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Interstate 895

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the highway currently numbered Interstate 895. For other uses, see Interstate 895 (disambiguation).
Interstate 895 marker
Interstate 895
Harbor Tunnel Thruway
I-895 highlighted in red
Route information
Auxiliary route of I-95
Maintained by MDTA
Length14.87 mi[1][2] (23.93 km)
RestrictionsNo hazardous goods allowed in the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel
Major junctions
South end I-95 in Elkridge
Major intersections
North end I-95 in Baltimore
Location
CountiesHoward, Baltimore, Anne Arundel, City of Baltimore
Highway system
← MD 894→ MD 896

Interstate 895 (I-895) is an Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, the highway runs 14.87 miles (23.93 km) between one junction with I-95 in Elkridge and another interchange with I-95 on the east side of Baltimore. I-895 is a toll road that crosses the Patapsco River estuary via the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel, connecting U.S. Route 1 (US 1), I-695, and the Baltimore–Washington Parkway in the southwestern suburbs of Baltimore with US 40 on the east side of Baltimore. In conjunction with a pair of spurs, unsigned I-895A and I-895B, I-895 provides access to the tunnel from I-97 and Maryland Route 2 (MD 2) in Glen Burnie. The highway is designed for through traffic by having partial interchanges that require vehicles from almost all starting points (with the two northernmost exits being exceptions) to pass through the tunnel and the tunnel toll plaza, where a $4 toll is charged to passenger vehicles, before exiting the facility.

The idea of a crossing of the Patapsco River south of downtown Baltimore had been studied since the 1930s. In the early 1950s, the Maryland State Roads Commission chose to construct a four-lane tunnel between the Canton and neighborhoods of Baltimore and approach highways to connect the tunnel with major highways to Washington, Annapolis, Richmond, and Philadelphia. The tunnel and approach highways were constructed beginning in 1955 and opened in November 1957, opening a bottleneck for Baltimore through traffic, which formerly had to navigate the city streets. The Harbor Tunnel Thruway was connected with the John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway in the early 1960s and the portion of I-95 south to Washington in the early 1970s. With these connections, I-895 was burdened with most of the through traffic passing through Baltimore. The congestion was not resolved until I-95 through Baltimore was completed when the eight-lane Fort McHenry Tunnel opened in November 1985. The transfer of most traffic to the new tunnel allowed the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel to be partially shut down for extensive maintenance in the late 1980s.

Route description[]

I-895 is maintained by the Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA) and, like all Interstate Highways, is a part of the National Highway System for its entire length.[1][3]

Western approach[]

K-Truss Bridge over railroad tracks southwest of the tunnel

I-895 begins at Exit 46 of I-95 in Elkridge with single-lane flyover ramps from northbound I-95 to I-895 and from I-895 to southbound I-95. The highway, which has a speed limit of 65 miles per hour (105 km/h), expands to four lanes on a viaduct over local roads and CSX's Capital Subdivision and MARC's Camden Line. I-895 crosses the Patapsco River (the Howard–Baltimore county line) and US 1 (Washington Boulevard), then receives the Exit 1 flyover ramps from northbound US 1 and to southbound US 1 before passing under I-195 with no access. I-895 continues east parallel to the Patapsco River. The highway passes along the southern edge of Halethorpe, where it crosses Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and MARC's Penn Line along with Herbert Run.[1][4]

I-895 meets I-695 (Baltimore Beltway) at Exit 3, which includes a loop ramp from eastbound I-695 and a ramp to westbound I-695. The highway crosses Hammonds Ferry Road in Baltimore Highlands before Exit 4 with MD 295 (Baltimore–Washington Parkway), which includes a loop ramp to southbound MD 295 and a ramp from northbound MD 295. The speed limit drops to 55 miles per hour (89 km/h), then the highway crosses MD 648 (Annapolis Road) and curves northeast across marshland, the main line of MTA Maryland's Baltimore Light RailLink, and the Patapsco River into Anne Arundel County. East of the river, I-895 receives flyover ramps from the thruway's southern approach, unsigned I-895B, at Exit 6 in Brooklyn Park.[1][4]

