Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix

His Excellency[1] Lieutenant General, Sir Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix
circa 1758
Born	Quirin Frideric de Forcade[2] (1699-01-11)11 January 1699[2] Berlin, Brandenburg[2]
Died	(1765-03-23)23 March 1765[1] Berlin, Brandenburg[1]
Burial place	Family vault in the crypts under the Garnisonkirche, Berlin (before 1949)[1] Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf (after 1949)
Title	Domherr of Havelberg Drost in Neuenrade Amtshauptmann of Zinna President of the Ober-Collegium Sanitatis Lieutenant governor of Breslau
Spouse(s)	Marie de Montolieu, Baroness de Saint-Hippolyte (1727)
Children	23, of which 4 stillborn, most notably: Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold von Forcade de Biaix
Parent(s)	Lieutenant General Sir Jean de Forcade de Biaix and Juliane Freiin von Hoenstedt
Military career
Allegiance	Prussia
Service/branch	Prussian Army
Rank	Lieutenant General
Unit	1st White Fusilier Guards, under the 1st Prussian Infantry Regiment (1713-1721) 23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment (1721-1757)
Commands held	23rd Prussian Infantry Regiment (14 July 1748) Commandant of Berlin (14 July 1748) Adjutant General to King Frederick the Great (24 December 1756) Prussian Infantry at the Battle of Breslau (16 February 1757)
Battles/wars	Great Northern War First Silesian War Second Silesian War Seven Years' War
Awards	Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle[3]
Memorials	Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great, north facing commemorative plaque

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix,^[4][5][6][7] baptized Quirin Frideric de Forcade, aka Friedrich Quirin von Forcade, aka Frédéric Quérin de Forcade^[8] (* 11 January 1699,^[2][8] Berlin;^[2][4][9] † 23 March 1765,^[1][10][11] Berlin^{[1][10][11][12]}) was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General,^[1][9][13] the second son of a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General,^[9] an early Huguenot immigrant to Brandenburg-Prussia and a descendant of the noble family of Forcade. He was one of King Frederick the Great's most active and most treasured officers.^[10][14] He was wounded three times and once left for dead on the battlefield. Together with his wife, he fathered 23 children.^[10]

He was Regimentschef of the ,^[13][15] recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite,^[5][9] Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle,^{[3][9][13][14][16]} Canon (German: Domherr) of Havelberg,^[5][14] Castellan (German: Drost) in Neuenrade in the County of Mark,^[9] Lord Seneschal (German: Amtshauptmann) of Zinna,^{[9][10][13][14]} President of the Ober-Collegium Sanitatis in Berlin and Lieutenant governor of Breslau.^[13]

In 1851, his name was immortalized on the north facing commemorative plaque on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great in Berlin.

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix is erroneously referred to in some 19th century historical sources in Prussia as the Marquis de Biaix.^[3][14][17] As with his father, there is no evidence that he was ever a Marquis. Biaix was not a marquisate, but instead a noble manor (see also Manorialism). He was also never the Seigneur de Biaix. The title Seigneur was not hereditary. In the case of his family, his grandfather, who purchased the Biaix Manor in 1659, was the Seigneur de Biaix.^[18] Following his death in 1684, his father's eldest brother inherited the property and the right to enter the Estates of Béarn and became the next Seigneur de Biaix. He, in turn, passed it to his eldest son.

Early life[]

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix was the second son of Lieutenant General Jean de Forcade de Biaix (1663–1729) and his wife, the Baroness Juliane von Honstedt, daughter of the Major General Baron ,^[9][19][20] from Württemberg but in the service of Prussia. His baptismal Godfather was none less than Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg and King in Prussia in 1698, who became Frederick I of Prussia the first King of Prussia aka "the Mercenary King" in 1701.

His father was a Huguenot religious exile^[10][21] who was among the earliest arrivals in Brandenburg-Prussia,^[22] after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by the Edict of Fontainebleau^[14] in October 1685. Unlike his father and his eldest brother, choosing to not abjure from his Calvinist beliefs, he left his native Béarn in France for Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick I of Prussia, then Elector of Brandenburg, was not only encouraging, but actively facilitating, Huguenot immigration.

Little else is known about his early life.

Military career[]

Portrait of a Regimental Commander, probably Johann Quirin von Forcade; by Antoine Pesne, date unknown, before 1757.

The lives and careers of both Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix and his father are intricately linked to the history of the , founded in 1713 and disbanded in 1806. Forcade spent the majority of his career on the infantry side of this regiment. The regiment also included a company of Grenadiers, the . It was garrisoned in Berlin from 1716 until 1806. He later commanded the entire regiment, including the Grenadiers, for 17 years, (14 July 1748 - 23 March 1765). His father commanded the regiment during 13 years (February 1716 - 2 February 1729). During much of its existence, as well as more than 200 years after, it was referred to as Forcade's Regiment. The Regiment is immortalized in the German military marching composition "Das Regiment Forcade" that was in use as late as World War II.

Forcade entered Prussian military service in 1713^[4][9] during the reign of King Frederick William I of Prussia (1713–40), beginning what would become one of the most notable military careers in the history of the Kingdom of Prussia, spanning some 53 years,^[12] and further serving under King Frederick the Great (1740–65).

