Freedom of the City of London
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The Freedom of the City of London is a recognition awarded to people who have achieved success, recognition or celebrity in their chosen field. Honorary Freedom of the City of London is a recognition of lifetime achievement or high international standing, and is much rarer than the broader Freedom of the City.
Whilst undoubtedly a privilege, strict instructions are given that the Freedom of the City of London should not be presented to others as being an honour or award. The Freedom of the City of London can be gained through membership of a livery company or by direct application supported by a suitably qualified proposer and seconder. After approval by the Court of Aldermen, Freemen are admitted by the Clerk to the Chamberlain of the City of London during a ceremony at Guildhall. A certificate is presented to the recipient.
There is a long-standing tradition of the City admitting women to the Freedom. Although they are nowadays usually called Freemen as well, the historically correct term is Free Sisters.
Freedom of the City of London is a pre-requisite for standing for election to the Common Council[1] and Court of Aldermen[2] of the City of London, and therefore also required by the Sheriffs and Lord Mayor of the City, as they must first become aldermen.
List of Freemen[]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2020) |
The mixed list below contains just some of the names of people who have received the Freedom or Honorary Freedom over the years. Dates of awards are shown in brackets.
Royal Family members[]
- Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (4 November 1857)[citation needed]
- Prince Albert Victor (29 June 1885)[citation needed]
- George VI (28 October 1919)[citation needed]
- Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1946)[3]
- Elizabeth II (11 June 1947)[4][5]
- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (14 June 1948)[6]
- Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (1953)[7]
- Charles, Prince of Wales (1971)[8]
- Anne, Princess Royal (February 1976)[9]
- Diana, Princess of Wales[10] (22 July 1987)[11]
- Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex (2011)[citation needed]
Prime ministers of the United Kingdom[]
- Winston Churchill (30 June 1943)[12]
- Clement Attlee (26 November 1953)[13][14]
- Margaret Thatcher (26 May 1989)[15]
- Benjamin Disraeli (3 March 1878)[16]
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (3 August 1878)[16]
- David Lloyd George (27 April 1917)[17]
- William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (received the first honorary Freedom in 1757)[citation needed]
- Rt Hon William Pitt the Younger[citation needed]
- Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1815)[citation needed]
Victoria Cross and George Cross recipients[]
- William Reid[citation needed]
- Joshua Leakey (5 May 2016)[18]
This list is incomplete; you can help by . (October 2020) |
Foreign royalty[]
- Margrethe II of Denmark (2000)[19]
- Otto von Habsburg (11 July 2007)[20]
- Kigeli V of Rwanda (28 June 2016)[21]
This list is incomplete; you can help by . (August 2020) |
Presidents of the United States of America[]
- Theodore Roosevelt (31 May 1910)[22][23]
- Franklin D. Roosevelt[citation needed]
- Dwight D. Eisenhower (12 June 1945)[24][25]
- Ulysses S. Grant (15 June 1877)[26]
- Woodrow Wilson (28 December 1918)[27]
International leaders[]
- Nelson Mandela (10 July 1996)[28]
- Robert Borden (29 July 1915)[29]
- Louis Botha (16 April 1907)[30]
- R. B. Bennett (4 November 1930)[31]
- Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (March 1999)[32]
- Helmut Kohl (18 February 1998, "as the first European leader")[33]
- Lee Hsien Loong (28 March 2014)[34]
- Lee Kuan Yew (15 July 1982)[35]
- Wilfrid Laurier (16 April 1907)[citation needed]
- Lester B. Pearson (1967)[36]
- Jawaharlal Nehru[citation needed]
- Jan Smuts (1 May 1917)[37]
- V. S. Srinivasa Sastri (1921)[citation needed]
- Giuseppe Garibaldi[citation needed]
- Alan Greenspan (December 2005)[citation needed]
- Marjorie Jackson-Nelson (24 June 2005)[38]
- Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I[citation needed]
Entrepreneurs and academics[]
- Sir Tim Berners-Lee (24 September 2014)[citation needed]
- Dame Kate Bingham (2021)
- Jimmy Choo (14 November 2006)[39]
- Bill Gates[citation needed]
- George Helon, JP (3 March 2016[40][41] and presented on 12 September 2016)
- Professor Stephen Jolly[citation needed]
- Christopher Moran (3 April 2017; owner of Crosby Hall, London and Chairman of Co-operation Ireland)[42]