The highway enters the city of Baltimore and curves to the east over Patapsco Avenue before Exit 7 with MD 2 (Potee Street), which includes a loop ramp to southbound MD 2 and a ramp from the intersection of MD 2 and MD 173 (Patapsco Avenue). I-895 parallels CSX's Curtis Bay Branch as the highway passes along the northern edge of the Brooklyn neighborhood. The highway crosses the Curtis Bay Branch on a steel K truss bridge ahead of Exits 8A and 8B. Exit 8A includes a loop ramp to and a flyover ramp from Shell Road, which heads toward the Curtis Bay, Baltimore neighborhood. Exit 8B includes ramps from eastbound Frankfurst Avenue and to westbound Frankfurst Avenue; that street leads to Hanover Street and downtown Baltimore. I-895 passes through the 14-booth toll plaza for the tunnel; immediately to the east of the toll plaza is Exit 9, a half-diamond interchange with Childs Street for traffic to and from the toll plaza. The speed limit decreases to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) as the highway curves to the northeast through the Fairfield unit of the Port of Baltimore and descends into the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel.[2][4]

Northern approach[]

Baltimore Harbor Tunnel

I-895 surfaces from the tunnel adjacent to the toll plaza for the Fort McHenry Tunnel within the Canton neighborhood. The highway passes over several rail lines of the Canton Railroad and several streets as it curves to the north. The Exit 10 ramp to Holabird Avenue diverges from I-895 immediately before the highway passes under I-95 with no access. I-895 returns to ground level and the highway crosses Ponca and Boston streets; the speed limit increases to 55 miles per hour (89 km/h) ahead of exits 11A and 11B, which serve Boston and O'Donnell streets, respectively (with ramps to/from eastbound Boston Street and loop ramps to/from westbound O'Donnell Street). The highway crosses a rail line before passing through the Greektown neighborhood in a cut. I-895 passes under MD 150 (Eastern Avenue) ahead of Exit 12, a four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange with Lombard Street just to the west of Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center that has ramps in both directions of the Interstate, and is the only interchange to be built out that way.[2][4]

The highway veers northeast and crosses both Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and CSX's Philadelphia Subdivision before Exit 13 with US 40 (Pulaski Highway) and MD 151 (Erdman Avenue); the entrance ramp extends from the US 40–MD 151 partial cloverleaf interchange immediately to the north and west.[2] After crossing Herring Run, I-895 meets Moravia Road at Exit 14, a five-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange that lacks an exit from northbound I-895, which is accessed via Exit 13 and a loop ramp to the northwest. This interchange complements Exit 60 off I-95, where the eastern terminus of Moravia Road meets the planned western terminus of the Windlass Freeway.[2][4] A branch of the I-95 Express Toll Lanes begin within the interchange with Moravia Road, there is a ramp from northbound I-895 to the northbound toll lanes. The highway crosses Moores Run before reaching its northern terminus at Exit 62 of I-95 (John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway), a pair of flyover ramps from I-895 to northbound I-95 and from southbound I-95 to I-895 on the boundary between the city of Baltimore and the Baltimore County community of Rosedale.[1][2][4]

History[]

Planning and construction[]

In 1938, the Maryland State Roads Commission (SRC) commissioned an engineering study, Maryland's Primary Bridge Program, to examine feasibility of major bridges across significant transportation barriers, including a bridge crossing the Patapsco River southeast of the Inner Harbor.[5] Another study in 1944 examined the idea of a bridge with limited-access approach roads running from US 1 in Elkridge to the Patapsco River crossing and from the bridge to US 40 near Erdman Avenue in east Baltimore.[6] The financial resources for the project were established in 1947 when the Maryland General Assembly passed an act allowing for the pooling of revenue bonds and toll receipts between the state's toll facilities—the existing Potomac River Bridge and Susquehanna River Bridge, and the upcoming Chesapeake Bay Bridge—to finance the construction of the Patapsco River Crossing.[7] Finally, a 1953 study examined three different routes—Canton-Fairfield, Canton-Fort McHenry, and a Canton-Fort McHenry-Fairfield dual crossing option—and whether the crossing should be a bridge or tunnel.[8]