• 21 September 1713,^[4][9] appointed as a Fähnrich,^[4][9] an entry-level commissioned officer with the Grenadiers of the , in the 1st Prussian Infantry Regiment,^[4] aka General Field Marshall Count von Wartensleben's Infantry Regiment (in 1788, called von Bornstedt's Regiment).^[9]

Great Northern War (1715)[]

Following Brandenburg-Prussia's declaration of war against Sweden in the summer of 1715, Forcade fought in the Pomeranian Campaigns. He fought at the Siege of Stralsund^[4][11] (15 June 1715 - 23 December 1715), where he was wounded for the first time, the storming of the Peenemuende Lair (21–22 August 1715) and on Rügen Island (16–18 November 1715).

• 11 January 1716,^[4][9] promoted to Second Lieutenant.^[4][9]
• Promoted on 26 May 1719^[4][9] to First Lieutenant.^[4][9]
• 24 January 1721,^[4][9] promoted to Captain^[4][9] in his father's Regiment,^[4][9] the .^[4][13] At the time, still commonly referred to as the Regiment von Sydow.
• In 1732,^[4][9] promoted to Major^[4][9] in the same regiment.^[4][9][13]
• Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1740.^[4][9][13]

First Silesian War (1740–42)[]

He fought near Glogau (29 December 1740 - 2 January 1741), Breslau (29 December 1740 - 2 January 1741), Ottmachau Palace (12 January 1741), Troppau (23 January 1740), Graetz (25 January 1741), the Battle of Mollwitz^[4][11] (10 April 1741), at Neisse (19 October 1741 - 31 October 1741), Laa (12 March 1742), Bruenn (31 March 1742 - 3 April 1742), Austerlitz (10 April 1742) and Wartha (25–26 May 1742).

• 30 May 1743,^[4][9] promoted to Colonel.^[4][9][13]
• In June 1743,^[9] he was appointed Amtshauptmann von Zinna^[9][10][14] (the civil official heading the Zinna district government).

Second Silesian War (1744–45)[]

Forcade and the fought at Prague (2–18 September 1744), Pless aka Josephstadt (27 November 1744), Patschkau (27 December 1744) the Battle of Hohenfriedberg^[4][11] (4 June 1745), Gross- and Klein Bocken (31 July 1745), around Neustadt in Böhmen (11–12 September 1745), at the Battle of Soor^{[4][10][11][14]} (30 September 1745) and at Trautenbach and Schatzlar (16 October 1745).

The regiment lost its Regimentschef, Major General , at the Battle of Soor. Forcade himself, was shot through the calf of his right foot.^[11] Badly wounded,^[10][13][14] he was left for dead on the battlefield.^[11][12] King Frederick the Great attributed the glory of the victory to him for his actions on the battlefield that day,^[5][11][12] and, on 6 January 1746, awarded him the Kingdom of Prussia's highest order of merit, the Pour le Mérite,^{[5][10][11][13][14]} as well as a pension of 600 Thaler^{[5][10][11][13][14]} and the title of Canon (Domherr) of Havelberg.^{[5][10][11][13][14]}

Another episode in 1746 demonstrates just how much King Frederick the Great treasured Forcade. During a ritual presentation at court at the Berlin Palace, Forcade had to lean on a window because of his wounded right foot. The King personally brought him a chair, graciously saying: "My dear Colonel von Forcade, so brave and worthy a man, as He is, well deserves that even the King himself brings him a chair."^{[10][11][12][14][23][24]}

• In 1747, on occasion of the baptism of his son, Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold, the King Frederick the Great was the Godfather. As a gift, the King ordered von Forcade to accept the title of Drost zu Neuenrade (the Official responsible for the militarily administrative district of Neuenrade) in the County of Mark with the royal command that it be later transferred to the child.^[14]
• May 1747, promoted to Major General,^[11] with rank retroactive to 4 December 1743.^[11][13]
• Appointed on 14 July 1748 as Regimentschef^[4] of his father's old regiment,^[4] the ,^[4][13] at the time also referred to as Donha's Regiment, after his predecessor, Count Christoph zu Dohna.^[11][14][15]

Seven Years' War (1754–63)[]

Forcade commanded his regiment in early engagements near Pirna (11 September 1756 - 16 October 1756).

• 10 February 1757, promoted to Lieutenant General.^{[4][10][11][13][14]}

Forcade and the were particularly active during the Seven Years' War.

1757[]

He commanded his regiment, fighting alongside of his men, at

• the Battle of Reichenberg near Kratzau (21 April 1757); Infantry
• the Battle of Prague^[4][11] (6 May 1757 - 20 June 1757); Infantry and Grenadiers
• Aussig (27/29 July 1757); Infantry and Grenadiers
• Kotta (24 August 1757); Grenadiers
• Markranstädt (29 October 1757); Infantry and Grenadiers
• the Battle of Rossbach^[4][11][13] (5 November 1757); Infantry and Grenadiers
• the Battle of Leuthen^{[10][11][12][13][14]} (5 December 1757); Infantry and Grenadiers
• Klein-Mochbern and Maria-Höfchen, near Breslau (6 December 1757); Grenadiers
• the Siege of Breslau^[13] (7–20 December 1757); Infantry
• Nikolaivorstadt at Görlitz (12 December 1757); Infantry
• Landeshut (22 December 1757); Grenadiers

Forcade's infantry lost 600 men during each of the battles at Prague and Leuthen.

