Greater Cleveland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Greater Cleveland

Cleveland–Elyria Metropolitan Statistical Area
Metropolitan area
Moon over Cleveland (33388400986).jpg
Cleveland-Akron-Canton, Ohio CSA Based on 2013 U.S. Census Definitions
Cleveland-Akron-Canton, Ohio CSA Based on 2013 U.S. Census Definitions
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StatesFlag of Ohio.svg Ohio
Largest cityCleveland
Other cities in MSA
hide
List
  • Parma
  • Lorain
  • Elyria
  • Lakewood
  • Euclid
  • Mentor
  • Cleveland Heights
Population
 (2016)
 • Urban
1,780,673 (25th)
 • MSA
2,058,844 (33rd)
 • CSA
3,515,646 (15th)
Time zoneUTC−5 (ET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Area code(s)216, 330, 440, 234

The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland in Northeast Ohio, United States. According to the 2020 United States Census results, the five-county Cleveland–Elyria Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cuyahoga County, Geauga County, Lake County, Lorain County, and Medina County, and has a population of 2,088,251,[1] making Greater Cleveland the 34th most populous metropolitan area in the United States, and the third largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The city of Cleveland is also part of the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area with a population of 3.5 million people.

Northeast Ohio refers to a similar but substantially larger region that also includes areas not part of Greater Cleveland. This article covers the area considered to be Greater Cleveland, but includes some information generally applicable to the larger region, which is itself part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.

Changes in house prices for Greater Cleveland are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 20-city composite index of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market.

Northeast Ohio[]

Northeast Ohio consists of 16 counties (Ashland, Ashtabula, Carroll, Columbiana, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Mahoning, Medina, Portage, Richland, Stark, Summit, Trumbull and Wayne counties)[2] and includes the cities of Akron, Ashland, Ashtabula, Brunswick, Canton, Cleveland, Elyria, Lorain, Mansfield, Medina, Wadsworth, Wooster, Warren, and Youngstown. Northeast Ohio is home to approximately 4 million people, has a labor force of almost 2 million, and a gross regional product of nearly $170 billion.[3] Other counties are sometimes considered to be in Northeast Ohio. These include Erie, Holmes, Huron and Tuscarawas counties, and their inclusion makes the total population of the entire northeastern section of Ohio well over 4.5 million people.[4]

Cities, townships, and villages[]

Cuyahoga County[]

  • Bay Village
  • Beachwood
  • Bedford
  • Bedford Heights
  • Bentleyville
  • Berea
  • Bratenahl
  • Brecksville
  • Broadview Heights
  • Brook Park
  • Brooklyn
  • Brooklyn Heights
  • Chagrin Falls
  • Chagrin Falls Township
  • Cleveland
  • Cleveland Heights
  • Cuyahoga Heights
  • East Cleveland
  • Euclid
  • Fairview Park
  • Garfield Heights
  • Gates Mills
  • Glenwillow
  • Highland Heights
  • Highland Hills
  • Hunting Valley
  • Independence
  • Lakewood
  • Linndale
  • Lyndhurst
  • Maple Heights
  • Mayfield Heights
  • Mayfield Village
  • Middleburg Heights
  • Moreland Hills
  • Newburgh Heights
  • North Olmsted
  • North Randall
  • North Royalton
  • Oakwood Village
  • Olmsted Falls
  • Olmsted Township
  • Orange
  • Parma
  • Parma Heights
  • Pepper Pike
  • Richmond Heights
  • Rocky River
  • Seven Hills
  • Shaker Heights
  • Solon
  • South Euclid
  • Strongsville
  • University Heights
  • Valley View
  • Walton Hills
  • Warrensville Heights
  • Westlake
  • Woodmere

Geauga County[]

  • Aquilla
  • Auburn Township
  • Bainbridge Township
  • Burton
  • Burton Township
  • Chardon
  • Chardon Township
  • Chester
  • Chesterland
  • Claridon Township
  • Hambden Township
  • Hunting Valley (part)
  • Huntsburg Township
  • Middlefield
  • Middlefield Township
  • Montville Township
  • Munson Township
  • Newbury Township
  • Parkman Township
  • Russell Township
  • South Russell
  • Thompson Township
  • Troy Township

Lake County[]