- Guy Moreton (founder and CEO of MorePeople)[citation needed]
- George Peabody (10 July 1862, in recognition of his financial contribution to London's poor)[43]
- Omiros D. Sarikas (International Banker, Unicorn financier, private equity & investment manager)[citation needed]
- The 4th Earl of Selborne
- Sir George Stokes, Bt[citation needed]
- Mark Watson-Gandy (1995)[citation needed]
- Lewis Alexander Worrow (4 February 2020)[44]
Archbishops of Canterbury, York and London[]
- Robert Runcie (2 January 1981)[45]
- Rowan Williams[citation needed]
Religious leaders[]
- Vincent Nichols (7 September 2011)[46]
- Renato Martino (6 May 2013)[47]
- Cormac Murphy-O'Connor[citation needed]
- William Booth (26 October 1906)[48][49]
- Arnold Brown[citation needed]
- Robin Dunster (13 September 2007)[50]
Diplomats[]
- Ľubomír Rehák (2020)[51]
- Sylvie Bermann (26 July 2017)[citation needed]
- Alexander Downer, Sr. (1965)[citation needed]
- Ferdinand de Lesseps[citation needed]
- Daniel Mulhall (17 July 2017)[52]
- Arkady Rzegocki, Polish Ambassador (26 February 2020)[53]
Entertainment and the arts[]
- Raymond Baxter (1978)[citation needed]
- Sir Michael Caine (8 March 2013)[54][55]
- Dame Joan Collins (18 September 2014)[citation needed]
- Justin Connolly (13 January 1989)[citation needed]
- Dame Judi Dench[10]
- Plácido Domingo (16 April 2013)[56]
- Mark Oliver Everett (July 2019)[57]
- Colin Firth (8 March 2012)[citation needed]
- Morgan Freeman (12 November 2014)[58]
- Stephen Fry[10]
- Bob Geldof (16 September 2013)[59]
- Ron Goodwin[citation needed]
- Paul Humphreys (1996)[citation needed]
- Teriy Keys (18 September 2014)[citation needed]
- Damian Lewis (20 March 2013)[60]
- Annie Lennox[10]
- Dame Vera Lynn (1978)[citation needed]
- Ian McKellen (30 October 2014)[61]
- Luciano Pavarotti (12 November 2005)[62]
- J. K. Rowling (8 May 2012)[63]
- Eddie Redmayne[64]
- Audrey Russell, broadcaster[65]
- Stephen Sondheim (2018)[66]
- Smurfie Syco
- Eric Sykes[citation needed]
- Dame Barbara Windsor (4 August 2010) [67]
- Henry Winkler (9 January 2014)[68]
- Ronnie Wood (6 April 2021)
- Tommy Steele (19 July 2021)
Historically notable Britons[]
- Sir George Arthur[citation needed]
- Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell[citation needed]
- David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty (16 June 1919)[69]
- John Bercow (4 July 2016)[citation needed]
- Sir Edward Berry[citation needed]
- Sir James Brooke (1847)[citation needed]
- Baroness Burdett-Coutts (18 July 1872).[citation needed] first female Honorary Freeman.[citation needed]
- Sir Austen Chamberlain (25 March 1926)[70]
- Sir Alexander Cockburn, 12th Baronet (9 March 1876)[71]
- Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (23 January 1912)[72]
- Edward Jenner[citation needed]
- Digby, Lord Jones of Birmingham[citation needed]
- Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (4 November 1898)[73]
- Sir Neville Leigh
- William Lidderdale (1891)[citation needed]
- Sir Francis Leopold McClintock (May 1860)[citation needed]
- Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner (23 July 1901)[74]
- Captain Sir Tom Moore[75] (12 May 2020)
- Florence Nightingale (16 August 1908).[citation needed] She was the second woman to receive the Honorary Freedom.[citation needed]
- Randall, Lord Davidson of Lambeth (1928)[citation needed]
- James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez[citation needed]
- John Francis Scott (16 Oct 1796 – 16 Dec 1854) (1823) Son of Warrant Officer John Scott R.N., Purser, secretary and close friend to Admiral Nelson, who was killed on 21 Oct 1805 whilst standing next to Nelson on the deck of HMS Victory during the Battle of Trafalgar[76]
- Sir Henry Morton Stanley (13 January 1887)[citation needed]
- George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham[citation needed]
- Bernard, Baron Weatherill (1949)[citation needed]
- Sir George Williams (June 1894)[77]
- Sir William Fenwick Williams[citation needed]
- Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley[citation needed]
Other notable recipients[]
- Peter Ackroyd (15 December 2006)[78]
- David Bagration of Mukhrani, Head of the Royal House of Georgia.[citation needed]
- Gerard Francis Claude Basset (1 September 2016)[citation needed]
- Noel Byrne (20 December 2017) "A dedicated servant to the City and its people"[citation needed]
- Bartholomew Broadbent (17 January 1985)[citation needed]
- Mark Carney, former governor, Bank of Canada; former governor, Bank of England (2014)[citation needed]