• On 7 December 1757,^[3][16] after commanding the Battle of Leuthen^[11][13][16] in which distinguished himself beyond description,^[11] he was awarded the Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle.^{[3][11][13][16]}

When the King took possession of Leuthen, he personally wrote of von Forcade:

English translation: "My dear Lieutenant General von Forkade. I know that he has endured much at this siege, and it is our fortune because of him, that we were soon able to become masters of the city, because he otherwise, without my being able to help or relieve him, would have had to endure even more. So I thank him for it, and because he endured the most here : so shall he also alone have the honor from it. So, I herewith award him not only the Order of the Black Eagle, but also appointed him as Lieutenant governor of Breslau. I have awarded the vacant {command of} the Bremen Grenadier Company in Golz' Regiment to his eldest son, who is my Adjutant, because he well deserves it".

1758[]

• Holitz in Bohemia (11–12 July 1758); Infantry
• the Battle of Zorndorf^[11][12] (25 August 1758); Infantry and Grenadiers
• the Battle of Jenkwitz (11 October 1758); Infantry
• the Battle of Hochkirch (14 October 1758); Infantry and Grenadiers

Forcade was wounded again at the Zorndorf.^{[11][12][13][25]} The Prussians lost 12,800 men, the Russians lost 18,000 men at Zorndorf. Forcade lost 1,600 of his men that day, 800 each from his infantry and Grenadiers, as well as the Grenadier's commanding officer, Major Ernst Sigismund von Wedell.

He again lost 1,600 of his men again at Hochkirch, 800 each from his infantry and Grenadiers, where the Prussians were defeated on the battlefield.

1759[]

• the Battle of Friedland in Bohemia (9 September 1759); Infantry

During this successful battle, Forcade's infantry took 700 prisoners and destroyed an important munitions depot.

1760[]

• in April 1760, he marched the regiment to Pomerania and forced the Russian General Tottleben to retreat from the province to the Polish border.^[13]
• the Siege of Dresden (13–22 July 1760); Infantry and Grenadiers
• Adelsdorf (9 August 1760); Grenadier
• the Battle of Liegnitz (15 August 1760); Infantry and Grenadiers
• Hochgiersdorf (17 September 1760); Grenadier
• Schöna (2 November 1760); Grenadier
• the Battle of Torgau^[11][12][13] (3 November 1760); Infantry and Grenadiers

At the Battle of Torgau, Forcade lost 15 officers and more than 600 men.

1761[]

• Schwadronschef (Rittmeister) of the 2nd Grenadier Company^[26] under Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia.
• an entrenched camp near Bunzelwitz (20 August 1761 - 25 September 1761); Infantry

1762[]

• 1762, commanded a special corps under Prince Henry of Prussia in Saxony.^{[10][11][12][13]}
• the Battle of (9 March 1762); Grenadiers

Although Forcade's Grenadiers won the Battle of against 4,000 Austrians, they lost their commanding officer, Major , who died from his wounds a week after the battle.

• Döbeln (12 May 1762); Grenadiers
• Marches between Frauenstein and Tharandt Forest: Klingenberg, Beerwalde Mill, Rothenbach Mill, Lehn-Mill (15 May 1762); Grenadiers
• the Siege of Schweidnitz (4 August 1762 - 10 October 1762); Infantry
• Brand (15 October 1762); Grenadiers
• the Battle of Freiberg^[12] (29 October 1762)

The Treaty of Hubertusburg[]

In 1763, following the Treaty of Hubertusburg,^[11] he received a gift of 8,000 Thaler^[11] from King Frederick the Great.^[10][13]

A cabinet order of the King on 19 May 1763 created a War Tribunal, presided over by Lieutenant General von Forcade, together with Lieutenant Generals von Wedell, von Czetteritz and von Wylich.^[27]

Final Years[]

The proverb "Brave wie Forcade" (Brave like Forcade) became a standard expression of valor in the Prussian Army during the 18th century. "Das Regiment Forcade (hat nie ein Feind besiegt)" (lyrics by Georg von Kries, melody by Hans Hertel, 1906) was long a standard, at times mandatory, composition in the German military song repertoire.

His Legacy[]

Following Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix's death in 1765, his widow received a handwritten letter,^[11] in French, from King Frederick the Great, that reads:

English translation: "I take advantage of the first {free} moment of my convalescence to let you know the part I take in the loss you experienced, and what I want to do to relieve your justifiable pain. I give you a first pension of five hundred crowns for the long and faithful {years of} service that your husband rendered me; a second identical sum, in consideration of your happy fertility; and a third, also of five hundred crowns, to help you raise your children. I can only recommend that you make sure that they follow in the footsteps of their father."^[14][28]

Madame von Forcade undoubtedly highly appreciated this well-deserved gesture. She made sure that their children respected the King's wishes; all four sons were said to have been commissioned officers; six of the seven daughters were said to have married military men, and the seventh married a pastor and was the head of a religious order.