In 1954, the SRC decided to construct a tunnel between Canton and Fairfield, with three approach highways: a west approach from US 1 in Elkridge, a south approach from MD 2 in Glen Burnie to connect with the west approach in Brooklyn Park, and a north approach from US 40 and Erdman Avenue in east Baltimore. The approach highways were to be limited-access with directional, partial interchanges so that only traffic intending to use the tunnel would use the approach roads. Any vehicles entering an approach road would not be able to exit until having passed through the tunnel and the tunnel toll facility.[8]

Shortly after work began on the Patapsco Tunnel Project on April 7, 1955, several changes were made to the plans for the approach highways. The northern terminus at US 40 was altered to allow an extension from US 40 to the southern end of the future Northeastern Expressway (now John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway). As a result, additional connections with US 40 were planned for the area around present day Exit 14. In addition, the south approach was to have a tie-in to the Glen Burnie Bypass (now I-97) then under construction.[9] The tunnel and approach highways were completed and opened November 29, 1957 as the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel and the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, respectively.[10] The opening of the tunnel and approach roads removed a significant amount of traffic from the streets of Baltimore and eliminated 51 traffic lights from the route of motorists passing through the city.[11][12]

View north along I-895 just after entering Baltimore City

Improvements and relief[]

The Harbor Tunnel Thruway was extended north to the city limits of Baltimore to seamlessly connect with the Northeastern Expressway when that highway opened northeast to the Baltimore Beltway in 1961.[13][14] In 1969, Moravia Road was extended east to US 40 using the connector between US 40 and the thruway and several ramps were added to that road's interchanges with US 40 and the thruway.[15] In addition, flyover ramps were constructed at the city limits for I-95 to diverge from the John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway onto its own path through east Baltimore in 1970.[16] The Harbor Tunnel Thruway was extended at its south end in 1973 to connect with I-95 shortly after that Interstate was completed between the Capital Beltway and the Baltimore Beltway in 1971.[13][17]

Since I-95 had not yet been completed through Baltimore, the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, which was designated I-895 in 1979, was the main route for traffic passing through Baltimore.[18] As a result, the highway was very congested, and travel through Baltimore had once again become a bottleneck. Relief came with the completion of the eight-lane Fort McHenry Tunnel on I-95 on November 23, 1985.[19] With most traffic diverted to the new tunnel, major reconstruction work began on the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel. Traffic was reduced to one lane in each direction through the tunnel as each of the two tubes was renovated between 1987 and 1989.[20] More recent changes include the elimination of the entrance ramp from Ponca Street at Exit 10, the expansion of Exit 12 to a full interchange to provide access to Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in both directions (thus shortening the toll portion of I-895), and the reconstruction of the northern interchange with I-95 in 2009 so I-895 enters and exits I-95 on the right side of the roadway; previously, I-95 exited itself southbound by forcing traffic to weave to the right and access a flyover ramp, and northbound I-895 merged with I-95 from the left.[21]

Tolls and exit numbers[]

The original toll for the Harbor Tunnel Thruway was 40 cents for passenger vehicles and 85 cents for trucks.[22] By 1985, the toll had risen to $1.[19] Electronic toll collection began at the toll plaza in 1999 for M-TAG customers; the M-TAG system was absorbed by E-ZPass in 2001.[23] MdTA increased the toll for passenger vehicles to $2 in 2003.[24][25] In May 2011, the agency announced the toll for the Harbor Tunnel Thruway and the two other harbor crossings would increase to $3 on October 1, 2011 and to $4 on July 1, 2013.[25]

The Harbor Tunnel Thruway has had three different exit number systems throughout its existence. The first numbering scheme was in place by 1963. The northbound exits were numbered between 1 (Holabird Avenue) and 5 (US 40), while the southbound exits were numbered 1 (Hanover Street) to 7 (US 1).[26] The second numbering scheme, which did not change the interchange numbers on the northern approach to the tunnel, was introduced in 1971. The exits on the western approach were renumbered 11 (Hanover Street) to 17 (US 1).[16] Under both schemes, the Childs Street exit did not have a number and the Moravia Road interchange was numbered as Exit 1 of the John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway.[15] The third and present numbering scheme was enacted in 1991.[27]