  • Concord Township
  • Eastlake
  • Fairport Harbor
  • Grand River
  • Kirtland
  • Kirtland Hills
  • Lakeline
  • LeRoy Township
  • Madison
  • Madison Township
  • Mentor
  • Mentor-on-the-Lake
  • North Madison
  • North Perry
  • Painesville
  • Painesville Township
  • Perry
  • Perry Township
  • Timberlake
  • Waite Hill
  • Wickliffe
  • Willoughby
  • Willoughby Hills
  • Willowick

Lorain County[]

Medina County[]

Cities by population[]

These, in decreasing order of population, are the eight largest cities in Greater Cleveland of (2010):

City 2010
population[4][5]
Cleveland 396,815
Parma 81,601
Lorain 64,097
Elyria 54,533
Lakewood 52,131
Euclid 48,920
Mentor 47,159
Cleveland Heights 46,121

Demographics[]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1850 131,107—    
1860 161,687+23.3%
1870 212,535+31.4%
1880 284,499+33.9%
1890 403,731+41.9%
1900 552,359+36.8%
1910 774,657+40.2%
1920 1,103,877+42.5%
1930 1,397,426+26.6%
1940 1,432,124+2.5%
1950 1,680,736+17.4%
1960 2,126,983+26.6%
1970 2,321,037+9.1%
1980 2,173,734−6.3%
1990 2,102,248−3.3%
2000 2,148,143+2.2%
2010 2,077,240−3.3%
2019* 2,048,449−1.4%
* = Population estimate.
Source: U.S. Decennial Census

According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 2.077 million in the five-county MSA of the Greater Cleveland Area, making it the second largest metropolitan-statistical area entirely within the state of Ohio.[6] Approximately 48.1% of the population was male and 51.9% were female. In 2010 the racial makeup of the five-county Area was 71.7% (1,490,074) Non-Hispanic Whites, 19.7% (409,582) Blacks or African Americans, 0.2% (4,056) American Indians and Alaskan Natives, 2.0% (40,522) Asian (0.7% Asian Indian 0.5% Chinese 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Vietnamese, 0.1% Japanese, 0.0% (398) Pacific Islander, 1.7% (35,224) from other races, and 2.0% (42,130) from two or more races. 4.7% (98,133) of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race (2.8% Puerto Rican, 1.0% Mexican, 0.1% Dominican, and 0.1% Cuban).[7]

NASA satellite photograph of Cleveland at night

The median income for a household in Greater Cleveland was $46,231 and the median income for a family, $59,611. The per capita income was $25,668. Persons living below the poverty line was 15.1%.[8] According to a study by Capgemini and the World Wealth Report by Merrill Lynch, the Cleveland area has nearly 54,000 millionaire households, and is expected to continue to grow at 17% over the next five years.[9][10]

The Greater Cleveland area is the most diverse region in the state of Ohio and is becoming increasingly more diverse with new waves of immigration.[11][12] As of 2010, both the Hispanic and Asian population in the Cleveland-Akron-Ashtabula area grew by almost 40%, Hispanics now number at 112,307 (up from 80,738 in 2000).[13] The Asian population alone accounts for 55,087 (up from 39,586 in 2000) but people who cite Asian and other ethnicities enumerate 67,231. The Chinese Americans are the oldest Asian group residing in Northeast Ohio, most visible in Cleveland's Asiatown. Nevertheless, the area is also home to hundreds of Thais, Taiwanese, Pakistanis, Laotians, Cambodians, and Burmese peoples as well.

The Cleveland area has a substantial African American population with origins in the First and Second Great Migrations.[14] It also boasts some of the nation's largest Irish, Italian (numbering over 205,000), Slavic, and Hungarian populations. At one time, the Hungarian population of Cleveland proper was so great that the city boasted of having the highest concentration of Hungarians in the world outside of Budapest.[15] Today, the Greater Cleveland area is home to the largest Slovak, Slovene, and Hungarian communities in the world, outside of Slovakia, Slovenia, and Hungary respectively.[16] The Slavic population of the Cleveland-Akron area comprises 17.2%, far higher than the nation's rate of 6%. There are 171,000 Poles, 38,000 Slovaks, 66,000 Slovenes, 38,000 Czechs, 31,000 Russians, and 23,000 Ukrainians in Greater Cleveland. Slavic Village and Tremont historically had some of the largest concentrations of Eastern Europeans within Cleveland proper. Today, both neighborhoods continue to be home to many Slavic Ohioans. In addition, Slovenia maintains a Consulate-General in Downtown Cleveland.[17] The city of Cleveland has also received visits from the Presidents of Hungary and Poland.[18]

