Extended-protected article

Jeffrey Epstein

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jeffrey Epstein
Epstein Final Mugshot.png
Epstein's final mugshot, July 9, 2019
Born
Jeffrey Edward Epstein

(1953-01-20)January 20, 1953
New York City, U.S.
DiedAugust 10, 2019(2019-08-10) (aged 66)
New York City, U.S.
Cause of deathSuicide by hanging
Resting placeIJ Morris Star of David cemetery, Palm Beach, Florida
Education
  • Cooper Union (no degree)
  • New York University (no degree)
Occupation
  • Financier
  • broker
  • educator
  • socialite
TitleOwner of Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation
Criminal chargeProcuring an underage girl for prostitution; sex trafficking
Penalty13 months with work release (2008)
Details
Victims36[1]
Date apprehended
July 6, 2019 (second criminal case)
Websitewww.jeffreyepstein.org

Jeffrey Edward Epstein (/ˈɛpstn/ EP-steen;[2] January 20, 1953 – August 10, 2019) was an American financier and convicted sex offender.[3][4] Epstein began his professional life by teaching at a private school in Manhattan, despite lacking a college degree. After his dismissal from the school he entered the banking and finance sector, working at Bear Stearns in various roles; he eventually started his own firm. Epstein developed an elite social circle and procured many women and children; he and some of his associates then sexually abused them.[5][4][6][7]

In 2005, police in Palm Beach, Florida, began investigating Epstein after a parent complained that he had sexually abused her 14-year-old daughter.[8] Epstein pleaded guilty and was convicted in 2008 by a Florida state court of procuring a child for prostitution and of soliciting a prostitute.[5][9] He served almost 13 months in custody, but with extensive work release. He was convicted of only these two crimes as part of a controversial plea deal; federal officials had identified 36 girls, some as young as 14 years old, whom Epstein had allegedly sexually abused.[1][10]

Epstein was arrested again on July 6, 2019, on federal charges for the sex trafficking of minors in Florida and New York.[11][12] He died in his jail cell on August 10, 2019.[13] The medical examiner ruled the death a suicide.[14] Epstein's lawyers have disputed the ruling, and there has been significant public skepticism about the true cause of his death.[15][16] Since his death precluded the possibility of pursuing criminal charges, a judge dismissed all criminal charges on August 29, 2019.[17][18] Epstein had a decades-long association with Ghislaine Maxwell, who faces persistent allegations of procuring and sexually trafficking underage girls for Epstein, which led to her arrest by the FBI on July 2, 2020.[19][20][21] Epstein also maintained long-term relationships with various high-profile individuals, including Donald Trump, Leslie Wexner[22] and Prince Andrew, Duke of York.[23]

Early life

Aerial view of Epstein's childhood neighborhood of Sea Gate, Brooklyn

Epstein was born in 1953 in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. His parents Pauline (née Stolofsky, 1918–2004)[24] and Seymour G. Epstein (1916–1991) were Jewish and had married in 1952 shortly before his birth.[25] Pauline worked as a school aide and was a homemaker.[25][26][27][28] Seymour Epstein worked for the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation as a groundskeeper and gardener.[25][27] Jeffrey Epstein was the older of two siblings. Epstein and his brother Mark grew up in the working-class neighborhood of Sea Gate, a private gated community in Coney Island, Brooklyn.[26]

Epstein attended local public schools, first Public School 188 and then Mark Twain Junior High School nearby.[26] In 1967, Epstein attended the National Music Camp at the Interlochen Center for the Arts.[29] He began playing the piano when he was five.[30] He graduated in 1969 from Lafayette High School at age 16, having skipped two grades.[31][32] Later that year, he attended classes at Cooper Union until he changed colleges in 1971.[31] From September 1971, he attended the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University, but left without receiving a degree in June 1974.[31][32]

Career

Teaching

Epstein started working in September 1974 as a physics and mathematics teacher for teens at the Dalton School on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.[31][33] Donald Barr, who served as the headmaster until June 1974,[34][35][36] was known to have made several unconventional recruitments at the time, although it is unclear whether he had a direct role in hiring Epstein.[33][37][38] Three months after Barr's departure, Epstein began to teach at the exclusive private school despite his lack of credentials.[38] Epstein allegedly showed inappropriate behavior toward underage students at the time.[33][37] He became acquainted with Alan Greenberg, the chief executive officer of Bear Stearns, whose son and daughter were going to the school. Greenberg's daughter, Lynne Koeppel, pointed to a parent-teacher conference where Epstein influenced another Dalton parent into advocating for him to Greenberg.[35] In June 1976, Epstein was dismissed from Dalton for "poor performance".[33][39][40] Greenberg offered him a job at Bear Stearns.[30][41]

Banking

Epstein joined Bear Stearns in 1976 as a low-level junior assistant to a floor trader.[42] He swiftly moved up to become an options trader, working in the special products division, and then advised the bank's wealthiest clients, such as Seagram president Edgar Bronfman, on tax mitigation strategies.[32][43][44] Jimmy Cayne, the bank's later chief executive officer, praised Epstein's skill with wealthy clients and complex products. In 1980, four years after joining Bear Stearns, Epstein became a limited partner.[42]

In 1981, he was asked to leave Bear Stearns for, according to his sworn testimony, being guilty of a "reg d violation".[45][32][30] Even though Epstein departed abruptly, he remained close to Cayne and Greenberg and was a client of Bear Stearns until it collapsed in 2008.[42]

Financial consulting

Epstein in 1980

In August 1981, Epstein founded his own consulting firm, Intercontinental Assets Group Inc. (IAG),[46] which assisted clients in recovering stolen money from fraudulent brokers and lawyers.[30] Epstein described his work at this time as being a high-level bounty hunter. He told friends that he worked sometimes as a consultant for governments and the very wealthy to recover embezzled funds, while at other times he worked for clients who had embezzled funds.[30][47] Spanish actress and heiress Ana Obregón was one such wealthy client, whom Epstein helped in 1982 to recover her father's millions in lost investments, which had disappeared when Drysdale Government Securities collapsed because of fraud.[48]

Epstein also stated to some people at the time that he was an intelligence agent.[49] During the 1980s, Epstein possessed an Austrian passport that had his photo but a false name. The passport showed his place of residence in Saudi Arabia.[50][51] Investigative journalist Vicky Ward said she was told in 2017 by "a former senior White House official" that U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida Alexander Acosta, who had handled Epstein's criminal case in 2008, had stated to Trump transition interviewers, that "I was told Epstein 'belonged to intelligence' and to 'leave it alone'", and that Epstein was "above his pay grade".[52][53]

During this period, one of Epstein's clients was the Saudi Arabian businessman Adnan Khashoggi, who was the middleman in transferring American weapons from Israel to Iran, as part of the Iran–Contra affair in the 1980s.[6] Khashoggi was one of several defense contractors that he knew.[30][49] In the mid-1980s, Epstein traveled multiple times between the United States, Europe, and Southwest Asia.[50][51] While in London, Epstein met Steven Hoffenberg. They had been introduced through Douglas Leese, a defense contractor, and John Mitchell, the former U.S. Attorney General.[30]

Towers Financial Corporation

Steven Hoffenberg hired Epstein in 1987, as a consultant for Towers Financial Corporation (unaffiliated with the company of the same name founded in 1998, and acquired by Old National Bancorp in 2014),[54] a collection agency that bought debts people owed to hospitals, banks, and phone companies.[55][56] Hoffenberg set Epstein up in offices in the "Villard Houses" in Manhattan and paid him US$25,000 per month for his consulting work (equivalent to $57,000 in 2020).[30]

