Federal parliamentary republic

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A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels. It is a combination of the government republic and the parliamentary republic.

Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the sub-national entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be depending upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy.

List of federal parliamentary republics[]

Federation	Style	Formerly	Head of state elected by	Head of state	Head of government	Established	Head of government elected by
Austria	Republic of Austria	One-party state (as part of Nazi Germany)	States of Austria	President of Austria	Chancellor of Austria	1945	Direct, by second-round system
Ethiopia	Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	One-party state	Regions of Ethiopia	President of Ethiopia	Prime Minister of Ethiopia	1991	Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Germany	Federal Republic of Germany	One-party state (Nazi Germany)	Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority	President of Germany	Chancellor of Germany	1949	Parliament, by absolute majority
India	Republic of India	Constitutional monarchy (as the Dominion of India)	States of India	President of India	Prime Minister of India	1950	Electoral College, parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote
Iraq	Republic of Iraq	One-party state	Regions of Iraq	President of Iraq	Prime Minister	2005	Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Micronesia	Federated States of Micronesia	UN Trust Territory (part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)	Subdivisions of Micronesia	President of Micronesia		1986	Parliament, by majority
Nepal	Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Constitutional monarchy	Subdivisions of Nepal	President of Nepal	Prime Minister of Nepal	2015	Parliament and state legislators
Pakistan	Islamic Republic of Pakistan	Semi-presidential republic	Subdivisions of Pakistan	President of Pakistan	Prime Minister of Pakistan	2010	Electoral College, by two-thirds majority
Somalia	Federal Republic of Somalia	One-party state	Subdivisions of Somalia	President of Somalia	Prime Minister of Somalia	2012	Parliament
Switzerland	Swiss Confederation	Confederation	Cantons of Switzerland	Federal Council		1848	Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority

See also[]

• Unitary parliamentary republic

External links[]