Greater Cleveland is home to a sizable Jewish community. According to the North American Jewish Data Bank, the community comprises an estimated 86,600 people or 3.0% as of 2011, above the nation's 1.7%, and up from 81,500 in 1996.[19] The highest proportion is in Cuyahoga County at 5.5% (of the county's total population). Today, 23% of Greater Cleveland's Jewish population is under the age of 17, and 27% reside in the Heights area (Cleveland Heights, Shaker Heights, and University Heights). In 2010 nearly 2,600 people spoke Hebrew and 1,100 Yiddish.[20][21][22]

Ancestry[]

The top largest ancestries in the Greater Cleveland MSA, were the following:[23][24]

  • German: 20.4%
  • Slavic: 18.9% (8.2% Polish, 3.2% Slovak, 1.8% Slovene, 1.5% Czech, 1.5% Russian, 1.1% Ukrainian, 1.0% Croatian, 0.4% Serbian, Rusyn, Yugoslav)
  • Irish: 14.5%
  • British: 11.3% (8.0% English, 1.8% Scottish, 0.8% Scot-Irish, 0.7% Welsh)
  • Italian: 9.9%
  • Hungarian: 3.7%
  • Puerto Rican: 2.8%
  • French and French Canadian: 1.9%
  • Scandinavian: 1.2% (0.7% Swedish, 0.3% Norwegian, and Danish)
  • Arab: 1.0%

Place of birth[]

Approximately 94.1% of the metropolitan area's population was native to the United States. Approximately 92.8% were born in the U.S. while 1.3% were born in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, or born abroad to American parents. The rest of the population (5.9%) were foreign-born. The highest percentages of immigrants came from Europe (46.2%), Asia (32.7%), Latin America (14.3%); smaller percentages of newcomers came from Africa (3.6%), other parts of North America (3.0%), and Oceania (0.3%).[23]

According to the American Community Survey 2006-2010, the number of Greater Cleveland area residents born overseas was 119,136 and the leading countries of origin were India (10,067), China (7,756), Mexico (6,051), Ukraine (7,211), Germany (5,742), Italy (4,114), Canada (4,102), United Kingdom (4,048), Romania (3,947), Poland (3,834), Russia (3,826), and Yugoslavia (3,820).[25]

Language spoken at home[]

English is by far the most commonly spoken language at home by residents in the Cleveland-Akron-Elyria area; approximately 91.2% of the population over the age of five spoke only English at home. Spanish speakers made up 2.8% of the population; speakers of Asian languages made up 1.1% of the population; speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9% of the population. Individuals who spoke languages other than the ones above represented the remaining 1.0% of the populace. As of 2011, individually in addition to English, 2.7% spoke Spanish, 0.6% German, 0.5% Arabic, and 0.5% Chinese. 1.4% also spoke a Slavic language.[26] In 2007, Cleveland area was home to the nation's 3rd highest proportion of Hungarian speakers.[27]

County 2018 Estimate 2010 Census Change Area Density
Cuyahoga County 1,243,857 1,280,122 −2.83% 457.19 sq mi (1,184.1 km2) 2,721/sq mi (1,050/km2)
Geauga County 94,031 93,389 +0.69% 400.16 sq mi (1,036.4 km2) 235/sq mi (91/km2)
Lake County 230,514 230,041 +0.21% 227.49 sq mi (589.2 km2) 1,013/sq mi (391/km2)
Lorain County 309,461 301,356 +2.69% 491.10 sq mi (1,271.9 km2) 630/sq mi (243/km2)
Medina County 179,146 172,332 +3.95% 421.36 sq mi (1,091.3 km2) 425/sq mi (164/km2)
Total 2,057,009 2,077,240 −0.97% 2,045.81 sq mi (5,298.6 km2) 1,005/sq mi (388/km2)

Area codes[]

In the 1950s, AT&T assigned Greater Cleveland Area code 216, which included all of Northeast Ohio. In 1996, Area code 216 was reduced in size to cover the northern half of its prior area, centering on Cleveland and its lake shore suburbs. Area code 330 was introduced for the southern half of Greater Cleveland, including Medina County. The western half of the region, including Ashland and Richland counties, and parts of Huron, Wayne, and Erie counties, are assigned area codes 419 and 567.