- Roy Chadwick (1943)[citation needed]
- Joseph Chamberlain (13 February 1902)[79]
- Cheong Ming Lam (3 Oct 2009)[citation needed]
- Imran Ahmed Chowdhury (2013)[citation needed]
- Shaw Clifton (13 September 2007)[50]
- Alastair Cook[10]
- Frederick Cook (15 October 1909)[80]
- Tom Cox[citation needed] (April 2017)
- Crista Cullen (23 August 2013)[81]
- Nigel Cumberland (29 June 2016)[82][83][84]
- Brian Dear (3 October 2001 for charity work)[85]
- Xohan Duran (27 April 2016)[citation needed]
- Massimo Ellul (26 September 2005)[citation needed]
- Liam Hackett (15 September 2010)[86][87]
- Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (16 June 1919)[69]
- David John Harmer (10 May 2002)[citation needed]
- Julia Houghton (13 November 2008)[citation needed]
- Lasse Lehtinen (21 September 2007)[88]
- Charles Lindbergh[citation needed]
- Trevor Lock (May 1980 for heroism during the Iranian Embassy Siege)[citation needed]
- Frank Marshall, Baron Marshall of Leeds[citation needed]
- Ed Mirvish[citation needed]
- Angelo Musa, President of Real Academia Sancti Ambrosii Martyris (19 April 2016)[89]
- Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala[citation needed]
- Zenobia Nadirshaw (16 November 2017), a practising psychologist for 40 years, governor of London Metropolitan University, advisor to the Minister of Health and trustee of three charitable organisations.[citation needed]
- Ari Norman (6 November 1992) for services to the British silver industry[90]
- Chris Pavlou[citation needed]
- (8 May 2019)[citation needed]
- Frederick Penny, 1st Viscount Marchwood[citation needed]
- Sir Thomas Phillips (voted 26 February 1840, admitted on 7 April 1840)[91][92]
- John-Paul Preston (3 January 2018)[citation needed]
- Sir John Ross (March 1834)[citation needed]
- Simone Lakmaker (1982)[citation needed]
- Lloyd Searson (27 September 2017)[citation needed]
- Fredrick Smallbone (31 October 2017)[citation needed]
- Leonard Alexander Thirkettle (Chief Petty Officer Instructor, Sea Cadet Corps - 2006)[citation needed]
- Robin Tilbrook (27 September 2011)[93]
- Keiron J. Trebilcoe (22 January 2015)[citation needed]
- John E. Bevan (Designer) (15 June 2015)
- David Weir (3 December 2012)[94]
- Rob Whiteman (1 May 2014), public servant and CEO of CIPFA
- Sir James Willcocks (11 July 1901). Freedom of the City of London with sword of honour.[95]
- Bob Winter (10 September 2007)[96]
- Adrian Yeandle (8 December 2017)[citation needed]
- [97]
- Julian Lewis
- James Robertson (Distiller) (19 June 2020)
- David Taylor (13th January 2021)
- David Wallin (approved 19 July 2012, admitted 1 March 2021)
- Frederick Martin Kinahan (16 April 2021)
Honorary Freedom[]
The granting of the Honorary Freedom of the City of London (or Freedom Honoris Causa) is extremely rare and generally awarded today only to royalty, heads of state, or figures of genuine global standing. It is the greatest honour that is in the power of the City of London to bestow, and usually takes place in Guildhall in the presence of the Common Council and the lord mayor, sheriffs, and aldermen, along with invited guests.
The most recent recipient, after a gap of some eleven years, was Archbishop Desmond Tutu, with the ceremony taking place at Mansion House in 2013.[citation needed] In 1996 Nelson Mandela, as President of South Africa, received the same honour. The presentation on such occasions is made by the Chamberlain of London, and is often followed by a banquet at Guildhall or Mansion House. Historically, the first personage to be so honoured was William Pitt the Elder in 1757. However, there are also records of the presentation of such in May 1698 to Philemon Philip Carter, son of Nathaniel Carter (goldsmiths) in the "Freedom of the City Admission Papers" 1681-1930. For many years it was the custom to present the Freedom in specially commissioned and unique gold or silver caskets, the design of which was inspired by the background and the achievements of the individual to which it was presented. More normal today would be to present the honour in the form of a scroll in an inscribed box.[citation needed]
References[]
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Further reading[]
- London's Roll of Fame: Being Complimentary Notes and Addresses from the City of London, on Presentation of the Honorary Freedom of that City, and on Other Occasions, to Royal Personages, Statesmen etc. The City of London Corporation, Benjamin Scott (ed.), 1884
- History of the City of London
- People from the City of London
- Freedom of the City
- City of London-related lists