Indonesia–Vietnam relations

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Indonesia–Vietnam relations
Map indicating locations of Indonesia and Vietnam

Indonesia
Vietnam

Indonesia and Vietnam established diplomatic relations in 1955. Both are neighboring nations that have a maritime border which lies on the South China Sea and are members of ASEAN and APEC.

Country comparison[]

Official name Republic of Indonesia Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Native name Republik Indonesia Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
Emblem National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg Emblem of Vietnam.svg
Flag Indonesia Vietnam
Population 270,203,917 96,208,984[1]
Area 2,098,812 km2 (810,356 sq mi) 331,689 km2 (128,066 sq mi)
Population density 138.61/km2 (359.0/sq mi) 276.03/km2 (714.9/sq mi)
Time zones 3 1
Capital Jakarta Hanoi
Largest city Jakarta – 9,607,787 Ho Chi Minh City - 8,993,082[1]
Government Unitary presidential constitutional republic Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic
Established 17 August 1945 (declared)
27 December 1949 (recognized) 		2 September 1945 (declared)
4 June 1954 (recognized)
Predecessor states Dutch colonial period (1602–1949)
Dutch East India Company (1602–1800)
 Dutch East Indies (1800–1949)
Republic of Indonesia (1945–1949)
Emergency Government (1948–1949)
 Dutch New Guinea (1949–1962)
Japanese occupation period (1942–1945)
Occupied Dutch East Indies (1942–1945)
Post-colonial period (1949–present)
 Republic of Indonesia
  • Republic of the United States of Indonesia (1949–1950)
  • Liberal Democracy period (1950–1957)
  • Guided Democracy period (1957–1965)
  • Transition period (1965–1966)
  • New Order period (1966–1998)
  • Reformasi period (1998–present)
 Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945)

Standard of the Nguyen Dynasty (1890 - 1920).svg Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1885)

French colonial period (1898–1946)
French Indochina

  • Flag of Colonial Annam.svg Protectorate of Annam
  • Flag of Colonial Annam.svg Protectorate of Tonkin
  • French Cochinchina

Japanese occupation period (1940–1945)
 Occupied French Indochina (1940–1945)
Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg Empire of Vietnam (1945)

Post-colonial period (1945–1976)
French Indochina (1945–1948)
Flag of South Vietnam.svg Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948–1949)
Flag of South Vietnam.svg State of Vietnam (1949–1955)

North Vietnam (1945–1976)

Flag of South Vietnam.svg South Vietnam (1955–1975)
FNL Flag.svg Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)

Post-unification period (1976–present)
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)

First leader Sukarno Hồ Chí Minh
Current leader Indonesian Presidential Seal gold.svg President: Joko Widodo General Secretary and President: Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Prime Minister: Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Current deputy Vice President: Ma'ruf Amin Vice President: Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
Legislature People's Consultative Assembly
Speaker: Bambang Soesatyo 		National Assembly of Vietnam
Chairman: Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân
Upper house Regional Representative Council
Speaker: La Nyalla Mattalitti
Lower house People's Representative Council
Speaker: Puan Maharani
Judiciary Supreme Court
Chief Justice: Muhammad Hatta Ali
Constitutional Court
Chief Justice: Anwar Usman 		Supreme People's Court
:
National language Indonesian Vietnamese
GDP (nominal) US$1.020 trillion ($3,895 per capita) US$354,868 billion ($3,609 per capita)[2]
GDP (PPP) US$3.010 trillion ($11,633 per capita) US$1,148,054 billion ($11,677 per capita)[2]

History[]

The relations between ancient Indonesia and Vietnam, particularly Southern Vietnam, began around the 7th century, since the era of the Champa, Srivijaya, and later Majapahit kingdoms.[3]: 225  In mid-11th century, Vietnamese king Ly Thanh Tong (r. 1054–1071) was said to have purchased a precious pearl from a Javanese merchant.[4]: 145  A Majapahit epic poem called Nagarakretagama mentioned several states that is today Vietnam: Champa and Yawana (Annam). Indonesian 15th century records mentioned Princess Darawati, a Cham princess, married to King Kertawijaya, Majapahit's seventh ruler. The tomb of Putri Champa (Princess of Champa) can be found in Trowulan, East Java, the site of Majapahit capital. From the 15th to 17th century, Muslim Cham maintains a cordial relationship with Aceh Sultanate. This sultanate was located on the northern tip of Sumatra and was an active promoter of Islamic faith in the Indonesian archipelago.[citation needed]