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix was interred following a state funeral where he was given a vault for himself and his family in the crypts under the Old Garrison Church in Berlin, which was destroyed during the allied bombing of Berlin on 23 November 1943. Following the destruction of the church, the tombs not destroyed during the bombings, where among others 15 Prussian Field Marshals and about 50 Prussian Generals were buried between 1722 and 1830, were broken into and plundered by grave robbers on several occasions. At the recommendation of the Soviet military authorities, the 199 human remains still present were gathered from the vault and were placed into 47 coffins, and transferred into a community grave at the de:Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf near the chapel. His remains, and those of his wife, were among those transferred.

A 19th century theatrical play centered around Frederick the Great, affectionately referred to as (Old Fritz), and Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix.^{[citation needed]}

In 1851, General von Forcade was immortalized on the north facing commemorative plaque on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great in Berlin.

Family[]

Coat of Arms[]

Coat-of-Arms, Forcade, Marquies de Biaix, Prussian Branch, pre-1856^[29]

The family motto of the Prussian branch is "In Virtute Pertinax".^[30]

Coat of Arms: An escutcheon with the field divided into four parts. Left half: argent tincture, a gules lion holding a sinople eradicated oak tree between its paws; azure tincture charged with three or mullets; Right half: a gules castle with three towers on an argent tincture; sinople tincture charged with three argent roses below it. A Grafenkrone (Count's coronet) as helmut on top of the escutcheon, crested with a or fleur-de-lis. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon. Motto: "In Virtute Pertinax".^[31]

Heraldic Symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the eradicated oak tree symbolizes strength and endurance; the towers are symbols of defense and of individual fortitude; the mullets (5-star) symbolizes divine quality bestowed by god; the rose is a symbol of hope and joy; the fleur-de-lis is the floral emblem of France; the coronet is a symbol of victory, sovereignty and empire. A Count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars in the Middle Ages.

Parents[]

Jean de Forcade de Biaix^[32] (1663-1729), was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General.^[14][21][32] He was the Regimentschef^[21] of the , Commandant of the Royal Residence in Berlin,^[14][21] Gouverneur militaire of Berlin and Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle.^[14]

He married the Baroness Juliane von Honstedt,^[9][10][14] from the noble house of Erdeborn, on 15 April 1697. She was the daughter of Major General^[9] Quirin, Erbherr (Allod) von Honstedt^[9][19][20] (aka Hohnstedt, aka Honstädt), Herr of Sulzau, Weikenburg and Erdeborn,^[20] and his wife Maria Magdalena Streiff von Löwenstein,^[9][20] of Falkenau, Diedenhosten and Bacour.^[20]

Marriage[]

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix originally intended to marry a daughter of French Baron (1690–1748).^[33] The rich baron and his family had left Paris after the collapse of John Law's Mississippi Company in 1720 and befriended King Frederick William I of Prussia. When the King ordered Vernezobre to marry his daughter to von Forcade de Biaix, who she rejected, the marriage was only averted when Vernezobre agreed to undertake the construction of a prestigious city residence for the King, referred to as the Vernezobre'sche Palais, located at Husarenstraße 102, later renamed in his honor to Wilhelmstrasse 102, after the King's death in 1740.

He subsequently married on 7 October 1727^[34] at the French Cathedral in Berlin^[34] with 18 year old Baroness Marie de Montolieu de St.-Hippolyte^[10][11] aka Maria von Montaulieu, Freiin von St.-Hippolyte (* 23 August 1709, Berlin; † 15 September 1767,^[35] Berlin^[35]), the youngest daughter of Sardinian and Prussian Major General^[11] (* about 1667, Saint-Hippolyte-de-Caton, France; † 23 August 1738, Berlin), also a Huguenot exile. From their marriage and until their respective deaths, the couple maintained a fixed residence and home in Berlin.

Children[]

A look at the baptisms of the couple's children provides a both interesting and noteworthy documentary of just how close the ties were between the Forcades, the royal family, members of the royal household and other key figures in Frederick the Great's most intimate inner circle.

Over a period of 25 years, the couple had 23 children,^{[8][10][11][35]} including four said to be stillborn.^[8][11] Eleven survived^[8][10][11] their father, of which four were sons.^[8] Known are:

1. Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix^[36] (* 23 July 1728, Berlin; † 3 September 1778, Frankfurt/Oder^[36]), the eldest son,^[36] Royal Prussian Colonel, Schwadronschef (Rittmeister) of the 2nd Grenadier Company in the , and, after 1 July 1761, acting Regimentschef^[36] of the [24th Prussian Infantry Regiment]^[36] garrisoned in Frankfurt/Oder,^[36] recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite^[36] He was presented for baptism on 23 August 1728^[37] at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by none less than the King, Frederick William I of Prussia and Major General Jean de Forcade de Biaix, the paternal grandfather, together his Godfathers.^[37] Also present at the baptism were the Princess Johanna Charlotte von Anhalt-Dessau, ^[37] and widow of Margrave Philip William of Brandenburg-Schwedt,^[38] Countess Anna Sophia von Treskow, second wife of General Field Marshal Count Alexander Hermann von Wartensleben, and Susan de Pelissier, wife of Major General and the child's the maternal grandmother, collectively his Godmothers.
2. Louis von Forcade de Biaix (* 20 August 1729, Berlin; † 19 January 1737, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 27 August 1729 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by , Major General in the service of the King of Prussia and Lieutenant Marshal in the service of Philip V of Spain, King of Sardinia, the child's maternal grandfather, and by Dame Julie von Honstedt, widow of Lieutenant General Jean de Forcade de Biaix, his paternal grandmother, his Godparents.
3. Charlotte Sophie von Forcade de Biaix (* 30 July 1730, Berlin; † 15 March, 1794, Ober Langenöls, Silesia), ∞ 29 July 1748 in Berlin-Garnisonkirche with Heinrich Siegismund von Eberhard († 5 March 1757). She was presented for baptism on 8 August 1730 in her parents' home in Berlin by Baron Friderich Charles, de Montolieu, the King's Chamberlain and the child's maternal uncle, and by Dame Philippine Sophie de Forcade de Biaix, wife of Major Paul Albrecht de Glereau (sometimes written de Gleveau) and the child's paternal aunt, his Godparents.
4. Louise Susanne^[39] von Forcade de Biaix (* 4 December 1731, Berlin) ∞ on 17 November 1756 in Berlin with Carl Bernhard Feriherr von Prittwitz und Gaffron (* 29 March 1735; † 7 September 1786, Berlin).^[40][41] She was presented for baptism on 14 December 1731 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Forcade's commanding officer Colonel , Baron Eberhard Wilhelm von Honstedt, Louise Charlotte von Sturm, wife of Colonel , and by Susanne de Montolieu, Baroness de Saint-Hippolyte, wife of Lieutenant Colonel and the child's maternal aunt, collectively the Godparents.
5. Christian Louis von Forcade de Biaix (* 3 January 1733, Berlin; † 27 April 1739, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 14 December 1731 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Monseigneur the Margrave Christian Louis, Baron ,^[42] Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État), Gertrud von Haeseler,^[43] wife of ,^[44] Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) and Cabinet Secretary under King, Frederick William I of Prussia, and by Anna Charlotte von Brandt, wife of General , collectively his Godparents.
6. Twin: Albertine Marthe von Forcade de Biaix, the elder twin (* 25 February 1734, Berlin; † 10 May 1734, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 7 March 1734 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by the General Field Marshal Count Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein and by Madame Marthe de Rocoulle^[45] (sometimes de Rocoulles, de Roukoul),^[46] Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) to the royal family, a Huguenot refugee who arrived in Berlin as the widow of Esaie du Maz de Montbail^[47][48][45] in 1685.
7. Twin: Françoise Wilhelmine von Forcade de Biaix, the younger twin (* 25 February 1734, Berlin; † 25 May 1734, Berlin). The child was presented for baptism on 7 March 1734 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by , Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) and Auditor General of the Prussian Army in the Department of Criminal Affairs, and by Miss Sophia Wilhelmine von Kameke, Lady in Waiting (French: Dame d'Honneur) to the Queen of Prussia, Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, daughter of , the Grand Master of the King's wardrobe (French: Grand-maître de la garde-robe du roi) ^[49] and his wife, Ilse Anna von Brünnow, the Grande Maîtresse to the royal household.^[50]
8. Elisabeth Marie Henriette Quirin von Forcade de Biaix (* 21 December 1735, Berlin; † 24 September 1774, Klieken, Saxony-Anhalt; buried 27 September 1774, Berlin-Spandau), ∞ 22 August 1756 with Lieutenant General (* 29 December 1733, Klieken; † 15 July1808, Klieken). She was presented for baptism on 5 January 1734 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Prince Henry of Prussia, Lieutenant General Count Friedrich Sebastian Wunibald Truchsess zu Waldburg, by the Duke of Holstein (believed to actually be Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach), by the Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia, by the Louise Charlotte of Brandenbourg, née Duchess of Courland, and by Christiane Freiin Wolfskeel von Reichenberg,^[51] aka Madame von Katsch, Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) to the Queen and widow of ,^[52] First Minister of Justice, collectively her Godparents.
9. Guillaume Henry Leopold Philippe von Forcade de Biaix (* 1737, Berlin; † 23 July 1737, Berlin). He was presented for baptism on 10 March 1737 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by General Field Marshal Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow, Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État), Count , Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État), ,^[53] Chamberlain and later Hofmarschall to the King, Lieutenant Colonel , Margarethe Elisabeth von Rhetz (sometimes von Reetz), widow of Lieutenant General , and by the wife of the Chamberlain von Morian, collectively his Godparents.
10. Sophie Mariane Louise von Forcade de Biaix (* 2 November 1738, Berlin; † 26 January 1739, Berlin). She was presented for baptism on 15 November 1737 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Monseigneur Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, his wife, , , and the Baroness von Montzinger, the Baroness Luise Susanne von Beschefer, wife of Baron Ludwig Kasimir von und zu Hertefeld and daughter of Huguenot Lieutenant General Jacob de Bechefer, aka , Commandant of Magdeburg, collectively her Godparents.
11. Caroline Albertine Louise von Forcade de Biaix (* 2 December 1739, Berlin; † 22 August 1739, Hohenfinow, Barnim, Brandenburg), ∞ before 1766 with three time widower Baron Matthieu de Vernezobre de Laurieux (* 15 April 1721, Paris; † 28 April 1782, Hohenfinow), married in his first marriage with Charlotte Henriette Amalie von Cocceji (* 5 August 1729; † 4 October 1757). She was presented for baptism on 15 December 1739 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Monseigneur Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Count General Field Marshal Christoph Wilhelm von Kalckstein, her first cousin once removed Captain Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, Countess Charlotte Albertine Finck von Finckenstein, wife of Colonel , Sophia Albertine von Creutz, wife of Royal Adjutant General Count Hans Christoph Friedrich von Hacke, and the wife of Gerhard Heinrich von Wolden, Chamberlain to Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and later Hofmarschall in Rheinsberg to Frederick the Great, collectively her Godparents.
12. Christophle Louis von Forcade de Biaix (* 24 March 1741, Berlin; † 2 November 1768, Jakarta, Indonesia). He was presented for baptism on 3 April 1741 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Christoph II., Burggrave and Count of Dohna-Schlodien^[54] Lord Steward of the Household (German: Obersthofmeister, French: Grand Maître de la cour) of Queen Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, by Count , the Queen's Hofmarschall (French: Maréchal de la cour), by Baron von Müller, Queen Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern's Chamberlain, by Johanna Charlotte von Beschefer, wife of Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) Samuel von Cocceji and daughter of Huguenot Lieutenant General Jacob de Bechefer, aka , Commandant of Magdeburg, by Katharina Dorothea Charlotte von Erlach,^[55] wife of , Queen Mother Sophia Dorothea of Hanover's Hofmarschall (French: Maréchal de la cour), elevated on 5 November 1742 to Count,^[56] and the Countess Anne Friederike von Kameke, wife of , Adjutant General to the King. He died on 2 November 1768 in Jakarta, Indonesia, while employed as a sergeant for the Dutch East India Company on his first voyage. There is some evidence, although inconclusive, that he may have married a Marguerite Dubeau from Bitburg, and had at least one son, Johann Baptiste von Forcade, born in Berlin about 1765, who immigrated to Québec and married there in 1787.
