary, leader of the banned group Al-Muhajiroun, on the subject of Sharia law and British law at Conway Hall. Members of Al-Muhajiroun acting as security guards tried to segregate men and women at the entrance of the event. Clashes broke out near the entrance between Choudary's and Murray's supporters and Conway Hall cancelled the debate because of the attempted forced separation of men and women. Outside the building, a confrontation between Choudary and Murray over the cancellation of the event occurred.[70] Murray's Centre for Social Cohesion later published a study arguing that one in seven Islam-related terrorist cases in the UK could be linked to Al-Muhajiroun,[71]

Murray has argued in defence of Muslim reformers in his writing.[failed verification] [72] In 2021, he criticised Islamists who celebrated and supported the demise of the counter-extremism Quilliam Foundation thinktank in Britain, claiming "Some of this country’s best citizens, who happened also to be Muslims, gave Islamic reform a good shot here. But it was they — and not their critics — who as a result became the principal target."[73]

Views on the EU

Murray supported the 'Leave' side in the UK's 2016 EU referendum, citing concerns with the Eurozone, immigration and the prospect of ever-closer union.[74] In the wake of the Brexit vote, Murray expressed concern that the result "has just not been accepted by an elite" and said that the result "should be celebrated by anybody who actually believes in democracy".[75]

Views on immigration

In 2014, he argued for the motion in an Oxford Union debate titled "This House Believes postwar Britain has seen too much immigration".[76]

In 2018, Murray filmed a video for PragerU entitled "The Suicide of Europe" which drew considerable criticism for purportedly "evok[ing] the common white nationalist trope of white genocide with its rhetoric of 'suicide' and 'annihilation'.[77] As part of an article for Sludge journalist Alex Kotch interviewed a senior editor at the Anti-Defamation League's Center on Extremism Mark Pitcavage, who stated that there was "almost certainly prejudice in the video" and that it was "filled with anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim rhetoric".[77] Similarly, the Southern Poverty Law Center described the video as a "dog whistle to the extreme right",[78] while Evan Halper in the Los Angeles Times argued that the video "echoed some of the talking points of the alt-right".[79]

Other views

In 2019, Murray spent weeks urging New Statesman journalist George Eaton and editor Jason Cowley to share the original recording of an interview between Eaton and Sir Roger Scruton, with Murray branding the published interview - which attributed a number of controversial statements to Scruton - as "journalistic dishonesty".[80] Murray eventually managed to acquire the recording, which formed the basis of an article defending Scruton, arguing that his remarks had been misinterpreted.[81] The New Statesman subsequently apologised for Eaton's misrepresentation.[82][83][84]

Murray is known for his association with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. In March 2018, Orbán posted a photo on his official Facebook account of himself reading the Hungarian-language edition of The Strange Death of Europe.[85][86] Murray has disputed the claim that Hungary is experiencing significant democratic backsliding under Orbán, and has called Freedom House's comparisons of Orbán's government to a dictatorship as "increasingly off-kilter".[87] In May 2018, Murray was personally received by Orbán in Budapest as part of the "Future of Europe" conference along with other conservative figures like Steve Bannon, and according to Hungarian state media had an individual discussion and photograph with Orbán.[88][89]

Murray expressed strong support for Israel during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.[90] During a visit to Israel in 2019, Murray praised Israeli society, saying that Israel "has a healthier attitude towards nationalism than Europe" and lauded Israel's restrictive approach to immigration.[91]

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Murray came out against a second national lockdown in the UK, claiming it was "absolute madness" and "simply unsustainable".[92]

He is on the international advisory board of NGO Monitor.[93] As of 2020, he is one of the directors of the Free Speech Union.[94]

Murray has been linked to the "Intellectual Dark Web", a loosely affiliated group of intellectuals who are critical of identity politics.[95]

Criticism

A number of academic and journalistic sources have linked Murray's ideology and political views to the far right[96][97] (including the Eurabia conspiracy theory),[12] the alt-right,[98] the Islamophobic[99] right or some combination thereof. Nafeez Ahmed argued in Middle East Eye that Murray expressed a form of "far-right entryism".[54] In a similar vein, a review of The Strange Death of Europe in The Guardian described Murray's book as "gentrified xenophobia".[100]