In 1997, area code 216 was further split as the need for additional phone numbers grew. Area code 216 was reduced in geographical area to cover the city of Cleveland and its inner ring suburbs. Area code 440 was introduced to cover the remainder of was what previously area code 216, including all of Lorain, Geauga, and Lake counties, and parts of Cuyahoga County. Some communities, such as Parma, and Parma Heights were divided between the 216 and 440 area codes. In 1999, Congressman Dennis Kucinich introduced federal legislation to protect small and medium-sized cities from being split into two or more area codes.[28][29]

In 2000, it was anticipated that the available phone numbers in area code 330 would be exhausted, and an overlay area code was introduced. Area code 234 was assigned to overlap existing area code 330. With the creation of area code 234, any new phone number in the geographical area formerly covered by area code 330 could be assigned a phone number in either the 234 or 330 area codes, with no change in local or long distance toll status. This made necessary the use of ten-digit dialing within the 330/234 area code region. After the introduction of area code 234, assignments of new telephone numbers in the area did not continue at an accelerated pace, and new phone numbers for area code 234 were not assigned until 2003.[30]

Economy[]

Commerce by Daniel Chester French at the Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse on Superior Avenue, Cleveland

In 2011 the Greater Cleveland area had a GDP of $134.4 billion (up from $130.7 billion in 2008), which would rank 57th among countries. Cleveland also has the twelfth highest merchandise value at $109.2 billion.[3]

Business and industry[]

More than 37% of Fortune 500 companies are present in Northeast Ohio, through corporate headquarters, major divisions, subsidiaries, and sales offices. In addition, more than 150 international companies have a presence there. As of 2006, Northeast Ohio serves as the corporate headquarters of 22 Fortune 1000 firms (shown with 2017 rankings below):

  • (#86) Progressive Insurance (Mayfield Village, insurance)
  • (#180) Sherwin-Williams (Cleveland, paint)
  • (#216) Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Akron, rubber)
  • (#224) Parker-Hannifin (Cleveland, industrial manufacturer)
  • (#294) FirstEnergy (Akron, utilities)
  • (#407) J.M. Smucker Company (Orrville, food consumer products)
  • (#411) KeyCorp (Cleveland, banking)
  • (#467) Cliffs Natural Resources (Cleveland, iron ore mining)/AK Steel Holdings/Mittal
  • (#480) Travel Centers of America (Westlake, specialty retail)
  • (#508) RPM International (Medina, chemicals)
  • (#513) TransDigm Group (Cleveland, aerospace and defense)
  • (#529) Big Lots
  • (#607) Diebold (North Canton, electronics)
  • (#724) PolyOne Corporation (Avon Lake, chemicals)
  • (#762) Medical Mutual of Ohio (Cleveland, health insurance)
  • (#781) The Timken Company (North Canton, specialty steel)
  • (#782) Aleris International, Inc. (Cleveland, metals)
  • (#783) Lincoln Electric (Cleveland, arc welding equipment)
  • (#792) Hyster-Yale Materials Handling (Cleveland, industrial machinery)
  • (#806) Applied Industrial Technologies (Cleveland, bearings)
  • (#811) A. Schulman (Fairlawn, chemicals)
  • (#965) American Greetings (Cleveland, greeting cards)
  • (#996) Nordson (Westlake, industrial machinery)

Other large employers include:

  • (Mayfield Heights, electronics)
  • Babcock & Wilcox (Barberton, engineering)
  • (Youngstown, mall management and properties)
  • Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, health care)
  • (Boardman Township, Youngstown, mall management and properties)
  • Eaton Corporation (North American HQ - Beachwood, electrical parts manufacturing)
  • Aluminum Production (Youngstown, metals)
  • Ferro Corporation (Cleveland, advanced material manufacturing)
  • Forest City Enterprises (Cleveland, real estate development)
  • Gojo (Akron, chemicals)
  • (Youngstown, banking)
  • IMG (Cleveland, sports marketing and management)
  • Invacare (Elyria, medical products and equipment)
  • Jo Ann Stores (Hudson, specialty retailer)
  • Jones Day (Cleveland, legal services)
  • Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe, lubricants and chemicals)
  • Mayfran International (Cleveland, conveyors)
  • Nacco Industries (Cleveland, industrial equipment)
  • Nestlé USA (Solon, food processing)
  • Roadway Express (Akron, logistics)
  • Rockwell Automation (Mayfield Heights, industrial controls)
  • SITE Centers (Beachwood, real estate development)
  • Summa Health System (Akron, health care)
  • University Hospitals of Cleveland (Cleveland, health care)