13. Leopoldine Augustine Anne Charlotte von Forcade de Biaix (* 24 August 1742, Berlin; † 7 May 1784, Königsberg, East Prussia), ∞ about 1766 with ^[57] (* 10 June 1723, Postelwitz, Duchy of Oels; † 16 December 1781,^[58] Königsberg, East Prussia), Royal Prussian Lord Steward of Forests (German: Oberforstmeister). She was presented for baptism on 3 September 1742 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, wife of Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis, Duchess of Württemberg, by Anne de Bezuc, Baroness de Verfeuil,^[59] wife of Monsieur Alexandre de la Tour du Pin-Gouvernet, Baron de Verfeuil^[60] and sister of Colonel Philippe de Brueys, Baron de Bezuc, by Marguerite Charlotte le Chenevix de Beville, widow of Colonel Philippe de Brueys, Baron de Bezuc, Governor of Neuchâtel, Knight of the , by Catherine de Thibaud, wife of Conseiller de cour Aymar de Montolieu de Saint-Hippolyte, and by Major Duclos, collectively her Godparents.
14. Charlotte Sophie Therese Marthe von Forcade de Biaix (* 25 October 1743, Berlin; † 23 March 1799, Steinfurth near Bad Nauheim), First Lady-in-Waiting (German: Erste Ehrendame, French: Première Dame d'honneur) to the Princess of Prussia, ∞ 29 September 1775^[61] in Berlin-Friedrichstadt with Baron Johann Hugo Wilhelm Löw von und zu Steinfurth (* 25 August 1750, Lübz; † 23 May 1786, Steinfurth near Bad Nauheim), Royal Prussian Chamberlain and Knight of the Order of Joseph. She was presented for baptism on 7 November 1743 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, the Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) and the Grand Squire (French: Grand Écuyer) , by Sophie-Caroline de Brandt, aka the Countess de Camas, Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) of the court of Queen Elisabeth Christine and widow of Paul de Camas,^[62] formerly the Prussian Ambassador to Paris and a close personal friend of the French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher, Voltaire, Dorothea von Trzebitzky, aka the Countess Truchsess zu Waldburg, wife of Lieutenant General Count Friedrich Sebastian Wunibald Truchsess zu Waldburg, and by Mademoiselle Marthe de Montbail, collectively her Godparents.
15. Georg Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix,^[36] baptized Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix (* 19 October 1746, Berlin; † 31 August 1811, Wohlau, Silesia), later referred to as the second son,^[36] Royal Prussian Major^[36] in the 1st Hussar Regiment;^[36] married before 1783 with Johanna Sophia Zippelius (* 8 June 1755; † 21 August 1802, Winzig near Breslau, Silesia). He was presented for baptism on 29 October 1746 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Major General on behalf of King Frederick the Great, by Prince Augustus William of Prussia, Prince of Prussia, by General Field Marshal Count Samuel von Schmettau, by Major General Count Hans Christoph Friedrich Graf von Hacke, by Princess Luise Amelie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, wife of the Prince of Prussia, by Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia, by Madame von Blaspigel, Grand Governess (French: Grande gouvernante, German: Oberhofmeisterin) to Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia, and by Anna von Brünnow, aka the Countess von Kameke, widow of , collectively his Godparents.
16. Friedrich Heinrich Ferdinand Leopold von Forcade de Biaix^[36] (* 19 December 1747,^[36] Berlin; † 12 October 1808,^[36] Schleibitz Manor,^[63] Oels, Silesia), the third son, retired Royal Prussian Lieutenant Colonel, participated in the Rhine Campaigns,^[36] recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite (1774),^[36] Castellan in Neuenrade in the County of Mark^[36] after his father's death; ∞ 15 April 1782^[36] at Ossen Manor in Oels, Silesia to Johanna Christine Wilhelmine von Koshembahr und Skorkau^[36] from the house of Ossen^[14] (* 13 January 1761, Ossen Manor in Oels, Silesia; † 9 July 1816, Breslau, Silesia). He was presented for baptism on 13 January 1748 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt on behalf of the King Frederick the Great by the Duke of Holstein and Governor of Berlin Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Messeigneurs Prince Henry of Prussia and Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia, the King's brothers, the Reigning Prince Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, the General Field Marshal Count Kurt Christoph von Schwerin, Infantry Major General Baron Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, and Burgrave and Count Christoph II., von Dohna-Schlodien, collectively his Godfathers. The Godmothers were Princess Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, wife of Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Marie Johanna von Riffer, aka the Countess von Schmettau, wife of General Field Marshal Samuel von Schmettau, Countess Maria Anna Finck von Finckenstein, wife Minister of State (German: Staatsminister, French: Ministre d'État) , Countess Sophia Henrietta von der Schulenburg wife of Count , and Mademoiselle Auguste-Marie-Bernardine von Tettau, First Dame d'atour to Queen Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern and daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Karl von Tettau.^[64]
17. Albertine Wilhelmine von Forcade de Biaix (* between September 1748 and June 1749, presumably Berlin; † 12 August 1777, Heiligengrabe-Techow, Prignitz, Brandenburg), secular Canoness of the Convent of the Holy Sepulcher in Heiligengrabe, ∞ 12 April 1776 in Heiligengrabe-Techow with Pastor Gottlieb Joachim Hindenberg (* about 1736, Haselberg, Wriezen, Märkisch-Oderland; † 6 September 1803, Heiligengrabe-Techow)^[65]
18. Leonore Wilhelmine Albertine Susanne von Forcade de Biaix (* 9 August 1750, Berlin). She was baptized on 30 August 1750 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt. Her Godparents were the Count von Besse, General Field Marshal Alexander Hermann Count von Wartensleben, Baron Johann Georg von Reisewitz, Squire (French: Écuyer, German: Stallmeister)^[66] to Prince Henry of Prussia, the Queen Mother's Lord Marshall (German: Oberhofmarschall French: Grand-Maréchal), Baron Ernst Maximilian von Reist Sweerts (sometimes von Sverts and von Schwertz), Director of the Berlin Opera, Countess Eleonora Lucia von Ilten, widow of , Grand Huntsman (German: Oberjägermeister French: Grand veneur), Charlotte Wilhelmine von Grävenitz, widow of Major General , the widow of Baron von Klessing, and Countess , widow of Baron Dietrich Cesarion von Keyserlingk and formerly Lady-in-Waiting (German: Ehrendame, French: Dame d'honneur) to Queen Elisabeth Christine. She may have married a von Woldeck. Historical literature published in 1799 about the Huguenot community in Prussia make specific reference to such a marriage, but without precision as to whether it was a daughter or a sister of Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix.^[67]
19. Wilhelmine Friederike von Forcade de Biaix (* 18 March 1753, Berlin; † 26 March 1759, Berlin). She was presented for baptism on 13 January 1748 at the French Temple in Berlin-Friedrichstadt by Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Kassel, wife of Prince Henry of Prussia, Prince Frederick of Prussia, the Count de Bredow, Lord Steward of the King's Wardrobe (French: Grand-maître de la garde-robe du roi), Baron , Lord Steward of the Household (German: Oberhofmeister, French: Grand-maître) of Queen Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Crown Princess of Prussia, Lieutenant Colonel von Königsmark, the Countess von Schwerin, Governess to Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia, Countess Charlotte Sophie von Aldenburg, aka the Countess von Bentinck, Countess von Bess, and Countess Sophie Henriette Susanne Finck von Finckenstein, from the house of Gilgenburg, wife of Count Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein, collectively her Godparents.