Future[]

The Canton Viaduct, a 3,400-foot (1,000 m) elevated structure that carries I-895 over a railroad yard, Ponca Street and the ramps connecting I-95 to Keith Avenue, is currently in the process of being replaced. The viaduct, located next to the toll plaza for the Fort McHenry Tunnel, is one of the oldest Interstate bridges in Maryland. Similar to what was done in the late 1980s rehabilitation of the tunnel, one side of the viaduct is closed while the other operates with one lane in each direction. Construction is expected to be completed by 2021.[28]

Exit list[]

CountyLocationmi
[1][2]		kmExitDestinationsNotes
HowardElkridge0.000.00— I-95 southExit 46 on I-95 north
Baltimore1.041.671 US 1 south (Washington Boulevard)Southbound exit and northbound entrance
Halethorpe3.435.523 I-695 north – TowsonSouthbound exit and northbound entrance; exit 8A on I-695 south (Baltimore Beltway)
Baltimore Highlands4.377.034
 MD 295 south (Baltimore–Washington Parkway) to I-695 east – BWI Marshall Airport		Southbound exit and northbound entrance
Anne ArundelBrooklyn Park5.789.306

 To I-97 south / MD 2 south – Glen Burnie, Annapolis		Southbound exit and northbound entrance; access via unsigned I-895B; also serves Bowie and Richmond
Baltimore City6.8611.047Potee Street south (MD 2)Southbound exit and northbound entrance; serves Brooklyn
7.8212.598Frankfurst Avenue to Shell Road / Hanover StreetSouthbound exit and northbound entrance; signed as exits 8A (Shell Road) and 8B (Hanover Street)
8.1213.07Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Toll Plaza (E-ZPass or Video Tolling)
8.2613.299Childs Street to Frankfurst AvenueNorthbound exit and southbound entrance; serves Port of Baltimore
8.87–
10.18		14.27–
16.38		Baltimore Harbor Tunnel under Patapsco River
11.0117.7210Holabird Avenue – DundalkNorthbound exit only
11.6818.8011ABoston StreetNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
11BO'Donnell StreetNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
12.4320.0012Lombard StreetServes Johns Hopkins Bayview Campus
13.2821.3713 US 40 east (Pulaski Highway) / Erdman AvenueNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
13.8922.3514Moravia RoadNo northbound exit; additional southbound exit and northbound entrance via express lanes
—

 I-95 Express north to MD 43		Northbound exit only; express lanes use E-ZPass or Video Tolling
14.8723.93— I-95 north – New YorkExit 62 on I-95 south
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Auxiliary routes[]

I-895 has two unsigned auxiliary routes, I-895A and I-895B. Both highways are portions of the southern approach to the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel that connects with the mainline of the Harbor Tunnel Thruway in Brooklyn Park. Both spurs are maintained by MdTA. I-895A and the portion of I-895B north of I-895A are part of the main National Highway System. The segment of I-895B between MD 2 and I-895A is a National Highway System principal arterial.[1][3]

I-895A[]

I-895A is the designation for the 0.71-mile (1.14 km) connector between the northern end of I-97 just north of I-695 (Baltimore Beltway) and I-895B within Glen Burnie.[1][4] The highway was constructed in 1957 to connect the northern end of the Glen Burnie Bypass with the Harbor Tunnel Thruway.[9] In conjunction with the reconstruction of I-97's interchange with I-695, in which the loop ramp from I-97 north to I-695 west was replaced with a flyover joining I-695 on the left, a loop ramp was added on I-895A in 1995 to allow access to the right side of I-695 west for traffic exiting at MD 648 (Baltimore - Annapolis Boulevard).[29]

I-895B[]

View looking south along I-895B (Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Thruway - Gov. Ritchie Highway Connector) from overhead bridge for Hammonds Lane in Brooklyn Park