Hoffenberg and Epstein then refashioned themselves as corporate raiders using Towers Financial as their raiding vessel. One of Epstein's first assignments for Hoffenberg was to implement what turned out to be an unsuccessful bid to take over Pan American World Airways in 1987. A similar unsuccessful bid in 1988 was made to take over Emery Air Freight Corp. During this period, Hoffenberg and Epstein worked closely together and traveled everywhere on Hoffenberg's private jet.[30]

In 1993, Towers Financial Corporation imploded as one of the biggest Ponzi schemes in American history, losing its investors over US$450 million (equivalent to $806,185,000 in 2020).[30] In court documents, Hoffenberg claimed that Epstein was intimately involved in the scheme.[57][58] Epstein left the company by 1989 before it collapsed and was never charged for being involved with the massive investor fraud committed. It is unknown if Epstein acquired any stolen funds from the Towers Ponzi scheme.[30]

Financial management firm

Epstein managed Wexner's wealth and different projects such as the building of his yacht the Limitless.[30]

In 1988, while Epstein was still consulting for Hoffenberg, he founded his own financial management firm, J. Epstein & Company.[56][46] The company was said by Epstein to have been formed to manage the assets of clients with more than US$1 billion in net worth, although others have expressed skepticism that he was this restrictive in the clients he took.[32]

The only publicly known billionaire client of Epstein was Leslie Wexner, chairman and CEO of L Brands (formerly The Limited, Inc.) and Victoria's Secret.[30][59] In 1986, Epstein met Wexner through their mutual acquaintances, insurance executive Robert Meister and his wife, in Palm Beach, Florida. A year later, Epstein became Wexner's financial adviser and served as his right-hand man. Within the year, Epstein had sorted out Wexner's entangled finances.[32][60] In July 1991, Wexner granted Epstein full power of attorney over his affairs. The power of attorney allowed Epstein to hire people, sign checks, buy and sell properties, borrow money, and do anything else of a legally binding nature on Wexner's behalf.[61]

By 1995, Epstein was a director of the Wexner Foundation and Wexner Heritage Foundation. He was also the president of Wexner's Property, which developed part of the town of New Albany outside Columbus, Ohio, where Wexner lived. Epstein made millions in fees by managing Wexner's financial affairs. Although never employed by L Brands, he corresponded frequently with the company executives. Epstein often attended Victoria's Secret fashion shows, and hosted the models at his New York City home, as well as helping aspiring models get work with the company.[60][61]

In 1996, Epstein changed the name of his firm to the Financial Trust Company[32] and, for tax advantages, based it on the island of St. Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands.[32] By relocating to the U.S. Virgin Islands, Epstein was able to reduce federal income taxes by 90 percent. The U.S. Virgin Islands acted as an offshore tax haven, while at the same time offering the advantages of being part of the United States banking system.[62]

Media activities

In 2003, Epstein bid to acquire New York magazine.[63] Other bidders included advertising executive Donny Deutsch, investor Nelson Peltz, media mogul and New York Daily News publisher Mortimer Zuckerman, and film producer Harvey Weinstein. The ultimate buyer was Bruce Wasserstein, a longtime Wall Street investment banker, who paid US$55 million.[63]

In 2004, Epstein and Zuckerman committed up to US$25 million to finance Radar, a celebrity and pop culture magazine founded by Maer Roshan. Epstein and Zuckerman were equal partners in the venture. Roshan, as its editor-in-chief, retained a small ownership stake. It folded after three issues.[64]

Liquid Funding Ltd.

Epstein was the president of the company Liquid Funding Ltd. between 2000 and 2007.[65][66] The company was an early pioneer in expanding the kind of debt that could be accepted on repurchase, or the repo market, which involves a lender giving money to a borrower in exchange for securities that the borrower then agrees to buy back at an agreed-upon later time and price. The innovation of Liquid Funding, and other early companies, was that instead of having stocks and bonds as the underlying securities, it had commercial mortgages and investment-grade residential mortgages bundled into complex securities as the underlying security.[65]

Liquid Funding was initially 40 percent owned by Bear Stearns. Through the help of the credit rating agenciesStandard & Poor's, Fitch Ratings and Moody's Investors Service – the new bundled securities were able to be created for companies so that they got a gold-plated AAA rating. The implosion of such complex securities, because of their inaccurate ratings, led to the collapse of Bear Stearns in March 2008 and set in motion the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the subsequent Great Recession. If Liquid Funding was left holding large amounts of such securities as collateral, it could have lost large amounts of money.[65][67]

Investments

Hedge funds

Between 2002 and 2005, Epstein invested $80 million in the D.B. Zwirn Special Opportunities hedge fund.[68] In November 2006, Epstein, while under federal investigation for sex crimes,[69] attempted to redeem his investment after he was informed of accounting irregularities in the fund.[70][71] By this time, his investment had grown to $140 million. Zwirn refused to redeem the investment. Zwirn worried that Epstein's redemption could cause a "run on the bank" at the hedge fund. It is unknown how much Epstein personally lost when the fund was wound down in 2008.[68]

The government began negotiation with Epstein for a plea agreement in mid-2007, as the hedge fund began to collapse. The fund's collapse would trigger the Great Recession (2007–2009) and lose Epstein millions.

In August 2006, Epstein, a month after the federal investigation of him began,[69] invested $57 million in the Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage hedge fund.[68][72] This fund was highly leveraged in mortgage-backed collateralized debt obligations (CDOs).[72]

On April 18, 2007, an investor in the fund, who had $57 million invested, discussed redeeming his investment.[73] At this time, the fund had a leverage ratio of 17:1, which meant for every dollar invested there were seventeen dollars of borrowed funds; therefore, the redemption of this investment would have been equivalent to removing $1 billion from the thinly traded CDO market.[74] The selling of CDO assets to meet the redemptions that month began a repricing process and general freeze in the CDO market. The repricing of the CDO assets caused the collapse of the fund three months later in July, and the eventual collapse of Bear Stearns in March 2008. It is likely Epstein lost most of this investment, but it is not known how much was his.[73][72]

By the time that the Bear Stearns fund began to fail in May 2007, Epstein had begun to negotiate a plea deal with the U.S. Attorney's Office concerning imminent charges for sex with minors.[68][69] In August 2007, a month after the fund collapsed, the U.S. attorney in Miami, Alexander Acosta, entered into direct discussions about the plea agreement.[69] Acosta brokered a lenient deal, according to him, because he had been ordered by higher government officials, who told him that Epstein was an individual of importance to the government.[52][53] As part of the negotiations, according to the Miami Herald, Epstein provided "unspecified information" to the Florida federal prosecutors for a more lenient sentence and was supposedly an unnamed key witness for the New York federal prosecutors in their unsuccessful June 2008 criminal case against the two managers of the failed Bear Stearns hedge fund. Alan Dershowitz, one of Epstein's Florida attorneys on the case, told Fox Business Network "We would have been touting that if he had [cooperated]. The idea that Epstein helped in any prosecution is news to me."[1][68][75]