Small businesses and startups[]

The Council of Smaller Enterprises coordinates and advocates for small businesses in the region.[31][32] Many of the area's sustainability-oriented companies are tied into the network Entrepreneurs for Sustainability.[33][34]

Colleges and universities[]

Greater Cleveland is home to a number of higher education institutions, including:

  • Baldwin Wallace University (Berea)
  • Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland)
  • Cleveland Institute of Art (Cleveland)
  • Cleveland Institute of Music (Cleveland)
  • Cleveland State University (Cleveland)
  • Cuyahoga Community College (Cleveland, Highland Hills, and Parma)
  • DeVry University (Seven Hills)
  • John Carroll University (University Heights)
  • Kent State University at Geauga (Burton)
  • Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine (Independence)
  • Lake Erie College (Painesville)
  • Lakeland Community College (Kirtland)
  • Lorain County Community College (Elyria)
  • Notre Dame College (South Euclid)
  • Oberlin College (Oberlin)
  • South University (Warrensville Heights, Ohio)
  • Stautzenberger College (Brecksville)
  • Ursuline College (Pepper Pike)

Transportation[]

Airports[]

Greater Cleveland is served by international, regional and county airports, including:

  • Burke Lakefront Airport (Cleveland)
  • (Concord Township)
  • Cuyahoga County Airport
  • Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (Cleveland)
  • Lorain County Regional Airport (Russia Township)
  • Willoughby Lost Nation Municipal Airport (Willoughby)

Highways[]

The Greater Cleveland highway network

Highway notes[]

  • I-271 and I-480 are the only two three-digit interstates in the nation to be concurrent, near Bedford Heights in Cuyahoga County.

Public transit[]

The Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority operates a bus system and heavy and light rail in Cuyahoga County. Other transit agencies serve the surrounding counties and provide connections with RTA, including Laketran in Lake County, and Lorain County Transit in Lorain County. Cleveland's RTA Red Line which started in 1955, is the eighth oldest heavy rail rapid transit in the Country In 2007, RTA was named the best public transit system in North America by the American Public Transportation Association, for "demonstrating achievement in efficiency and effectiveness."[35]

Culture[]

Theater[]

Playhouse Square, Cleveland

Playhouse Square Center is the epicenter of the Cleveland Theater District and the second largest theater district in the United States.[36]

Playhouse Square Theaters[]

In addition, Greater Cleveland has additional theaters throughout the region.

Theaters[]

Theatrical companies[]

Music[]

Cleveland is home to the Cleveland Orchestra, widely considered one of the finest orchestras in the world, and often referred to as the finest in the United States.[59] It is one of the "Big Five" major orchestras in the United States. The Orchestra plays at Severance Hall in University Circle during the winter and at Blossom Music Center in Cuyahoga Falls during the summer.[60] The city is also home to the Cleveland Pops Orchestra.

Art[]

There are two main art museums in Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art is a major American art museum,[61] with a collection that includes more than 40,000 works of art ranging over 6,000 years, from ancient masterpieces to contemporary pieces. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland showcases established and emerging artists, particularly from the Cleveland area, through hosting and producing temporary exhibitions.[62]

Sports and recreation[]

Progressive Field, home of the Cleveland Indians

Cleveland's professional sports teams include the Cleveland Indians (Major League Baseball), Cleveland Browns (National Football League), and Cleveland Cavaliers (National Basketball Association). The Lake County Captains, a Single-A minor league affiliate of the Cleveland Indians, play in Eastlake at Classic Park. Additionally, the Lake Erie Crushers of the Frontier League play at Sprenger Stadium in Avon.

Minor league hockey is represented in the area by the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. They began play in the 2007–08 AHL season at the Quicken Loans Arena. The team is the top minor league affiliate of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League.

The Cleveland Metroparks are a system of nature preserves that encircle the city, and the Cuyahoga Valley National Park encompasses the Cuyahoga River valley between Cleveland and Akron. The region is home to Mentor Headlands Beach, the longest natural beach on the Great Lakes.