Children of Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix who survived into adulthood, with their respective spouses.

Other Family[]

• Brother: Friedrich Wilhelm von Forcade de Biaix, King Frederick I of Prussia's Godson,^[68] (* 10 February 1698,^[68] Berlin; † 11 June 1735, Berlin).^[69]
• First cousin: Isaac Quirin von Forcade de Biaix (ca. 1702–1775), Royal Prussian Lieutenant Colonel, Hofmarschall with the , recipient of the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite.
• Sister: Sophie Philippine von Forcade de Biaix, aka Philippina Sophia de Forcade^[70] aka Sophie Philippine von Forcade^[71] (* about 1704), married on 28 June 1729^[72] in Berlin with Paul Albret Theuenin des Glereaux, aka Paul Albrecht de Glereau,^[72][70] (* 19 October 1688, Königsberg, East Prussia; † before 1739), a Captain in the , aka the von Sidow Regiment. On 12 June 1739^[70] in Königsberg, East Prussia, as a widow, she remarried with ^[73] (1704-1775), President of the Pomeranian War and Domain Chamber ("Pomeranian Kriegs- und Domänenkammer"^[73] aka "Kammer- und Kommerz Collegii") in Stettin, responsible for the financial and fiscal administration of Pomerania.
• Other sisters: Louise Madeleine von Forcade de Biaix^[74] and Charlotte Louise von Forcade de Biaix.^[75] One of these may have married a von Woldeck. Historical literature published in 1799 about the Huguenot community in Prussia make specific reference to such a marriage, but without precision as to whether it was a daughter or a sister of Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix.^[67]