Israeli startup

In 2015, the Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported that Epstein invested in the startup Reporty Homeland Security (rebranded as Carbyne in 2018).[76][77][78] The startup is connected with Israel's defense industry. It is headed by former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, who was also at one time the defense minister, and chief of staff of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). The CEO of the company is Amir Elihai who was a special forces officer, and Pinchas Bukhris, who is a director of the company, was at one time the defense ministry director general and commander of the IDF cyber unit 8200.[79] Epstein and Barak, the head of Carbyne, were close, and Epstein often offered him lodging at one of his apartment units at 301 East 66th Street in Manhattan.[80][81] Epstein had past experience with Israel's research and military sector.[82] In April 2008, he went to Israel and met with a number of research scientists and visited different Israeli military bases.[82] During this trip, he thought about staying in Israel in order to avoid trial, and possible jail, for charges he was facing for sex crimes; however, he opted to return to the United States.[83]

Video recordings

Epstein installed concealed cameras in numerous places on his properties to allegedly record sexual activity with underage girls by prominent people for criminal purposes, such as blackmail.[84] Ghislaine Maxwell, Epstein's close companion, told a friend that Epstein's private island in the Virgin Islands was completely wired for video and the friend believed that Maxwell and Epstein were videotaping everyone on the island as an insurance policy.[85] When police raided his Palm Beach residence in 2006 two hidden pinhole cameras were discovered in his home.[86] It was also reported that Epstein's mansion in New York was wired extensively with a video surveillance system.[87]

Maria Farmer, an artist who worked for Epstein in 1996, noted that Epstein showed her a media room in the New York mansion where there were individuals monitoring the pinhole cameras throughout the house. The media room was accessed through a hidden door. She stated that in the media room "there were men sitting here. And I looked on the cameras, and I saw toilet, toilet, bed, bed, toilet, bed." She added that "It was very obvious that they were, like, monitoring private moments."[88]

Epstein allegedly "lent" girls to powerful people to ingratiate himself with them and also to gain possible blackmail information.[89] According to the Department of Justice, he kept compact discs locked in his safe in his New York mansion with handwritten labels that included the description: "young [name] + [name]".[90] Epstein implied that he had blackmail material when he told a New York Times reporter in 2018, off the record, that he had dirt on powerful people, including information about their sexual proclivities and recreational drug use.[91]

Legal proceedings

First criminal case

Initial developments (2005–2006)

Epstein in 2006
Epstein's 2006 mugshot

In March 2005, a woman contacted Florida's Palm Beach Police Department and alleged that her 14-year-old stepdaughter had been taken to Epstein's mansion by an older girl. There she was allegedly paid $300 (equivalent to $400 in 2020) to strip and massage Epstein.[92] She had allegedly undressed, but left the encounter wearing her underwear.[93]

Palm Beach Police began a 13-month undercover investigation of Epstein, including a search of his home.[69][94] During the investigation, Palm Beach Police Chief Michael Reiter publicly accused the Palm Beach County state prosecutor, Barry Krischer, of being too lenient and called for help from the FBI.[92]

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) then became involved. Subsequently, the police alleged that Epstein had paid several girls to perform sexual acts with him.[89] Interviews with five alleged victims and 17 witnesses under oath, a high-school transcript and other items found in Epstein's trash and home allegedly showed that some of the girls involved were under 18, the youngest being 14, with many under 16.[95][96] The police search of Epstein's home found two hidden cameras and large numbers of photos of girls throughout the house, some of whom the police had interviewed in the course of their investigation.[93] Adriana Ross, a former model from Poland who became an Epstein assistant, reportedly removed computer drives and other electronic equipment from the financier's Florida mansion before Palm Beach Police searched the home as part of their investigation.[97] The court documents record that a search of Epstein's residence by Palm Beach Police detective Joseph Recarey in 2005 uncovered an incriminating Amazon receipt, for books on sex slavery. The books he ordered are titled: "SM 101: A Realistic Introduction", "SlaveCraft: Roadmaps for Erotic Servitude – Principles, Skills and Tools" and "Training with Miss Abernathy: A Workbook for Erotic Slaves and Their Owners."[98]

A former employee told the police that Epstein would receive massages three times a day.[93] Eventually the FBI compiled reports on "34 confirmed minors" eligible for restitution (increased to 40 in the NPA) whose allegations of sexual abuse by Epstein included corroborating details.[99] Julie Brown's 2018 exposés in the Miami Herald identified about 80 victims and located about 60 of them.[1][69][100] She quotes the then police chief, Michael Reiter, as saying "This was 50-something 'shes' and one 'he'—and the 'shes' all basically told the same story."[1] Details from the investigation included allegations that 12-year-old triplets were flown in from France for Epstein's birthday, and flown back the following day after being sexually abused by the financier. It was alleged that young girls were recruited from Brazil and other South American countries, former Soviet countries, and Europe, and that Jean-Luc Brunel's "MC2" modeling agency was also supplying girls to Epstein.[95][101][102]

In May 2006, Palm Beach police filed a probable cause affidavit saying that Epstein should be charged with four counts of unlawful sex with minors and one count of sexual abuse.[93][103] On July 27, 2006, Epstein was arrested by the Palm Beach Police Department on state felony charges of procuring a minor for prostitution and solicitation of a prostitute. He was booked at the Palm Beach County jail and later released on a $3,000 bond.[5][9][104][105] State prosecutor Krischer later convened a Palm Beach County grand jury, which was usually only done in capital cases. Presented evidence from only two victims, the grand jury returned a single charge of felony solicitation of prostitution,[106] to which Epstein pleaded not guilty in August 2006.[107]

Epstein's defense lawyers included Roy Black, Gerald Lefcourt, Harvard Law School professor Alan Dershowitz, and former U. S. Solicitor General Ken Starr.[92][108] Linguist Steven Pinker also assisted.[109]

Non-prosecution agreement (NPA) (2006–2008)

The controversial non-prosecution agreement

In July 2006, the FBI began its own investigation of Epstein, nicknamed "Operation Leap Year".[110] It resulted in a 53-page indictment in June 2007.[69] Alexander Acosta, then the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, agreed to a plea deal, which Alan Dershowitz helped to negotiate,[111] to grant immunity from all federal criminal charges to Epstein, along with four named co-conspirators and any unnamed "potential co-conspirators". According to the Miami Herald, the non-prosecution agreement "essentially shut down an ongoing FBI probe into whether there were more victims and other powerful people who took part in Epstein's sex crimes". At the time, this halted the investigation and sealed the indictment. The Miami Herald said: "Acosta agreed, despite a federal law to the contrary, that the deal would be kept from the victims."[1]

Acosta later said he offered a lenient plea deal because he was told that Epstein "belonged to intelligence", was "above his pay grade" and to "leave it alone".[52][53][112] Epstein agreed to plead guilty in Florida state court to two felony prostitution charges, serve 18 months in prison, register as a sex offender, and pay restitution to three dozen victims identified by the FBI.[1][89] The plea deal was later described as a "sweetheart deal".[113]

External video
video icon Documentary: Who is Jeffrey Epstein, accused of sexually abusing teen girls? Perversion of Justice, Miami Herald, November 29, 2018.

