Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics
1st Ice Hockey World Championships | |
---|---|
Tournament details | |
Host country | Belgium |
Dates | April 23–29, 1920 |
Tournament format | Bergvall System |
Teams | 7 |
Arena(s) | Palais de Glace d'Anvers (in Antwerp) |
Final positions | |
Champions | Canada Winnipeg Falcons (1st title) |
Runner-up | United States |
Third place | Czechoslovakia |
Fourth place | Sweden |
Tournament statistics | |
Matches played | 10 |
Goals scored | 99 (9.9 per match) |
Attendance | 6,946 (695 per match) |
Scoring leader(s) | Herb Drury (14 points) |
1924 → |
Ice hockey was introduced to the Olympic Games at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.[1][2] The tournament also served as the 1st World Championships. The matches were played between April 23 and April 29, 1920. Canada, represented by the Winnipeg Falcons, won the gold medal.[3] The silver went to the United States and Czechoslovakia took the bronze.
Summary[]
The organizing committee for the hockey matches included Paul Loicq, the captain of the Belgian team and a future president of the International Ice Hockey Federation.[4] The games used the Canadian ice hockey rules, and the Bergvall system to determine medal winning teams.[5]
All matches took place in the Palais de Glace d'Anvers (ice palace of Antwerp).[3] The rink was smaller than North American standards, measuring 56 metres (184 ft) long by 18 metres (59 ft) wide. All games were played with seven players per side, with the rover position being used. For the duration of each match no substitutions were permitted and if a player exited the game due to injury the opposing team was forced to take a player out as well. Additional differences from modern play included a prohibition on forward passing and the requirement that all players including the goaltender be standing on his skates to play the puck.[4] The duration of each game was two periods of twenty minutes each.[3] If any game had been tied at the end of the 40th minute, an additional two periods of five minutes each (ten minutes total) would have been added. And this process of adding two periods of five minutes each would have continued if the score were still tied at the end of any ten-minute addendum.
This was the first ice hockey tournament at an Olympic Games, and the only ever instance of it at a Summer Olympics.[3] An ice hockey tournament was part of the inaugural Winter Olympics in 1924 and has been part of every Winter program since then.
Medalists[]
Gold | Silver | Bronze |
Canada (CAN) Robert Benson Walter Byron Frank Fredrickson Chris Fridfinnson Magnus Goodman Haldor Halderson Konrad Johannesson Allan Woodman |
United States (USA) Raymond Bonney Anthony Conroy Herbert Drury Edward Fitzgerald George Geran Frank Goheen Joseph McCormick Lawrence McCormick Frank Synott Leon Tuck Cyril Weidenborner |
Czechoslovakia (TCH) Karel Hartmann Vilém Loos Jan Palouš Jan Peka Karel Pešek Josef Šroubek Otakar Vindyš Karel Wälzer |
Participating nations[]
A total of 60 ice hockey players from 7 nations competed at the Antwerp Games:
- Belgium (7)
- Canada (8)
- Czechoslovakia (8)
- France (7)
- Sweden (11)
- Switzerland (8)
- United States (11)
Format[]
Seven nations entered teams in the inaugural Olympic ice hockey tournament. The tournament format used the Bergvall system, starting with an elimination round to determine the gold medal winner, after which teams that lost to the tournament winner would play through a new bracket to determine silver. Finally, teams which lost to either the gold or silver winners would face off in a third bracket to determine the bronze winner. For the gold medal round, teams were drawn into the bracket with France receiving a bye to the semifinals.
At the time of draw, the Swedish team questioned how the matchups for the later rounds would be determined and it was believed that teams advancing further in the earlier round would receive a bye.[4] However, no decision was made and when it came time for the silver medal round Sweden and the United States were selected to play a semifinal game while Czechoslovakia received the bye. Later for the bronze medal round, organizers wanted to ensure the tournament would conclude on schedule but were reluctant to force the Czechoslovakians to play twice in one day. As a result, the Swedish team were made to play another semifinal game which would be their fourth in as many days with the bronze medal game the following day. This led to criticism of the format despite Bergvall later noting that the system was not used correctly.[4]
Gold medal round (premier prix)[]
Bracket[]
Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Gold Medal Game | ||||||||
April 23 | ||||||||||
Sweden | 8 | |||||||||
April 25 | ||||||||||
Belgium | 0 | |||||||||
Sweden | 4 | |||||||||
France | 0 | |||||||||
April 26 | ||||||||||
Canada | 12 | |||||||||
April 24 | ||||||||||
Sweden | 1 | |||||||||
United States | 29 | |||||||||
April 25 | ||||||||||
Switzerland | 0 | |||||||||
Canada | 2 | |||||||||
April 24 | ||||||||||
United States | 0 | |||||||||
Canada | 15 | |||||||||
Czechoslovakia | 0 | |||||||||
Quarterfinals[]
23 April 1920 21:30 | Sweden | 8 – 0 (5–0, 3–0) | Belgium | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seth Howander | Goalies | François Vergult | Referee: W. A. Hewitt | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 min | Penalties | 6 min | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 April 1920 17:00 | United States | 29 – 0 (15–0, 14–0) | Switzerland | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ray Bonney | Goalies | René Savoie | Referee: Raoul Le Mat | ||