I-895B is the designation for the 2.67-mile (4.30 km) southern approach to the mainline of Harbor Tunnel Thruway between MD 2 (Governor Ritchie Highway) in Glen Burnie and I-895 in Brooklyn Park.[1][4] The highway was completed in 1957 with the remainder of the Harbor Tunnel Thruway.[9] The only change to the southern approach is the addition of ramps from I-895B north to I-695 west and from I-695 east to I-895B south to improve access between MD 2 and the Baltimore Beltway; these ramps, now marked as Exit 3A on I-695 east, were completed in 1968.[30]

See also[]

  • MD blank.svg Maryland Roads portal

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Highway Information Services Division (December 31, 2013). Highway Location Reference. Maryland State Highway Administration. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Highway Information Services Division (December 31, 2005). Highway Location Reference. Maryland State Highway Administration. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  3. ^ a b National Highway System: Baltimore, MD (PDF) (Map). Federal Highway Administration. October 1, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Staff. Maryland General Highway Statewide Grid Map (PDF) (Map) (2014 ed.). Maryland State Highway Administration. §§ D12C, D12D, D13C, D13A. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Beall, J. Glenn; Jarboe, Elmer R.; Obrecht, George F., Sr. (March 4, 1939). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1937–1938 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. p. 73. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  6. ^ Whitman, Ezra B.; Webb, P. Watson; Thomas, W. Frank (March 1, 1945). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1943–1944 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. p. 5. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  7. ^ Reindollar, Robert M.; George, Joseph M.; McCain, Russell H. (December 20, 1950). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1949–1950 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. p. 7. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  8. ^ a b McCain, Russell H.; Bennett, Edgar T.; Kelly, Bramwell (November 12, 1954). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1953–1954 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. pp. 14–48. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  9. ^ a b c Bonnell, Robert O.; Bennett, Edgar T.; McMullen, John J. (November 2, 1956). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1955–1956 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. pp. 15–35. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  10. ^ Bonnell, Robert O.; Bennett, Edgar T.; McMullen, John J. (December 15, 1958). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1957–1958 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. pp. 7–8. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  11. ^ "The Baltimore Harbor Tunnel" (PDF). Maryland Transportation Authority. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  12. ^ "Baltimore Harbor Tunnel 50th Anniversary" (PDF). Maryland Transportation Authority. November 29, 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  13. ^ a b "Major Transportation Milestones in the Baltimore Region Since 1940" (PDF). Baltimore Metropolitan Council. December 1, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  14. ^ Maryland State Roads Commission (1962). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.
  15. ^ a b Maryland State Roads Commission (1970). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.
  16. ^ a b Maryland State Roads Commission (1971). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.
  17. ^ Maryland State Highway Administration (1974). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Highway Administration.
  18. ^ Maryland State Highway Administration (1979). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map) (1979–1980 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Highway Administration.
  19. ^ a b "Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Opens". Star–Banner. Ocala, FL: The New York Times Company. November 24, 1985. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  20. ^ "Harbor Tunnel face-lift to begin soon". Baltimore Afro-American. Baltimore: Afro-American. March 14, 1987. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  21. ^ A Sun Staff Writer (July 9, 2009). "Change In Tunnel Routes". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore: Tribune Company. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  22. ^ Dresser, Michael (November 21, 2007). "Years ago this holiday weekend, the Harbor Tunnel got inter-city traffic off Baltimore's streets". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore: Tribune Company. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  23. ^ Myers, Marcia (February 16, 2001). "M-TAG agrees to join regional toll system". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore: Tribune Company. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  24. ^ "Toll Rates for the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel (I-895), Fort McHenry Tunnel (I-95) & Francis Scott Key Bridge (I-695)". Maryland Transportation Authority. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  25. ^ a b Dresser, Michael (May 12, 2010). "Steep increase in Maryland tolls proposed". Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  26. ^ Maryland State Roads Commission (1963). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.
  27. ^ Maryland State Highway Administration (1991). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Highway Administration.
  28. ^ Campbell, Colin (November 9, 2018). "Construction on I-895 in Baltimore to cause major traffic problems for the next three years". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  29. ^ A Sun Staff Writer (October 11, 1995). "New ramp to open tomorrow as part of I-97 widening". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore: Tribune Company. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  30. ^ Maryland State Roads Commission (1968). Maryland: Official Highway Map (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.

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