Murray's work has been perceived as putting a socially acceptable face on what would otherwise be considered fringe ideologies. Arun Kundnani, who has written on radicalization, said in an article for Security and Human Rights that the "counterjihadist" ideology embodied by Murray and other conservative intellectuals is, "through reworking far-right ideology and appropriating official discourse... able to evade categorisation as a source of far-right violence".[101] Similarly, Murray's views have been described as a kind of "mainstreamist" ideology that defies easy categorization as extremist while remaining "entangled with the far right".[102]

Murray has been accused of promoting several far-right conspiracy theories. In Ethnic and Racial Studies Ed Pertwee argued that Murray's work is an "extemporization of the basic theme" of the Eurabia conspiracy theory as developed by Bat Ye'Or in the 2005 book Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis.[103] Ilgın Yörükoğlu of the City University of New York remarked that by promoting the Eurabia theory while being a best-selling author, Murray had provided the "emotional energy" for the conspiracy theory.[104] Murray has also been accused of echoing the related far-right Great Replacement conspiracy, which contends that the developed world is being overwhelmed with non-white immigration.[105][106] Murray's book The Madness of Crowds has also drawn scrutiny for "remodelling" the far-right Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory,[107] though Murray has indicated that he personally dislikes the term "Cultural Marxism".[108]

Rebuttal by Murray

Murray has contended that he is frequently mislabelled politically, and that the mainstream right are unfairly conflated with the far-right in modern political discourse: he wrote in 2020 that in modern politics "up is down, [and] right is far-right".[109] In 2017, Murray argued in The Spectator that the term 'far right' is used far too often by the political left. He also has said that political parties previously identified as far-right should be recognised as being able to moderate their politics over time but has criticised some European parties that espouse what he considers to be genuinely extremist or hard-line policies.[110]

In another Spectator article in August 2019, Murray again criticised what he perceived as the overuse of terms like "far-right", this time in reference to commentators, saying that since the election of Donald Trump and the Brexit vote "there has been an acceleration in claimed sightings [of the far right] and a blurring of the definitions". He contended that this was "wrong not just because it means that perfectly decent people are maligned, but also because distinctly dangerous groups are confused with harmless ones".[111]

Personal life

Murray has described himself as atheist,[112] having been an Anglican until his twenties,[17][24] but has described himself variously as a cultural Christian[113] and a Christian atheist,[114] and believes that Christianity is an important influence on British and European culture.[17][30][115][116] Murray is gay[117] and is a supporter of same-sex marriage.[118]

Works

  • Brandon, James; Murray, Douglas (2007), Hate on the State: How British libraries encourage Islamic extremism (PDF), Westminster, UK: Centre for Social Cohesion.
  • Murray, Douglas (2000), Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas, ISBN 0-340-76771-5.
  • ——— (2005), Neoconservatism: Why We Need It, ISBN 1-904863-05-1.
  • ——— (2007), Towards a Grand Strategy for an Uncertain World: Renewing Transatlantic Partnership (PDF)
  • ———; Verwey, Johan Pieter (2008), Victims of Intimidation: Freedom of Speech Within Europe's Muslim Communities (PDF), London, UK: Centre for Social Cohesion.
  • ——— (2011), Bloody Sunday: Truths, Lies and the Saville Inquiry, London: Dialogue, ISBN 978-1-84954-149-7.
  • ——— (2013), Islamophilia: A Very Metropolitan Malady, emBooks, ISBN 978-1-62777050-7.
  • ——— (2017), The Strange Death of Europe: Immigration, Identity, Islam, Bloomsbury, ISBN 978-1-47294224-1.
  • ——— (2019), The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity, Bloomsbury, ISBN 978-1-47295995-9.