A federal judge later found that the prosecutors had violated the victims' rights in that they had concealed the agreement from the victims and instead urged them to have "patience".[114][115]

According to an internal review conducted by the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility, which was released in November 2020, Acosta showed "poor judgment" in granting Epstein a non-prosecution agreement and failing to notify Epstein's alleged victims about this agreement.[116]

Conviction and sentencing (2008–2011)

On June 30, 2008, after Epstein pleaded guilty to a state charge (one of two) of procuring for prostitution a girl below age 18,[117] he was sentenced to 18 months in prison. While most convicted sex offenders in Florida are sent to state prison, Epstein was instead housed in a private wing of the Palm Beach County Stockade and, according to the sheriff's office, was after 3+12 months allowed to leave the jail on "work release" for up to 12 hours a day, 6 days a week. This contravened the sheriff's own policies requiring a maximum remaining sentence of 10 months and making sex offenders ineligible for the privilege. He was allowed to come and go outside of specified release hours.[100]

Epstein's cell door was left unlocked, and he had access to the attorney room where a television was installed for him, before he was moved to the Stockade's previously unstaffed infirmary. He worked at the office of a foundation he had created shortly before reporting to jail; he dissolved it after he had served his time. The Sheriff's Office received $128,000 from Epstein's non-profit to pay for the costs of extra services being provided during his work release. His office was monitored by "permit deputies" whose overtime was paid by Epstein. They were required to wear suits, and checked in "welcomed guests" at the "front desk". Later the Sheriff's Office said these guest logs were destroyed per the department's "records retention" rules (although inexplicably the Stockade visitor logs were not).[118] He was allowed to use his own driver to drive him between jail and his office and other appointments.[100][118]

Epstein in 2013
Epstein in 2013, photographed for sex offender registry

Epstein served almost 13 months before being released on July 22, 2009 for a year of probation on house arrest until August 2010.[119][120][121] While on probation he was allowed numerous trips on his corporate jet to his residences in Manhattan and the U.S. Virgin Islands. He was allowed long shopping trips and to walk around Palm Beach "for exercise".[100]

After a contested hearing in January 2011, and an appeal, he stayed registered in New York State as a "level three" (high risk of repeat offense) sex offender, a lifelong designation.[122][123] At that hearing the Manhattan District Attorney argued unsuccessfully that the level should be reduced to a low-risk "level one" and was chided by the judge. Despite opposition from Epstein's lawyer that he had a "main" home in the U.S. Virgin Islands, the judge confirmed he personally must check in with the New York Police Department every 90 days. Though Epstein had been a level-three registered sex offender in New York since 2010, the New York Police Department never enforced the 90-day regulation, though non-compliance is a felony.[115]

Reactions

The immunity agreement and his lenient treatment were the subject of ongoing public dispute. The Palm Beach police chief accused the state of giving him preferential treatment,[92] and the Miami Herald said U.S. Attorney Acosta gave Epstein "the deal of a lifetime".[1] Following Epstein's arrest in July 2019, on sex trafficking charges, Acosta resigned as Secretary of Labor effective July 19, 2019.[124]

After the accusations became public, several persons and institutions returned donations that they had received from Epstein, including Eliot Spitzer, Bill Richardson,[125] and the Palm Beach Police Department.[96] Harvard University announced it would not return any money.[125] Various charitable donations that Epstein had made to finance children's education were also questioned.[117]

On June 18, 2010, Epstein's former house manager, Alfredo Rodriguez, was sentenced to 18 months' incarceration after being convicted on an obstruction charge for failing to turn over to police, and subsequently trying to sell a journal in which he had recorded Epstein's activities. FBI Special Agent Christina Pryor reviewed the material and agreed it was information "that would have been extremely useful in investigating and prosecuting the case, including names and contact information of material witnesses and additional victims."[126][127]

Civil cases

Jane Does v. Epstein (2008)

External video
video icon How teen runaway Virginia Roberts became one of Jeffrey Epstein's victims Perversion of Justice, Miami Herald, November 30, 2018.

On February 6, 2008, an anonymous Virginia woman, known as Jane Doe No. 2, filed a $50-million civil lawsuit[128] in federal court against Epstein, saying that when she was a 16-year-old minor in 2004–05, she was "recruited to give Epstein a massage". She claims she was taken to his mansion, where he exposed himself and had sexual intercourse with her, and paid her $200 immediately afterward.[106]

A similar $50-million suit was filed in March 2008, by a different woman, who was represented by the same lawyer.[129] These and several similar lawsuits were dismissed.[130]

All other lawsuits have been settled by Epstein out of court.[131] Epstein made many out-of-court settlements with alleged victims.[130]

Victims' rights: Jane Does v. United States (2014)

A December 30, 2014, federal civil suit was filed in Florida by Jane Doe 1 (Courtney Wild) and Jane Doe 2 against the United States for violations of the Crime Victims' Rights Act by the U.S. Department of Justice's NPA with Epstein and his limited 2008 state plea. There was a later unsuccessful effort to add Virginia Roberts (Jane Doe 3) and another woman (Jane Doe 4) as plaintiffs to that case.[132] The addition accused Alan Dershowitz of sexually abusing a minor, Jane Doe 3, provided by Epstein.[133] The allegations against Dershowitz were stricken by the judge and eliminated from the case because he said they were outside the intent of the suit to re-open the plea agreement.[134][135] A document filed in court alleges that Epstein ran a "sexual abuse ring", and lent underage girls to "prominent American politicians, powerful business executives, foreign presidents, a well-known prime minister, and other world leaders".[136]

This long-running lawsuit is pending in federal court, aimed at vacating the federal plea agreement on the grounds that it violated victims' rights.[137] On April 7, 2015, Judge Kenneth Marra ruled that the allegations made by alleged victim Virginia Roberts against Prince Andrew had no bearing on the lawsuit by alleged victims seeking to reopen Epstein's non-prosecution plea agreement with the federal government; the judge ordered that allegation to be struck from the record.[134] Judge Marra made no ruling as to whether claims by Roberts are true or false. Though he did not allow Jane Does 3 and 4 to join the suit, Marra specifically said that Roberts may later give evidence when the case comes to court.[138]

On February 21, 2019, in the case of the Two Jane Does v. United States, Senior Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida Kenneth Marra said federal prosecutors violated the law by failing to notify victims before they allowed him to plead guilty to only the two Florida offenses. The judge left open what the possible remedy could be.[139]

Virginia Giuffre v. Epstein (2015)

External video
video icon Where are they now? The biggest players in the Jeffrey Epstein case Perversion of Justice, The Miami Herald, November 29, 2018.

In a December 2014 Florida court filing by Bradley Edwards and Paul G. Cassell meant for inclusion in the Crime Victims Rights Act lawsuit,[140] Virginia Giuffre (then known as Virginia Roberts), alleged in a sworn affidavit that at age 17, she had been sexually trafficked by Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell for their own use and for use by several others, including Prince Andrew[141] and retired Harvard Law professor Alan Dershowitz.[8][142] Giuffre also claimed that Epstein, Maxwell and others had physically and sexually abused her.[143] She alleged that the FBI may have been involved in a cover-up.[144] She said she had served as Epstein's sex slave from 1999 to 2002, and had recruited other underage girls.[145] Prince Andrew, Epstein, and Dershowitz all denied having had sex with Giuffre. Dershowitz took legal action over the allegations.[146][147][148] Giuffre filed a defamation suit against Dershowitz, claiming he purposefully made "false and malicious defamatory statements" about her.[111] A diary purported to belong to Giuffre was published online.[149][150] Epstein entered an out-of-court settlement with Giuffre, as he had done in several other lawsuits.[89]