Notable natives[]

  • Avant
  • Albert Ayler
  • Jim Backus
  • Kaye Ballard
  • LeCharles Bentley
  • Halle Berry
  • Chris Butler
  • Eric Carmen
  • Drew Carey
  • Mary Carey
  • Ray Cash
  • Drew Carter
  • Machine Gun Kelly
  • Gerald Casale
  • Chris Chambers
  • Tracy Chapman
  • Cheetah Chrome
  • Tim Conway
  • Jacob Cramer
  • Wes Craven
  • Kid Cudi
  • Dorothy Dandridge
  • Cheri Dennis
  • Ruby Dee
  • Donald DeFreeze
  • Phil Donahue
  • Stephen R. Donaldson
  • Harlan Ellison
  • Lee Evans
  • James A. Garfield
  • Sonny Geraci
  • Donald A. Glaser
  • Ted Ginn Jr.
  • Bob Golic
  • Mike Golic
  • Anthony Gonzalez
  • Jim Graner
  • Joel Grey
  • Arsenio Hall
  • Roy Hall
  • Margaret Hamilton
  • Steve Harvey
  • Patricia Heaton
  • Anne Heche
  • Mike Hegan
  • John W. Heisman
  • Kim Herring
  • Hal Holbrook
  • Bob Hope
  • Langston Hughes
  • Chrissie Hynde
  • LeBron James
  • Philip Johnson
  • Joe Jurevicius
  • Sammy Kaye
  • Don King
  • Bobby Knight
  • Heather Kozar
  • Dennis Kucinich
  • Dante Lavelli
  • Mike Lebowitz
  • Gerald Levert
  • D. A. Levy
  • Bob Lewis
  • Peter B. Lewis
  • Jim Lovell
  • Henry Mancini
  • Scott Mescudi
  • Howard Metzenbaum
  • O.J. McDuffie
  • Burgess Meredith
  • Toni Morrison
  • Bob Mothersbaugh
  • Mark Mothersbaugh
  • Paul Newman
  • Urban Meyer
  • Chuck Noll
  • Andre Norton
  • Charles Oakley
  • Jesse Owens
  • Harvey Pekar
  • Scott Raab
  • Dave Ragone
  • John D. Rockefeller
  • Michael Ruhlman
  • Screamin' Jay Hawkins
  • Molly Shannon
  • Sam Sheppard
  • Don Shula
  • Jerry Siegel
  • Robert Smith
  • Troy Smith
  • Ruth Simpson
  • Steve Stone
  • George Steinbrenner
  • Carl B. Stokes
  • Michael Symon
  • David Thomas
  • Jim Tressel
  • George Voinovich
  • David Wain
  • Carl E. Walz
  • Lew Wasserman
  • Debra Winger
  • Archibald Willard
  • Fred Willard
  • Frank Yankovic
  • Roger Zelazny
  • Stephen Curry

See also[]

  • Connecticut Western Reserve
  • Great Lakes Megalopolis
  • Great lakes region
  • Rust Belt
  • List of references to Cleveland in popular culture
  • List of United States combined statistical areas
  • List of United States metropolitan statistical areas by population

References[]