References

  1. ^ Monk, Paul (26 August 2017). "Europe: immigration, identity, Islam: Douglas Murray warns of dangers". The Australian. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Law, Katie (4 May 2017). "Douglas Murray on immigration, Islam and identity". The Evening Standard.
  3. ^ "Douglas Murray". Henry Jackson Society. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  4. ^ "24/8/2016". Newsnight. 24 August 2016. BBC. BBC Two. Retrieved 29 August 2016. And from our Oxford studio, Douglas Murray, Associate Editor of The Spectator
  5. ^ Dolsten, Josefin (5 June 2019). "Meet the conservative activists who want to override the Supreme Court". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  6. ^ "Douglas Murray on immigration, Islam and identity". London Evening Standard. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  7. ^ Mughal, Fiyaz. "The Neo-Conservative Speaker, Douglas Murray, Is Simply Wrong It Comes to British Muslims and Extremism". Huffington post. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  8. ^ Oudenampsen, Merijn (27 October 2020). "How US Neocons Inspired the Netherlands' New Radical Right". Jacobin. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  9. ^ "Douglas Murray on immigration, Islam and identity". Standard. 4 May 2017.
  10. ^
    • Stewart, Blake (2020). "The Rise of Far-Right Civilizationism" (EPUB). Critical Sociology. 46 (7–8): 1207–1220. doi:10.1177/0896920519894051. S2CID 213307100. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Acclaim for Murray’s thought has been widespread, and ranges from liberal French public intellectual Bernard Henri-Levy, who claimed him to be ‘one of the most important public intellectuals today’, to authoritarian anti-immigrant hardliners such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who went so far as to promote The Strange Death of Europe on his Facebook page in Spring 2018... Murray’s book [The Madness of Crowds] remodels a much older theory of so-called ‘cultural Marxism’, which has long history in far-right thought.
    • Kundnani, Arun (2012). "Blind spot? Security narratives and far-right violence". Security and Human Rights. 23 (2): 129–146. doi:10.1163/18750230-99900008. Retrieved 2 January 2021. in January 2011, Douglas Murray, the associate director of the Henry Jackson Society, which influences the government on national security policy, stated that, in relation to the EDL: ‘If you were ever going to have a grassroots response from non-Muslims to Islamism, that would be how you’d want it, surely.’ … these statements suggest that ‘counterjihadist’ ideologies, through reworking far-right ideology and appropriating official discourse, are able to evade categorisation as a source of far-right violence.
    • Lux, Julia; David Jordan, John (2019). "Alt-Right 'cultural purity' ideology and mainstream social policy discourse - Towards a political anthropology of 'mainstremeist' ideology". In Elke, Heins; James, Rees (eds.). Social Policy Review 31: Analysis and Debate in Social Policy, 2019. Policy Press. doi:10.1332/policypress/9781447343981.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4473-4400-1. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Media pundit, journalist, and conspiracy entrepreneur Douglas Murray is a prime example of illustrating the influence of an ‘organic intellectual’. Murray has written passionately in support of British fascist Tommy Robinson (Murray, 2018) and describes Islam as an “opportunistic infection” (Hasan, 2013) linked to the “strange death of Europe” (Murray, 2017a). Murray’s ideas are not only entangled with the far-right (working class or otherwise), but with wider social connections.
    • Busher, Joel (2013). "Grassroots activism in the English Defence League: Discourse and public (dis) order". In Taylor, Max; Holbrook, Donald (eds.). Extreme Right Wing Political Violence and Terrorism. A&C Black. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-4411-4087-6. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Popular commentators and public figures among the [EDL] activists that I have met include Geert Wilders, Robert Spencer, Melanie Philips, Andrew Gilligan, Douglas Murray, Pat Condell, and some of the commentators who contribute to forums like Alan Lake’s Four Freedoms website.
    • Bloomfield, Jon (2020). "Progressive Politics in a Changing World: Challenging the Fallacies of Blue Labour". The Political Quarterly. 91 (1): 89–97. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12770. In the post‐Enoch Powell era, the UK has evolved a broad, cross‐party consensus that maintains that British citizenship and identity is not defined ethnically. The white nationalist right like Roger Scruton and Douglas Murray reject that.
  11. ^