Titles and Offices[]

Historical terms, in particular those related to offices, titles and awards, are often outdated in their usage to the point that modern dictionaries no longer contain them. To understand their meaning in the present day context it is necessary to look into dictionaries from the period. Historical terms in German used in the production of this article, and their English definitions, include:

Regimentschef[]

The appointment to Regimentschef, a Regimental Commander in the Prussian Army, was usually for life. For this reason, most regiments were known and referred to by the name of their Chef, the commander, for example Forcade's Regiment instead of the .

Note: In a similar tradition, a Schwadronschef aka Rittmeister was a Squadron Commander (of horse-mounted troops), usually for life, or until retirement or discharge for disability. The terms Schwadronschef and Rittmeister are synonymous and are often used interchangeably in the 18th century.

Amtmannschaft von Zinna[]

the Office of Lord Seneschal of Zinna

• Amtmannschaft (die): synonym with "Drostei"; the Seneschal's Lordship, Dignity, Power or Jurisdiction, the Bailiwick See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 102 (in German and English)

Amtshauptmann von Zinna[]

Lord Seneschal of Zinna

• Amtshauptmann (der): the Lord Seneschal, a Lord High-Constable, an Upper Bailiff. See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 102 (in German and English)

Domherr von Havelberg[]

Canon of Havelberg

• Domherr (der): Latin "Canicius"; a Canon, a Prebendary, a Canonist See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 602 (in German and English)

Domherstelle zu Havelberg[]

the Canonship of Havelberg

• Domherrstelle (die): a Canonship, the Place of a Canon in a Cathedral or Collegiate Church See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 602 (in German and English)

Drost zu Neuenrade[]

Castellan of Neuenrade

• Drost (der): synonym with "Landdrost", "Landshauptmann" and "Landsvogt"; a Lord Seneschal, a governor of a certain part of a country, an Upper Bailiff, a Castellan See: Ebers, Johann, The New And Complete Dictionary Of The German And English Languages: composed chiefly after the German Dictionaries of Mr. Adelung and of Mr. Schwan / 1: ... Containing the Letters A - G of the German Alphabet explained in English, Leipzig 1796, Page 618 (in German and English)

President of the Ober-Collegium Sanitatis[]

In accordance with the Medical Edict of 12 November 1685 a central national "Collegium Medicum" was created in Berlin to supervise the medical professions. In 1719, the "Collegium Sanitatis" was founded, in large part due to the impact of the Plague of 1709-11. Its mission was paramedical policing, in particular sanitation policing in the community, and disease control. The two were later merged into the "Ober-Collegium Sanitatis".

Notes[]

References[]

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• Universitätsbibliothek Trier, Digitale Ausgabe der: Œuvres de Frédéric le Grand - Werke Friedrichs des Großen, Search results: "'Forcade'" (in French & German)
• Verlag Buschak & Irrgang, ed. (1877). "von Forcade (de Biaix)". Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Ritter- u. Adels-Geschlechter [Genealogical Handbook of Knight & Noble Surnames] (application/PDF) (in German) (2. Jahrgang ed.). Brno (Brünn): Verlag Buschak & Irrgang. Retrieved 14 May 2017 – via Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Universitäts- und Landesbibliotek.
• Winter, Georg: Die kriegsgeschichtliche Überlieferung über Friedrich den Grossen kritisch geprüft an dem Beispiel der Kapitulation von Maxen, 1888, Page 155. (in German)
• Zedlitz-Neukirch, Leopold von: Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und diplomatische Nachrichten von den in der preussischen Monarchie ansässigen oder zu derselben in Beziehung stehenden fürstlichen, gräflichen, freiherrlichen und adeligen Häusern mit der Angabe ihrer Abstammung, ihres Besitzthums, ihres Wappens und der aus ihnen hervorgegangenen Civil- und Militärpersonen, Helden, Gelehrten und Künstler: E - H, Band 2, 1836, Pages 179-180. (in German)
• Zedlitz-Neukirch, Leopold von: Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und diplomatische Nachrichten von den in der preussischen Monarchie ansässigen oder zu derselben in Beziehung stehenden fürstlichen, gräflichen, freiherrlichen und adeligen Häusern mit der Angabe ihrer Abstammung, ihres Besitzthums, ihres Wappens und der aus ihnen hervorgegangenen Civil- und Militärpersonen, Helden, Gelehrten und Künstler: P - Z, Band 4, 1837, Pages 390-392. (in German)
• Zedlitz-Neukirch, Leopold von: Neues preußisches Adelslexicon oder genealogische und diplomatische Nachrichten von den in der preussischen Monarchie ansässigen oder zu derselben in Beziehung stehenden fürstlichen, gräflichen, freiherrlichen und adeligen Häusern mit der Angabe ihrer Abstammung, ihres Besitzthums, ihres Wappens und der aus ihnen hervorgegangenen Civil- und Militärpersonen, Helden, Gelehrten und Künstler: Supplement, Band 5, 1839, Pages 243-245. (in German)

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