In 2019, Giuffre was interviewed by the BBC's Panorama where she continued to attest that Epstein had trafficked her to Prince Andrew.[151] She appealed directly to the public by stating "I implore the people in the UK to stand up beside me, to help me fight this fight, to not accept this as being ok.”[151] As of 2016, these accusations had not been tested in any court of law.[152]

Virginia Giuffre v. Ghislaine Maxwell (2015)

As a result of Giuffre's allegations and Maxwell's comments about them, Giuffre sued Maxwell for defamation in September 2015. After much legal confrontation, the case was settled under seal in May 2017. The Miami Herald, other media, and Alan Dershowitz filed to have the documents about the settlement unsealed. After the judge dismissed their request, the matter was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.[153]

On March 11, 2019, in the appeal of the district judge's refusal to unseal the documents relating to the 2017 defamation settlement of Giuffre v. Maxwell, the Second Circuit Court gave parties one week to provide good cause as to why they should remain under seal, without which they would be unsealed on March 19, 2019. Later the Court ordered these documents to be unsealed (after having them redacted to protect innocent parties). In Giuffre's testimony, she claims that she was "directed" by Maxwell to give erotic massages and engage in sexual activities with Prince Andrew; Jean-Luc Brunel; Glenn Dubin; Marvin Minsky; Governor Bill Richardson; another unnamed prince; an unnamed foreign president; "a well known Prime Minister"; and an unnamed hotel chain owner from France, among others.[154] The deposition does not claim that any of these men in fact engaged with Giuffre, and as of August 2019, none of these men have been indicted or sued for related sex crimes.[154] Giuffre testified, "my whole life revolved around just pleasing these men and keeping Ghislaine and Jeffrey happy. Their whole entire lives revolved around sex."[154][153]

On August 9, less than 24 hours before Epstein's death, 2,000 pages of previously sealed documents from the case were released. Two sets of additional sealed documents will be analyzed by a federal judge to determine whether they should also be made public. A "John Doe" asked the judge on September 3 to permanently keep the documents secret, claiming "unproven allegations of impropriety" could damage his reputation, though he had no evidence his name was included.[155]

Jane Doe v. Epstein and Trump (2016)

A federal lawsuit filed in California in April 2016, against Epstein and Donald Trump by a California woman alleged that the two men sexually assaulted her at a series of parties at Epstein's Manhattan residence in 1994, when she was 13 years old. The suit was dismissed by a federal judge in May 2016 because it did not raise valid claims under federal law. The woman filed another federal suit in New York in June 2016, but it was withdrawn three months later, apparently without being served on the defendants. A third federal suit was filed in New York in September 2016.[citation needed]

The two latter suits included affidavits by an anonymous witness who attested to the accusations in the suits, asserting Epstein employed her to procure underage girls for him, and an anonymous person who declared the plaintiff had told him/her about the assaults at the time they occurred. The plaintiff, who had filed anonymously as Jane Doe, was scheduled to appear in a Los Angeles press conference six days before the 2016 election, but abruptly canceled the event; her lawyer Lisa Bloom asserted that the woman had received threats. The suit was dropped on November 4, 2016. Trump attorney Alan Garten flatly denied the allegations, while Epstein declined to comment.[156][157][158][159][160]

Sarah Ransome v. Epstein and Maxwell (2017)

Epstein was accused of sex trafficking of minors at his mansion at 9 East 71st Street.

In 2017, Sarah Ransome filed a suit against Epstein and Maxwell, alleging that Maxwell had hired her to give massages to Epstein and later threatened to physically harm her or destroy her career prospects if she did not comply with their sexual demands at his mansion in New York City and on his private Caribbean island, Little Saint James. The suit was settled in 2018 under undisclosed terms.[161][19][162]

Bradley Edwards' defamation v. Epstein (2018)

A state civil lawsuit in Florida filed by attorney Bradley Edwards against Epstein was scheduled for trial in December 2018. The trial was expected to provide victims with their first opportunity to make their accusations in public. However, the case was settled on the first day of the trial, with Epstein publicly apologizing to Edwards; other terms of the settlement were confidential.[137][163]

Maria Farmer v. Epstein and Maxwell (2019)

On April 16, 2019, Maria Farmer went public and filed a sworn affidavit in federal court in New York, alleging that she and her 15-year-old sister, Annie, had been sexually assaulted by Epstein and Maxwell in separate locations in 1996. Farmer met Epstein and Maxwell at her graduate art gallery reception at the New York Academy of Art in 1995. The following year, in the summer of 1996, they hired her to work on an art project in Leslie Wexner's Ohio mansion, where she was then sexually assaulted.[164] Farmer reported the incident to the New York City Police Department and the FBI.[165]

Farmer's affidavit also stated that during the same summer, Epstein flew her then-15-year-old sister to his New Mexico property where he and Maxwell sexually abused her on a massage table.[166]

Jennifer Araoz v. Epstein and Maxwell (2019)

On July 22, 2019, while in jail awaiting trial, Epstein was served with a petition regarding a pending state civil lawsuit filed by Jennifer Araoz.[167] She stated that an associate for Epstein had recruited her outside Talent Unlimited High School at age 14 and she was gradually groomed for over a year before Epstein raped her in his New York City mansion when she was 15.[168] Araoz filed her suit on August 14, 2019, when New York State law was updated to allow one year for adult survivors of child sexual abuse to sue for previous offenses, regardless of how long ago the abuse took place.[169] In October 2019, Araoz amended her complaint to include over 20 corporate entities associated with Epstein and named the additional individuals Lesley Groff and Cimberly Espinosa as enablers.[170]

Katlyn Doe, et al. v. Epstein's estate (2019)

Three women (Katlyn Doe, Lisa Doe and Priscilla Doe) sued the estate of Jeffrey Epstein on August 20, 2019. Two of the women were 17 and one was 20 when they met Epstein. The women allege they were recruited, subjected to unwanted sex acts, and controlled by Epstein and a "vast enterprise" of co-conspirators.[171][172]

Jane Doe v. Epstein's estate (2019)

A New York accuser of Epstein, known only as Jane Doe, announced a federal lawsuit against his estate in the Southern District of New York on September 18, 2019, stating that she was recruited in 2002 and sexually abused by Epstein for three years starting at age 14.[173]

Teresa Helm, et al. v. Epstein's estate (2019)

Five women (Teresa Helm, Annie Farmer, Maria Farmer, Juliette Bryant, and an unidentified woman), represented by David Boies, sued Epstein's estate in Federal District Court in Manhattan in November 2019, accusing him of rape, battery and false imprisonment and seeking unspecified damages.[174]

Jane Doe 15 v. Epstein's estate (2019)

On November 18, 2019, a woman identified as Jane Doe 15 made a public appearance with her attorney Gloria Allred to announce that she was suing the estate of Jeffrey Epstein in the District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that he manipulated, trafficked, and sexually abused her in 2004, when she was 15 years old.[175]

Teala Davies v. Epstein's estate (2019)

On November 21, 2019, Teala Davies appeared with her attorney Gloria Allred and announced her lawsuit in Manhattan federal court against Epstein's estate.[176][177] Davies stated that after meeting Epstein in 2002, he sexually assaulted and trafficked her in New York, New Mexico, Florida, the Virgin Islands and France.[176]

Jane Does 1-9 v. Epstein's estate (2019)

On December 3, 2019, lawyer Jordan Merson filed a lawsuit in New York on behalf of nine anonymous accusers (Jane Does 1–9) and against Epstein's estate for battery, assault, and intensional emotional distress.[178] The claims date from 1985 through the 2000s, and include individuals who were 13, 14, and 15 when they first encountered Epstein.[178]