    • Kotch, Alex (27 December 2018). "Who funds PragerU's anti-Muslim content?". Sludge. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. “Europe is committing suicide,” says British author Douglas Murray in a video published by the far-right educational nonprofit Prager University. The cause? “The mass movement of peoples into Europe…from the Middle East, North Africa and East Asia” who allegedly made Europe lose faith in its beliefs and traditions
    • Hussain, Murtaza (25 December 2018). "The Far Right is obsessed with a book about Muslims destroying Europe. Here's what it gets wrong". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
    • Ahmed, Nafeez (9 March 2015). "White supremacists at the heart of Whitehall". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2021. Murray’s screed against the free speech of those asking questions about the intelligence services is ironic given that in a separate Wall Street Journal comment, he laments that the attacks in Paris and Copenhagen prove the West is losing the war on “free speech” being waged by Islamists. But Murray’s concerns about free speech are really just a ploy for far-right entryism.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Murray and the Eurabia conspiracy theory:
    • Pertwee, Ed (2020). "Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 43 (16): 211–230. doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688. Ye’Or’s Eurabia: the Euro-Arab Axis (2005) is the canonical work of the genre (Bangstad 2013; Larsson 2012), but extemporizations on her basic theme can be found in the work of many conservative writers during the late 2000s and 2010s, such as Melanie Phillips, Mark Steyn, Bruce Bawer, Christopher Caldwell, Douglas Murray and, more recently, Alt-Right-linked figures such as Lauren Southern and Raheem Kassam. The conclusive differentiator between counter-jihadist and more mainstream conservative laments about Western decline is the former’s decidedly conspiratorial framing...
    • Yörükoğlu, Ilgın (2 July 2020). "We Have Never Been Coherent: Integration, Sexual Tolerance, Security". Acts of Belonging in Modern Societies (E-Book). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 27–51. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45172-1_2. ISBN 978-3-030-45172-1. Retrieved 6 January 2021. It is not only far-right political parties and “alt-right” blogs that are fueling the fire of xenophobia. In our century, be it the Financial Times columnist Christopher Caldwell’s Reflections on a Revolution in Europe (2009) that recapitulates the idea of a slow-moving Muslim barbarian invasion, along with the Muslim “disorder, penury and crime”, or the works by Douglas Murray and Thilo Sarrazin (which I mention below), a number of European and American best sellers have supplied the emotional force to the Eurabia conspiracy in particular and the alt-right in general.
  13. ^ Murray and the Great Replacement conspiracy theory:
    • Ramakrishna, Kumar (2020). "The White Supremacist Terrorist Threat to Asia". Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses. 12 (4): 1–7. JSTOR 26918075. Retrieved 7 January 2021. This Great Replacement motif articulated by Murray, Camus and other prominent conservative intellectuals has been weaponised as a rallying cry for white supremacists around the world, including Robert Bowers, who killed 11 worshippers at a Pittsburgh synagogue in October 2018 and Tarrant, the Christchurch attacker, whose own manifesto posted online is called “The Great Replacement”.
  14. ^ Murray and the Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory:
    • Stewart, Blake (2020). "The Rise of Far-Right Civilizationism" (EPUB). Critical Sociology. 46 (7–8): 1207–1220. doi:10.1177/0896920519894051. S2CID 213307100. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Acclaim for Murray’s thought has been widespread, and ranges from liberal French public intellectual Bernard Henri-Levy, who claimed him to be ‘one of the most important public intellectuals today’, to authoritarian anti-immigrant hardliners such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who went so far as to promote The Strange Death of Europe on his Facebook page in Spring 2018... Murray’s book [The Madness of Crowds] remodels a much older theory of so-called ‘cultural Marxism’, which has long history in far-right thought.
  15. ^ Murray described as Islamophobic: Murray described as 'Islamophobic': Murray listed as a right-wing Islamophobe:
    • Chambers, Stuart (22 January 2021). "Islamophobia in western media is based on false premises". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021. The rhetoric of Canadian conservative author Mark Steyn is typical of right-wing Islamophobia. For instance, Steyn claims that “most Muslims either wish or are indifferent to the death of the societies in which they live.” Likewise, Dutch politician and right-wing populist Geert Wilders refers to the Qur’an as “a source of inspiration for, and justification of, hatred, violence and terrorism in the world, Europe and America.” British conservative political commentator Douglas Murray suggests that to reduce terrorism, the United Kingdom requires “a bit less Islam.”
  16. ^ Murray, Douglas (15 February 2020). "Why I'll never become an MP". The Spectator. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Holloway, Richard (7 May 2017). "Sunday Morning With..." BBC Radio Scotland.
  18. ^ "ACTIVITIES BULLETIN 6" (PDF). Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2009.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ^ "Education Supplements: Chance of a lifetime – Douglas Murray". spectator.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Dinitia (18 July 2000). "A Look at the Other Central Figure In the Famous Case of Oscar Wilde". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  21. ^ "Pass Notes: Douglas Murray". The Guardian. London. 8 June 2000. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  22. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (30 August 2006). "Christopher Hitchens: Young Brit defends American people, politics and policies". washingtonexaminer.com/. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  23. ^ Cerna, Antonio Gonzalez (10 July 2001). "13th Annual Lambda Literary Awards". Lambda Literary. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c Daniel Freedman (17 August 2006). "Mugged by Reality". New York Sun. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  25. ^ Taheri, Amir. "Neoconservatism: Why We Need It". Asharq al-Awsat. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  26. ^ "Towards a Grand Strategy for an Uncertain World: Renewing Transatlantic Partnership" (PDF). Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  27. ^ "The 2011 – 2012 Prize | Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize for advancing peace and understanding on the island of Ireland". Ewartbiggsprize.org.uk. 30 January 1972. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  28. ^ Fowler, Jack (10 June 2013). "Islamophilia". National Review. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  29. ^ Liddle, Rod. "The Strange Death of Europe". Jewish Book Week.
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b Murray, Douglas (2017). The Strange Death of Europe: Immigration, Identity, Islam (1 ed.). London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN 9781472942241.
  31. ^ Murray, Douglas (2017). The Strange Death of Europe. London: Bloosmbury. pp. 2–3. ISBN 9781472942241.
  32. ^ Samuel, Juliet (6 May 2017). "Yanis Varoufakis and Douglas Murray: why Europe is weary". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  33. ^ Geron Pilon, Juliana (2017). "The Strange Death of Europe: Immigration, Identity, Islam/The End of Europe: Dictators, Demagogues, and the Coming Dark Age". Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. 11 (2): 255–260. doi:10.1080/23739770.2017.1375282. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  34. ^ Liddle, Rod (7 May 2017). "Books: The Strange Death of Europe by Douglas Murray". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b c Mishra, Pankaj (14 September 2017). "How the New Immigration Is Shaking Old Europe to Its Core". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  36. ^ Hussain, Murtaza (25 December 2018). "THE FAR RIGHT IS OBSESSED WITH A BOOK ABOUT MUSLIMS DESTROYING EUROPE. HERE'S WHAT IT GETS WRONG". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  37. ^ Almond, Ian (11 August 2017). "Misrecognising the problem: Douglas Murray's The Strange Death of Europe". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  38. ^ Murray, Douglas (2019). The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Identity, Morality. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN 9781635579987.
  39. ^ Walliams, David; Ross, Tony; Osman, Richard; Rashford, Marcus &; Anka, Carl; Grisham, John; Harris, Robert; Hallett, Janice; Haig, Matt; Swan, Karen (20 March 2020). "British Book Awards 2020: Books of the Year shortlists revealed". The Bookseller. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
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  45. ^ Davies, William (2019). "The Madness of Crowds by Douglas Murray review – a rightwing diatribe". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
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  47. ^ "'Insult Turkey's Erdogan' contest set up by Spectator magazine". 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  48. ^ Murray, Douglas (23 April 2016). "Send us your entries for our 'President Erdogan Insulting Poetry Competition'". The Spectator.