| |||||
7 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
24 April 1920 21:30 | Canada | 15 – 0 (7–0, 8–0) | Czechoslovakia | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walter Byron | Goalies | Jan Peka | |||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
Semifinals[]
25 April 1920 17:00 | Sweden | 4 – 0 (2–0, 2–0) | France | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seth Howander | Goalies | Jacques Gaittet | Referee: Ernie Garon | |||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | ||||||||||||
Shots | 1 |
25 April 1920 21:00 | Canada | 2 – 0 (0–0, 2–0) | United States | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walter Byron | Goalies | Ray Bonney | Referee: Alfred de Rauch | |||||
| ||||||||
7 min | Penalties | 5 min | ||||||
Gold medal game[]
26 April 1920 22:00 | Canada | 12 – 1 (5–1, 7–0) | Sweden | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walter Byron | Goalies | Seth Howander | Referee: Joseph McCormick | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Silver medal round (second prix)[]
Bracket[]
Semifinal | Silver Medal Game | |||||
April 27 | ||||||
United States | 7 | |||||
April 28 | ||||||
Sweden | 0 | |||||
United States | 16 | |||||
Czechoslovakia | 0 | |||||
Semifinal[]
27 April 1920 22:00 | United States | 7 – 0 (5–0, 2–0) | Sweden | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cy Weidenborner | Goalies | Seth Howander | |||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
Silver medal game[]
28 April 1920 22:00 | United States | 16 – 0 (7–0, 9–0) | Czechoslovakia | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cy Weidenborner | Goalies | Jan Peka | Referee: Paul Loicq | ||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
Bronze medal round (troisième prix)[]
Bracket[]
Semifinal | Bronze Medal Game | |||||
April 28 | ||||||
Sweden | 4 | |||||
April 29 | ||||||
Switzerland | 0 | |||||
Czechoslovakia | 1 | |||||
Sweden | 0 | |||||
Semifinal[]
28 April 1920 23:30 | Sweden | 4 – 0 (0–0, 4–0) | Switzerland | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbe Jansson | Goalies | René Savoie | Referee: Frank Fredrickson | |||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | ||||||||||||
Bronze medal game[]
29 April 1920 23:00 | Czechoslovakia | 1 – 0 (1–0, 0–0) | Sweden | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
Game reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karel Wälzer | Goalies | Seth Howander | Referee: Frank Fredrickson | ||
| |||||
0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
2 | Shots | 48 |
Statistics[]
Average age[]
Team France was the oldest team in the tournament, averaging 32 years and 11 months. Gold medalists team Canada was the youngest team in the tournament, averaging 24 years and 5 months. Tournament average was 26 years and 9 months.[6]
Scoring leaders[]
Player | GP | G |
---|---|---|
Herb Drury (USA) | 4 | 14 |
Frank Fredrickson (CAN) | 3 | 12 |
Anthony Conroy (USA) | 4 | 10 |
Haldor Halderson (CAN) | 3 | 9 |
Joe McCormick (USA) | 3 | 8 |
Moose Goheen (USA) | 6 | 2 |
Larry McCormick (USA) | 1 | 5 |
Erik Burman (SWE) | 5 | 4 |
Gerry Geran (USA) | 2 | 3 |
Magnus Goodman (CAN) | 3 | 3 |
Source: olympedia.org
Final ranking[]
Rank | Team | GP | W | L | GF | GA | GD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | 3 | 3 | 0 | 29 | 1 | 28 | |
United States | 4 | 3 | 1 | 52 | 2 | 50 | |
Czechoslovakia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 31 | -30 | |
4 | Sweden | 6 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 20 | -3 |
5 | Switzerland | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 33 | -33 |
5 | France | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | -4 |
5 | Belgium | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | -8 |
Source: olympedia.org
References[]
- ^ Justin Felisko. "When Ice Hockey Was A Summer Sport". USA Hockey Magazine. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
- ^ "Ice Hockey at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d Smith, Stephen (23 April 2020). "Remembering Canada's first Olympic hockey gold: Winning gold 100 years ago in Antwerp, Belgium, Canada's team set a standard for Olympic hockey dominance that would last for three more successive Games". Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d Hansen, Kenth (May 1996). "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920". LA84 Digital Library. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Story #21: Ice Hockey debuts at the Olympics". International Ice Hockey Federation. 2008. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
- ^ "Team Canada - Olympics - Antwerpen 1920 - Player Stats". QuantHockey. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
External links[]
- 1920 Olympic Games report (digitized copy online)
- International Olympic Committee results database
- Ishockey VM OS 1920-1939
- Olympedia Olympic results database
Bibliography[]
- Hansen, Kenth (May 1996), "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920", Citius, Altiu, Fortius, 4 (2): 5–27
- Wallechinsky, David; Loucky, Jaime (2005), The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics: Turin 2006 Edition, Wilmington, Delaware: Sport Media Publishing, ISBN 1-894963-45-8
- Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics
- 1919–20 in Belgian ice hockey
- 1920 Summer Olympics events
- Ice hockey at the Summer Olympics
- IIHF Men's World Ice Hockey Championships
- Discontinued sports at the Summer Olympics
- International ice hockey competitions hosted by Belgium
- April 1920 sports events