JJ Doe v. Epstein's estate (2019)

The lawsuit was filed by Bradley Edwards on behalf of his client in late December 2019. The accuser, JJ Doe, is described as being a 14-year-old resident of Palm Beach County at the time Epstein abused her in 2004.[179]

US Virgin Islands v. Epstein's estate, et al. (2020)

A lawsuit was filed in Superior Court of the US Virgin Islands in January 2020 alleging that Epstein ran a sex trafficking conspiracy for over two decades, through 2018, with children as young as 11 years old on Epstein's Caribbean islands.[180] According to Attorney General Denise George, his alleged criminal activities on the islands were concealed through a complex network of companies.[180]

Jane Doe v. Maxwell and Epstein's estate (2020)

In January 2020, a lawsuit was filed against Maxwell and Epstein alleging that they recruited a 13-year-old music student at the Interlochen Center for the Arts in 1994 and subjected her to sexual abuse[181] The suit states that Jane Doe was repeatedly sexually assaulted by Epstein over a four-year period and that Maxwell played a key role in both her recruitment and by participating in the assaults.[181]

Jane Does v. Epstein estate (2020)

In August 2020 9 Jane Does filed suit accusing Epstein of sexual abuse. The alleged victims in the lawsuit include a 11 and 13 year old and a victim who alleged abuse in 1975.[182]

Jane Doe v. Epstein estate (2020)

In August 2020 Epstein was sued by a Jane Doe accusing him of sexually abusing her for one and a half years, beginning when she was an 18-year-old aspiring singer and model in New York.[183]

Jane Doe v. Epstein estate (2021)

A civil suit was filed against Epstein's estate in March 2021 by a Broward County woman who accused Epstein and Maxwell of trafficking her after repeatedly raping her in Florida in 2008.[184]

Second criminal case

Trafficking charges

U.S. v. Jeffrey Epstein indictment[3]

On July 6, 2019, Epstein was arrested by the FBI-NYPD Crimes Against Children Task Force at Teterboro Airport in New Jersey on sex trafficking charges.[27][185][186][187] He was jailed at the Metropolitan Correctional Center in New York City, which has held prisoners such as John Gotti, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, and Paul Manafort.[188][189]

According to witnesses and sources on the day of his arrest, about a dozen FBI agents forced open the door to his Manhattan townhouse, the Herbert N. Straus House, with search warrants. The search of his townhouse turned up evidence of sex trafficking and also found "hundreds – and perhaps thousands – of sexually suggestive photographs of fully – or partially – nude females". Some of the photos were confirmed as those of underage females. In a locked safe, compact discs were found with handwritten labels including the descriptions: "Young [Name] + [Name]", "Misc nudes 1", and "Girl pics nude".[90] Also found in the safe were $70,000 in cash, 48 diamonds,[190] and a fraudulent Austrian passport, which expired in 1987, that had Epstein's photo but another name. The passport had numerous entrance and exit stamps, including entrance stamps that showed the use of the passport to enter France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia in the 1980s. The passport showed his place of residence as Saudi Arabia.[50][51][191][192][193] According to his attorneys, Epstein had been advised to acquire the passport because "as an affluent member of the Jewish faith", he was in danger of being kidnapped while traveling abroad.[194]

On July 8, prosecutors with the Public Corruption Unit of the Southern District of New York charged him with sex trafficking and conspiracy to traffic minors for sex. The grand jury indictment alleges that "dozens" of underage girls were brought into Epstein's mansions for sexual encounters.[11][12][195] Judge Kenneth Marra was to decide whether the non-prosecution agreement that protected Epstein from the more serious charges should still stand.[196]

Federal paperwork regarding Jeffrey Epstein being denied bail

Epstein requested to be released on bond, offering to post $100 million with the condition that he would also submit to house arrest in his New York City mansion.[197] US District Judge Richard M. Berman denied the request on July 18, saying that Epstein posed a danger to the public and a serious flight risk to avoid prosecution.[197]

On July 23, Epstein was found injured and semiconscious at 1:30 a.m. on the floor of his cell, with marks around his neck that were suspected to be the result of either a suicide attempt or an assault.[198] His cellmate, former New York City police officer Nicholas Tartaglione, who is charged with four counts of murder, was questioned about Epstein's condition. He denied having any knowledge of what happened. Epstein himself said he recollected nothing.[190][199][200][201] According to NBC News, two sources said that Epstein might have tried to hang himself, a third said the injuries were not serious and could have been staged, and a fourth source said that an assault by his cellmate had not been ruled out.[202]

On August 29, 2019, following Epstein's death 10 days prior, the case against Epstein was closed after Judge Berman dismissed all sex trafficking charges.[17][18] However, he also expressed support for Epstein's accusers.[17] Prosecutors objected to the ruling and stated they would continue an investigation for potential co-conspirators.[18]

Investigation in France

On August 23, 2019, the prosecutor's office in Paris, France, opened a preliminary investigation into Epstein. He is being investigated for rape and sexual assault of minors under and over the age of 15, criminal association with a view to committing crimes, and association with criminals with a view to committing offenses. The prosecutors said that the goal of the investigation is to find possible crimes committed in France and elsewhere against French citizens.[203]

Personal life

Previous long-term girlfriends associated with Epstein include Eva Andersson-Dubin[204][205] and publishing heiress Ghislaine Maxwell.[30] Epstein was romantically linked to Andersson-Dubin for an 11-year period[206] mostly in the 1980s and the two later remained friendly well after her marriage to Glenn Dubin.[204][205] Epstein met Maxwell, daughter of disgraced media baron Robert Maxwell, by 1991.[162][207][208] Epstein had Maxwell come to the United States in 1991 to recover from her grief following the death of her father.[209] Maxwell was implicated by several of Epstein's accusers as procuring or recruiting underage girls in addition to once being Epstein's girlfriend.[161][162][208] In a 2009 deposition, several of Epstein's household employees testified that Maxwell had a central role in both his public and private life, referring to her as his "main girlfriend" who also handled the hiring, supervising, and firing of staff starting around 1992. In 1995, Epstein renamed one of his companies the Ghislaine Corporation in Palm Beach, Florida; the company was dissolved in 1998.[165] In 2000, Maxwell moved into a 7,000-square-foot townhouse, less than 10 blocks from Epstein's New York mansion. This townhome was purchased for $4.95 million by an anonymous limited liability company, with an address that matches the office of J. Epstein & Co. Representing the buyer was Darren Indyke, Epstein's longtime lawyer.[19] In a 2003 Vanity Fair exposé, Epstein refers to Maxwell as "my best friend".[30] Epstein was a longtime acquaintance of Prince Andrew and Tom Barrack,[210] and attended parties with many prominent people, including Bill Clinton, George Stephanopoulos, Donald Trump,[211] Katie Couric, Woody Allen,[212] and Harvey Weinstein.[213] His contacts included Rupert Murdoch, Michael Bloomberg, Richard Branson, Michael Jackson, Alec Baldwin and the Kennedys.[214] His contacts also included Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak, British prime minister Tony Blair, and Saudi Arabian crown prince Mohammed bin Salman.[215][216][217] Both Clinton[218] and Trump[219] claimed that they never visited Epstein's island.