  49. ^ "2017 Journalism Prize Longlist". The Orwell Prize. Institute of Advanced Studies. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  50. ^ "Orwell Prize 2012 Longlists Announced". The Orwell Prize. Institute of Advanced Studies. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
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  54. ^ Jump up to: a b Ahmed, Nafeez (9 March 2015). "White supremacists at the heart of Whitehall". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Murray’s screed against the free speech of those asking questions about the intelligence services is ironic given that in a separate Wall Street Journal comment, he laments that the attacks in Paris and Copenhagen prove the West is losing the war on “free speech” being waged by Islamists. But Murray’s concerns about free speech are really just a ploy for far-right entryism.
  55. ^ "#85 — Is this the End of Europe?" – via open.spotify.com.
  56. ^ Ali, Ayaan Hirsi (2 February 2018). "Would Mark Twain be prevented from speaking at Berkeley?". Newsweek.
  57. ^ "Can Europe be Saved?". 14 August 2017.
  58. ^ "Douglas Murray: 'Relations between men and women cannot be turned into criminal acts in waiting'".
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  61. ^ Jump up to: a b Goodman, Paul (11 October 2011). "Why the Conservative frontbench broke off relations with Douglas Murray – and what happened afterwards". Conservative Home. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
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  63. ^ Ahmed, Samira (28 July 2013). "Are Muslims being demonised?". Sunday Morning Live. BBC One.
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  65. ^ "Forget 'Islamophobia'. Let's Tackle Islamism". Standpoint. 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
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  67. ^ Phillips, Melanie (23 January 2009). "The LSE caves in to terror". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  68. ^ "Civil liberties group calls for resignation of Prof Janet Hartley". The Daily Telegraph. London. 23 January 2009. Archived from the original on 21 September 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  69. ^ Thompson, Damian (23 January 2009). "Gutless LSE bans Islam critic Douglas Murray for 'security reasons'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 March 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
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  73. ^ "What the demise of Quilliam teaches us about Britain and Islam | the Spectator".
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  77. ^ Jump up to: a b Kotch, Alex (27 December 2018). "Who funds PragerU's anti-Muslim content?". Sludge. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  78. ^ Brendan, Brendan Joel (7 June 2018). "PragerU's Influence". SPLC Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  79. ^ Halper, Evan (23 August 2019). "How a Los Angeles-based conservative became one of the internet's biggest sensations". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021. Prager says he disavows the alt-right ideology that has gained ground in the Trump era, but the online lessons often echo some of the movement’s talking points. A video of Dinesh D’Souza, the right-wing author, opining on why Western cultures are superior to others has been viewed 4.7 million times, for example. Another, featuring Douglas Murray, the British author of several books about Europe and immigration, laments that North African and Middle Eastern immigrants have been permitted to destroy European culture by refusing to assimilate. It has 6.7 million views
  80. ^ "Sir Roger Scruton, n⁰ 10 adviser, sacked over race gaffes", The week, 7 October 2018.
  81. ^ Waterson, Jim. "New Statesman and Spectator in dirty tricks row over Scruton tape". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
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  84. ^ "Minister apologises to academic Sir Roger Scruton over sacking". BBC News. 16 July 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
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  86. ^ @DouglasKMurray (20 March 2018). "I seem to have become involved in the forthcoming Hungarian election..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  93. ^ "NGO Monitor International Board Profiles". Ngo-monitor.org. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
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  95. ^ Kaufmann, Eric. "The Madness of Crowds by Douglas Murray — slay the dragon, then stop". Financial Times.
  96. ^ Academic sources:
    • Stewart, Blake (2020). "The Rise of Far-Right Civilizationism" (EPUB). Critical Sociology. 46 (7–8): 1207–1220. doi:10.1177/0896920519894051. S2CID 213307100. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Acclaim for Murray’s thought has been widespread, and ranges from liberal French public intellectual Bernard Henri-Levy, who claimed him to be ‘one of the most important public intellectuals today’, to authoritarian anti-immigrant hardliners such as Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, who went so far as to promote The Strange Death of Europe on his Facebook page in Spring 2018... Murray’s book [The Madness of Crowds] remodels a much older theory of so-called ‘cultural Marxism’, which has long history in far-right thought.
    • Kundnani, Arun (2012). "Blind spot? Security narratives and far-right violence". Security and Human Rights. 23 (2): 129–146. doi:10.1163/18750230-99900008. Retrieved 2 January 2021. in January 2011, Douglas Murray, … stated that, in relation to the EDL: ‘If you were ever going to have a grassroots response from non-Muslims to Islamism, that would be how you’d want it, surely.’ Both these statements suggest that ‘counterjihadist’ ideologies, through reworking far-right ideology and appropriating official discourse, are able to evade categorisation as a source of far-right violence.
    • Lux, Julia; David Jordan, John (2019). "Alt-Right 'cultural purity' ideology and mainstream social policy discourse - Towards a political anthropology of 'mainstremeist' ideology". In Elke, Heins; James, Rees (eds.). Social Policy Review 31: Analysis and Debate in Social Policy, 2019. Policy Press. doi:10.1332/policypress/9781447343981.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4473-4400-1. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Media pundit, journalist, and conspiracy entrepreneur Douglas Murray is a prime example of illustrating the influence of an ‘organic intellectual’. Murray has written passionately in support of British fascist Tommy Robinson (Murray, 2018) and describes Islam as an “opportunistic infection” (Hasan, 2013) linked to the “strange death of Europe” (Murray, 2017a). Murray’s ideas are not only entangled with the far-right (working class or otherwise), but with wider social connections.
    • Busher, Joel (2013). "Grassroots activism in the English Defence League: Discourse and public (dis) order". In Taylor, Max; Holbrook, Donald (eds.). Extreme Right Wing Political Violence and Terrorism. A&C Black. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-4411-4087-6. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Popular commentators and public figures among the [EDL] activists that I have met include Geert Wilders, Robert Spencer, Melanie Philips, Andrew Gilligan, Douglas Murray, Pat Condell, and some of the commentators who contribute to forums like Alan Lake’s Four Freedoms website.
  97. ^ Journalistic sources:
    • Kotch, Alex (27 December 2018). "Who funds PragerU's anti-Muslim content?". Sludge. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. “Europe is committing suicide,” says British author Douglas Murray in a video published by the far-right educational nonprofit Prager University. The cause? “The mass movement of peoples into Europe…from the Middle East, North Africa and East Asia” who allegedly made Europe lose faith in its beliefs and traditions
    • Ahmed, Nafeez (9 March 2015). "White supremacists at the heart of Whitehall". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Murray’s screed against the free speech of those asking questions about the intelligence services is ironic given that in a separate Wall Street Journal comment, he laments that the attacks in Paris and Copenhagen prove the West is losing the war on “free speech” being waged by Islamists. But Murray’s concerns about free speech are really just a ploy for far-right entryism.
    • Hussain, Murtaza (25 December 2018). "The Far Right is obsessed with a book about Muslims destroying Europe. Here's what it gets wrong". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  98. ^
    • Halper, Evan (23 August 2019). "How a Los Angeles-based conservative became one of the internet's biggest sensations". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Prager says he disavows the alt-right ideology that has gained ground in the Trump era, but the online lessons often echo some of the movement’s talking points. A video of Dinesh D’Souza, the right-wing author, opining on why Western cultures are superior to others has been viewed 4.7 million times, for example. Another, featuring Douglas Murray, the British author of several books about Europe and immigration, laments that North African and Middle Eastern immigrants have been permitted to destroy European culture by refusing to assimilate. It has 6.7 million views