  1. ^ https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/clevelandcityohio
  2. ^ Cleveland Plus: Northeast Ohio Counties Archived 2010-09-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-13. Retrieved 2012-08-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Ohio QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
  5. ^ A Founder of Cleveland+. "About Northeast Ohio - Cleveland Plus Region - Greater Cleveland Partnership". Gcpartnership.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-10. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
  6. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  7. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Retrieved 7 May 2016.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  9. ^ "CrainsCleveland.com : Subscription Center". Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  10. ^ "S.F. competes with Detroit, Pittsburgh and Cleveland in expected growth of millionaires - San Francisco Business Times". Archived from the original on 2013-09-21.
  11. ^ "Northeast Ohio suburbs lead state in ethnic diversity, census numbers show". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  12. ^ Exner, Rich (April 2, 2018). "Among counties, Cuyahoga near top in Midwest for attracting immigrants". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  13. ^ "Asians, Hispanics populate latest wave of Northeast Ohio's newcomers". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  14. ^ "African Americans". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  15. ^ "Hungarians". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  16. ^ http://portal.cleveland-oh.gov/portal/page/portal/CityofCleveland/Home/Government/MayorsOffice/Office_of_Government_Affairs/SisterCities#bratislava Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "Consulate general of the Republic of Slovenia in Cleveland, USA". Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  18. ^ "Cleveland's Slavic Village welcomes the president of Poland today: Global Village". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  19. ^ "Jewish Maps of the United States by Counties, 2011". Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  20. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  21. ^ "Many Languages, One America". Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  22. ^ "Jewish Cities". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  24. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  25. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on 2020-02-12.
  26. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results". Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  27. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2017-09-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^ "Congressman Dennis Kucinich". Kucinich.house.gov. Archived from the original on 2010-07-07. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  29. ^ "Bill Summary & Status - 106th Congress (1999 - 2000) - H.R.2439 - THOMAS (Library of Congress)". Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  30. ^ Lin-Fisher, Betty (October 31, 2003). "CALL FOR MORE TELEPHONE NUMBERS ANSWERED - 234 AREA CODE CONNECTED MOST PEOPLE ARE STILL BEING ASSIGNED 330 NUMBERS". Akron Beacon Journal. Knight Ridder. p. D1.
  31. ^ Colleen Mulcahy, "Benefits administrator blasts health mandates. (John Polk)", National Underwriter Property & Casualty-Risk & Benefits Management, Oct. 14, 1991.[dead link]
  32. ^ Shannon Mortland, "COSE to help push ideas for reforming health care.(Health Care)(Council of Smaller Enterprises)(Brief Article)", Crain's Cleveland Business, Aug. 8, 2005.
  33. ^ "GROWING GREENER GOOD FOR BUSINESS GROUP HOPING TO FIND NEW WAYS TO TURN WASTE MATERIAL INTO PROFIT", Akron Beacon Journal (OH), May 5, 2008.
  34. ^ "Making Change: Sustainable Businesses", 90.3 WCPN ideastream, Wednesday, May 28, 2003. Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (October 1, 2007). Greater Cleveland: Best Location for Public Transportation in the Nation Archived 2008-08-01 at the Wayback Machine. Press release. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.
  36. ^ PlayhouseSquare. "About Playhouse Square". Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  37. ^ "Beck Center for the Arts". Lkwdpl.org. 2010-01-03. Archived from the original on 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  38. ^ "Something Dada Improvisational Comedy". Cabaretdada.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  39. ^ [1] Archived March 11, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ "Cleveland Play House". Cleveland Play House. Archived from the original on 2010-07-23. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  41. ^ Pavlish Group: Jason Maxwell / Don Pavlish. "Cleveland Public Theatre ~ Home". Cptonline.org. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  42. ^ "Dobama Theatre - Cleveland's Contemporary Stage". Dobama.org. 2010-06-05. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  43. ^ [2] Archived March 8, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ "Bay Village, Ohio". Huntington Playhouse. 2010-07-14. Archived from the original on 2010-03-22. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  45. ^ "Karamu House". Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  46. ^ "Near West Theatre". Near West Theatre. Archived from the original on 2010-07-15. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  47. ^ Rick Evans. "Olde Towne Hall Theatre". Olde Towne Hall Theatre. Archived from the original on 2010-04-27. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  48. ^ "Bodwin Theatre Company". Bodwin_theatre.tripod.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  49. ^ "Charenton Theater Company". Charenton.org. Archived from the original on 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  50. ^ "Cleveland Shakespeare Festival". Cleveshakes.org. Archived from the original on 2010-03-18. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  51. ^ "Convergence Continuum". Convergence Continuum. Archived from the original on 2010-07-26. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  52. ^ "Fairmount Center for the Arts". Fairmountcenter.org. Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  53. ^ "INDEX". Fourthwallproductions.com. Archived from the original on 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  54. ^ "Great Lakes Theater Festival". Greatlakestheater.org. Archived from the original on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  55. ^ [3][dead link]
  56. ^ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". 2005-12-11. Archived from the original on 2005-12-11. Retrieved 2012-11-08. Cite uses generic title (help)
  57. ^ "The Public Squares". The Public Squares. Archived from the original on 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  58. ^ [4] Archived August 1, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ Walsh, Michael. "The Finest Orchestra? (Surprise!) Cleveland". Archived 2005-10-31 at the Wayback Machine Time. (1994-01-10) Retrieved on 2007-08-01.
  60. ^ A Brief History of the Cleveland Orchestra. Archived 2009-03-24 at the Wayback Machine Cleveland Orchestra. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  61. ^ Cleveland Museum of Art. Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. 1997-06-14. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  62. ^ Who We Are Archived 2007-09-13 at the Wayback Machine. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""