Epstein owned a private Boeing 727 jet and traveled in it frequently, logging "600 flying hours a year ... usually with guests on board".[220] The jet was nicknamed the Lolita Express by the locals in the Virgin Islands, because of its frequent arrivals at Little Saint James with apparently underage girls.[221] In 2003, Epstein flew to Cuba aboard his plane with Colombian president Andrés Pastrana Arango at the invitation of Cuban president Fidel Castro. According to Fabiola Santiago of the Miami Herald, Epstein was likely considering relocating to Cuba in order to escape U.S. law enforcement; Epstein was under investigation from U.S. law enforcement at the time.[222] In 2009, Epstein's brother Mark claimed Trump had flown on Epstein's plane at least once. He later told The Washington Post that Trump flew "numerous times" on Epstein's airplane, although Mark was present on only one of the flights.[223][224] According to Michael Corcoran, Trump flew Epstein on his own airplane at least once.[225] In September 2002, Epstein flew Clinton, Kevin Spacey, and Chris Tucker to Africa in this jet.[32][226][227] Flight records obtained in 2016 show Bill Clinton flew 27 times to at least a dozen international locations.[228] Flight logs did not list any Secret Service detail for at least five flights, on an Asia trip,[228] and Secret Service stated that there is no evidence of the former president making a trip to Epstein's private island.[228] In 2019, a Clinton spokesperson stated that, in 2002 and 2003, Clinton took four trips on Epstein's airplane, making stops on three continents, all with his staff and Secret Service detail.[229] At the time of Epstein's 2019 arrest, Clinton's spokeswoman Angel Ureña stated that Clinton had "not spoken to Epstein in well over a decade, and has never been to Little St. James Island, Epstein's ranch in New Mexico, or his residence in Florida."[230]

President Trump states "I knew him like everybody in Palm Beach knew him." July 2019 video from the White House.

In a profile of Epstein in New York magazine in 2002, former Democratic Senate leader George J. Mitchell said of Epstein, "I would certainly call him a friend and a supporter". In the same article, Donald Trump remarked, "I've known Jeff for fifteen years. Terrific guy. He's a lot of fun to be with. It is even said that he likes beautiful women as much as I do, and many of them are on the younger side. No doubt about it – Jeffrey enjoys his social life."[231] In July 2019, Trump said "I knew him like everybody in Palm Beach knew him," stating four times he had not been "a fan" of Epstein and that he had not spoken to him in about fifteen years. A video shot in 1992 surfaced showing the two men partying together at Mar-a-Lago.[232][233][234][235] By 2007, Trump reportedly banned Epstein from his Mar-a-Lago club for unseemly pursuit of young females.[236][237][238][239] The ban allegation was included in court documents filed by attorney Bradley Edwards,[240] although Edwards later said it was a rumor he tried to, but could not confirm.[241][242]

Bill Clinton lauded Epstein as "a committed philanthropist" with "insights and generosity".[243] At the time Epstein was on the board of Rockefeller University, a member of the Trilateral Commission and the Council on Foreign Relations, and was a major donor to Harvard University.[32]

Epstein visited the White House while Clinton was president on four known occasions.[244] In 1993, he went to a donor event at the White House with his companion Ghislaine Maxwell. Around the same time, he also met with President Clinton's aide Mark Middleton on at least three occasions at the White House. In 1995, financier Lynn Forester discussed "Jeffrey Epstein and currency stabilization" with Clinton.[244] Epstein, according to his own accounts, was heavily involved in the foreign exchange market and traded large amounts of currency in the unregulated forex market.[30][32] In 1995, Epstein also attended a small political fundraiser dinner for Bill Clinton which included 14 other people including Ron Perelman, Don Johnson, Jimmy Buffett, and dinner organizer Paul Prosperi.[245]

From the 1990s to mid-2000s, Epstein often socialized with the future President Donald Trump.[246] Author Michael Wolff wrote that Trump, Epstein, and Tom Barrack were at the time like a "set of nightlife musketeers" on the social scene.[6][247] Epstein and Trump socialized both in New York City and Palm Beach, where they both had houses.[234][246] In April 2003, New York magazine reported Epstein hosted a dinner party in his Manhattan residence to honor Bill Clinton, who did not attend, although Trump did attend.[248] According to The Washington Post, one person who knew Epstein and Trump during this time noted that "they were tight" and "they were each other's wingmen". In November 2004, Epstein and Trump's friendship ran into trouble when they became embroiled in a bidding war for a $40 million mansion, Maison de L'Amitie, which was being auctioned in Palm Beach. Trump won the auction for $41 million, and successfully sold the property four years later for $95 million to the Russian billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev. That month was the last time Epstein and Trump were recorded to have interacted.[223]

Wealth

Swiss Leaks files indicate Epstein had millions stored in offshore accounts. Map shows global extent of account holders in the leaked files.[65]

The exact origin of Epstein's wealth is unknown.[249] Leslie Wexner was one source of Epstein's original wealth.[249] An assistant of Epstein also stated that he got his fortune started through Robert Maxwell, the media mogul father of Ghislaine Maxwell.[250][251]

When Epstein pleaded guilty in 2008 to soliciting and procuring prostitution, his lawyers stated he was a billionaire with a net worth of over one billion dollars.[249] A number of sources, however, have questioned the extent of Epstein's wealth and his status as a billionaire. According to an article in The New York Times, his "fortune may be more illusion than fact". Epstein lost "large sums of money" in the 2008 financial crisis, and "friends and patrons"—including retail billionaire Leslie Wexner, "deserted him" following his pleading guilty to prostitution charges in 2008.[56] New York magazine claimed that "there's scant proof" of Epstein's "financial bona fides",[249] and Forbes also ran an article entitled "Why sex offender Jeffrey Epstein is not a billionaire".[252]

Spencer Kuvin, an attorney for three of Epstein's alleged victims in the case where Epstein pleaded guilty to sexual activity with minors, stated that "he and his team 'pursued every possible angle' to find out Epstein's net worth but found that much of his wealth is offshore."[252] An investigation by the Miami Herald of the Swiss Leaks documents indicated that Epstein had multiple financial accounts with millions of dollars in offshore tax havens. In the Paradise Papers, records showed that Epstein in February 1997, became a client of Appleby, a Bermuda-based law firm which specialized in the creation of offshore companies and investment vehicles for the ultra-wealthy. A client profile of Epstein described his job cryptically as the "Manager of Fortune".[65][66]

Federal prosecutors on July 12, 2019, stated in court documents that, based on records from one financial institution, that Jeffrey Epstein was "extravagantly wealthy" and had assets worth at least $500 million and earned more than $10 million a year. The extent of his wealth, however, was not known, since he had not filled out a financial affidavit for his bail application.[253][254][255] According to Bloomberg News, "Today, so little is known about Epstein's current business or clients that the only things that can be valued with any certainty are his properties."[256] The Miami Herald in their investigation of the Paradise Papers and Swiss Leaks documents concluded that Epstein's wealth is likely spread secretly across the globe.[65]

In 2020 Epstein estate's finances revealed that it had paid out nearly $50 million between June 2020 and December 2020 to more than 100 women who brought claims to the "Epstein Victims Compensation Fund" set up in the U.S. Virgin Islands.[257] By February 2021, the estate was valued at about $240 million, down from estimates of $630 million a year earlier. This prompted the attorney general of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Denise George, to file an emergency motion seeking the immediate asset freeze. She contended in the court filing, which the victims joined, that the estate executors had “mismanaged” the money.[258]

Residences

Epstein's private island of Little St. James in the US Virgin Islands.