    • Yörükoğlu, Ilgın (2 July 2020). "We Have Never Been Coherent: Integration, Sexual Tolerance, Security". Acts of Belonging in Modern Societies (E-Book). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 27–51. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45172-1_2. ISBN 978-3-030-45172-1. Retrieved 6 January 2021. It is not only far-right political parties and “alt-right” blogs that are fueling the fire of xenophobia. In our century, be it the Financial Times columnist Christopher Caldwell’s Reflections on a Revolution in Europe (2009) that recapitulates the idea of a slow-moving Muslim barbarian invasion, along with the Muslim “disorder, penury and crime”, or the works by Douglas Murray and Thilo Sarrazin (which I mention below), a number of European and American best sellers have supplied the emotional force to the Eurabia conspiracy in particular and the alt-right in general.
  99. ^ Murray described as Islamophobic: Murray described as 'Islamophobic':
  100. ^ Hinsliff, Gabby (6 May 2017). "The Strange Death of Europe by Douglas Murray review – gentrified xenophobia". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  101. ^ Kundnani, Arun (2012). "Blind spot? Security narratives and far-right violence". Security and Human Rights. 23 (2): 129–146. doi:10.1163/18750230-99900008. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  102. ^ Lux, Julia; David Jordan, John (2019). "Alt-Right 'cultural purity' ideology and mainstream social policy discourse - Towards a political anthropology of 'mainstremeist' ideology". In Elke, Heins; James, Rees (eds.). Social Policy Review 31: Analysis and Debate in Social Policy, 2019. Policy Press. doi:10.1332/policypress/9781447343981.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4473-4400-1. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Media pundit, journalist, and conspiracy entrepreneur Douglas Murray is a prime example of illustrating the influence of an ‘organic intellectual’. Murray has written passionately in support of British fascist Tommy Robinson (Murray, 2018) and describes Islam as an “opportunistic infection” (Hasan, 2013) linked to the “strange death of Europe” (Murray, 2017a). Murray’s ideas are not only entangled with the far-right (working class or otherwise), but with wider social connections.
  103. ^ Pertwee, Ed (2020). "Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 43 (16): 211–230. doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688.
  104. ^ Yörükoğlu, Ilgın (2 July 2020). "We Have Never Been Coherent: Integration, Sexual Tolerance, Security". Acts of Belonging in Modern Societies (E-Book). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 27–51. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45172-1_2. ISBN 978-3-030-45172-1. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  105. ^ Ramakrishna, Kumar (2020). "The White Supremacist Terrorist Threat to Asia". Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses. 12 (4): 1–7. JSTOR 26918075. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  106. ^ Jonathan Portes, "Scruton is part of an intellectual culture giving respectability to racism", Politics.co.uk, 25 April 2019
  107. ^ Stewart, Blake (2020). "The Rise of Far-Right Civilizationism" (EPUB). Critical Sociology. 46 (7–8): 1207–1220. doi:10.1177/0896920519894051. S2CID 213307100. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  108. ^ Murray, Douglas (29 March 2019). "Is cultural Marxism a myth?". UnHerd. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  109. ^ Murray, Douglas (15 February 2020). "Why I'll never become an MP". The Spectator. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  110. ^ Murray, Douglas (6 May 2017). "Is Le Pen really 'far-right'?". The Spectator. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  111. ^ Murray, Douglas (15 August 2019). "War of Words". The Spectator. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  112. ^ Hitchens, Dan (29 June 2021). "Douglas Murray: The anti-woke atheist with a soft spot for Christianity". Christianity. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  113. ^ Murray, Douglas (29 December 2008). "Studying Islam has made me an atheist". The Spectator.
  114. ^ Harris, Samuel 'Sam' (22 November 2015). "On the Maintenance of Civilization". Podcast.
  115. ^ "This House Believes Religion Has No Place In The 21st Century". The Cambridge Union Society. 31 January 2013.
  116. ^ Murray, Douglas (14 September 2013). "Richard Dawkins interview: 'I have a certain love for the Anglican tradition'". The Spectator.
  117. ^ Law, Katie (4 May 2017) "Douglas Murray on immigration, Islam and identity", Evening Standard
  118. ^ "Douglas Murray's diary: My gay wedding dance-off with Julie Burchill | the Spectator".

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