Post-independence[]

While informal diplomatic relations originated in the 1940s, formal diplomatic ties was only established following the 1955 Bandung Conference. Indonesia established consulate-generals in Hanoi and Saigon on December and September of that year. While initially keeping neutral between the North and South parties, Indonesia's government under Sukarno grew to favor the communist North Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh visited Indonesia in 1959 and Sukarno visited back the following year. Eventually, on 10 August 1964 an embassy was established in Hanoi, which resulted in severance of diplomatic ties with South Vietnam and closure of the Saigon consulate. This embassy was maintained even as Suharto took power.[5]

On 28 July 1995, Vietnam became the seventh member of ASEAN.[6] The bilateral cooperation through ASEAN has been promoted ever since.

High level visits[]

Yudhoyono and Truong Tan Sang in Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, June 27th, 2013.

In February 1959, North Vietnamese President Ho Chi Minh visited Indonesia, reciprocated by President Sukarno visit to North Vietnam in June on the same year.[7] In November 1990 President Suharto visited Vietnam. In April 1994 President Lê Đức Anh visited Indonesia.[7] Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri visited Hanoi on 22 August 2001,[8] and also in June 2003, reciprocated by President Trần Đức Lương visit to Jakarta in November 2001.[7] Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono visited Hanoi on 28 May 2005. On 27 June 2013, Vietnamese President Trương Tấn Sang visited Indonesia and paid a courtesy call to his Indonesian counterpart, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, to strengthen bilateral relations and deepen cooperation in key sectors, as well as agreeing to establish a strategic partnership.[9]

Tourism[]

In 2016, about 50,000 Vietnamese tourists visited Indonesia, with 70,000 Indonesians coming to Vietnam.[10]

Territorial disputes[]

Indonesia and Vietnam currently do not have territorial disputes. However addressing the territorial disputes in the South China Sea, Indonesia supports and urges ASEAN nations (including Vietnam and the Philippines) to unite and reaffirm the Declaration on the Conduct (DOC) of parties involved, the need to reaffirm the guidelines, Code of Conduct (COC) in the East Sea (South China Sea), and the need to respect international laws and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).[11]

In more recent years, Vietnamese fishing vessels captured for allegedly fishing in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone have been sunk, with 96 ships being sunk throughout 2016, making it the most compared to other countries.[12] The Indonesian President expressed his desire to resolve EEZ issues to his Vietnamese counterpart during the 2017 G20 Hamburg summit, of which Vietnam was a guest.[13]

See also[]

External links[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021". World Economic Outlook. International Monetary Fund. April 2021.
  3. ^ Kanchan, K. R. (1990). Hindu Kingdoms of South-east Asia - Volume 13. Cosmo Publications.
  4. ^ Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 1, From Early Times to c.1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66372-4.
  5. ^ Suryadinata, Leo (1991). "Indonesia-Vietnam Relations Under Soeharto". Contemporary Southeast Asia. 12 (4): 331–332. doi:10.1355/CS12-4C. ISSN 0129-797X. JSTOR 42707633.
  6. ^ "Vietnam in ASEAN : Toward Cooperation for Mutual Benefits". ASEAN Secretariat. 2007. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Viet Nam - Indonesia Relations". Vietnam Embassy in Jakarta. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  8. ^ "Presiden Megawati Kunjungi Vietnam Sebelum Ke Laos - 2001-08-22" (in Indonesian). Voice of America. 2001-08-21. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  9. ^ Veeramalla Anjaiah (June 27, 2013). "Vietnam, RI to upgrade relationship to strategic partnership". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  10. ^ Ngamsangchaikit, Wanwisa (28 October 2016). "Indonesia and Vietnam seek more tourists". TTR Weekly. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  11. ^ "Indonesian Foreign Minister: ASEAN is in a critical moment". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  12. ^ Supriyatna, Iwan (17 January 2017). "Menteri Susi: 236 Kapal Pencuri Ikan Ditenggelamkan Sepanjang 2016" (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  13. ^ Jordan, Ray (9 July 2017). "Bertemu PM Vietnam, Jokowi Bahas ZEE hingga Illegal Fishing" (in Indonesian). Detik. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
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