Epstein owned the Herbert N. Straus House on 9 East 71st Street in the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.[259][260] It was originally purchased for $13.2 million in 1989 by Epstein's mentor, Les Wexner, who renovated it completely.[186][261][262] Epstein moved into the mansion in 1995 after Wexner married and moved with his wife to Columbus, Ohio, to raise their family.[32][261] He took full possession of the mansion in 1998, when he paid Wexner $20 million for it.[56] The house was valued in 2019 by federal prosecutors at $77 million, while the city assessed its value at $56 million.[259] The mansion is reputedly the largest private residence in Manhattan at 21,000 sq ft (2,000 m2).[186][259] Hidden under a flight of stairs, there is a lead-lined bathroom fitted with its own closed-circuit television screens and a telephone, both concealed in a cabinet under the sink. The house also has its own heated sidewalk to melt away the snow.[87] The entrance hall is lined with rows of individually framed prosthetic eyeballs that were made in England for injured soldiers.[30]

The financier's other properties include a residence in Palm Beach, Florida, purchased in 1990;[263] seven units in an apartment building near the Arc de Triomphe at 22 Avenue Foch in Paris, France;[259] a 7,500-acre (30 km2) ranch named Zorro Ranch near Stanley, New Mexico, purchased in 1993;[261][264][265] a private island near Saint Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands called Little Saint James, which includes a mansion and guest houses, purchased in 1998; and the neighboring island of Great Saint James purchased in 2016.[266][267] Epstein was building a compound on the latter including an amphitheater and "underwater office & pool" but ran into problems when a stop-work order was issued in late 2018; work continued despite the order.[268]

Epstein, previous to his final Manhattan home, lived in a spacious townhouse, which was a former Iranian government building that had been taken over by the State Department during the Iranian revolution, at 34 East 69th Street for a rate of $15,000 a month from 1992 to 1995.[269] He also previously owned a mansion outside Columbus, Ohio, near Wexner's home from 1992 to 1998 which he purchased from his mentor.[61] Before the Herbert Straus house was purchased, Wexner purchased in 1988 the adjacent townhouse at 11 East 71st Street. Like in the case of the 9 East 71st Street house, Epstein was on the deed of the 11 East 71st Street house as the trustee. The townhouse was sold in 1996 to the Comet trust which holds part of the assets of the de Gunzburg/Bronfman family.[270]

Epstein rented offices for his business dealings in the Villard House at 457 Madison Avenue.[92] Steven Hoffenberg originally set up the offices for Epstein in 1987 when he was consulting for Tower Financial.[30] Epstein used these offices until at least 2003. Around this time, Michael Wolff saw the financier in his office, which in the past were the offices of Random House.[92] Wolff noted that Epstein's offices were a strange place which did not have a corporate feel at all. Wolff stated that the offices were "almost European. It's old—old-fashioned, unrehabbed in its way." Wolff continued that "the trading floor is filled with guys in yarmulkes. Who they are, I have no idea. They're like a throwback, a bunch of guys from the fifties. So here is Jeffrey in this incredibly beautiful office, with pieces of art and a view of the courtyard, and he seems like the most relaxed guy in the world. You want to say 'What's going on here?' and he gives you that Cheshire smile."[92]

Epstein rented multiple apartment units for his employees, models, and guests since the 1990s at 301 East 66th Street. The majority of the apartment complex at this address is owned by Ossa properties, which is owned by Jeffrey Epstein's brother, Mark, who purchased the complex in the early 1990s from Wexner. Over the years Epstein has housed different friends at 11 East 71st Street, including his ex-girlfriend Eva Andersson, who is now married to his hedge-fund friend Glenn Dubin, MC2 Models founder Jean-Luc Brunel, and on occasions former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. He has housed some of his workers, including his pilot, housekeeper and office work staff, in the apartment complex. Epstein has also housed underage girls, who Brunel scouted for his MC2 modeling agency.[80][81] On August 6, 2012, a model and party promoter associated with MC2, Pedro Gaspar, who lived above another of the modeling agency's locations in Manhattan, died of what some consider to be a suspicious drug overdose.[271]

Political donations

From 1989 until 2003, Epstein donated more than $139,000 to U.S. Democratic Party federal candidates and committees and over $18,000 to U.S. Republican Party candidates and groups.[272]

Epstein contributed $50,000 to Democrat Bill Richardson's successful campaign for Governor of New Mexico in 2002 and again for his successful run for reelection in 2006. Also that year, he contributed $15,000 to Democrat Gary King's successful campaign for Attorney General of New Mexico. He later contributed $35,000 to King's 2014 unsuccessful campaign for Governor. Other contributions in New Mexico included Epstein $10,000 toward Jim Baca's campaign to become head of the land commission and $2,000 toward Santa Fe County Sheriff Jim Solano's bid for reelection. In 2010, Epstein received a notice from New Mexico Department of Public Safety which said, "You are not required to register [as a sex offender] with the state of New Mexico." This was in contravention of federal law, which would seem to say that the conviction in Florida required him to register in New Mexico.[273]

Philanthropy

Epstein donated millions of dollars to Harvard University over the years for different causes.

In 1991, Epstein was one of four donors who pledged to raise US$2 million for a Hillel student building Rosovsky Hall at Harvard University.[274][275] In 2000, Epstein established the Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation, which funds science research and education. Prior to 2003, the foundation funded Martin Nowak's research at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. In May 2003, Epstein pledged a series of donations totaling US$30 million to create a mathematical biology and evolutionary dynamics program at Harvard which was run by Martin Nowak.[274] According to The Boston Globe, the actual amount received from Epstein was US$6.5 million.[125][274][275] In 2019, Forbes deleted a 2013 article that called Epstein "one of the largest backers of cutting edge science" after The New York Times revealed its author, Drew Hendricks, had been paid $600 to submit it falsely as his own.[205]

According to attorney Gerald B. Lefcourt, Epstein was "part of the original group that conceived of the Clinton Global Initiative".[276] Epstein co-organized a science event with illusionist and skeptic Al Seckel called the Mindshift Conference.[277] The conference took place in 2010 on Epstein's private island Little Saint James.[277] In attendance were scientists Murray Gell-Mann, Leonard Mlodinow, and Gerald Jay Sussman.[41]

The true extent of Epstein's donations is unknown. The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation fails to disclose information which other charities routinely disclose. Concerns have been raised over this lack of transparency. In 2015, the Attorney General of the state of New York was reported to be trying to gain information but was refused since the charities were based outside of the state and did not solicit in New York State.[278] Epstein, besides making donations through the Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation, also made a number of charitable donations through his three private charities: Epstein Interest, the COUQ Foundation, and Gratitude American Ltd. According to federal tax filings, Epstein donated $30 million between 1998 and 2018, through these three charities.[279] Following his death, a number of scientists and institutions—including Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)—came under criticism for accepting money from Epstein and his foundation, with some individuals offering to give away money donated by Epstein.[280]

Interest in eugenics and transhumanism

According to various sources, beginning in the early 2000s Epstein developed a strong interest in improving the human race through genetic engineering and artificial intelligence, including using his own sperm. He addressed the scientific community at various events and occasions and communicated his fascination with eugenics.[281] It was reported in August 2019 that Epstein had planned to "seed the human race with his DNA" by impregnating up to 20 women at a time using his New Mexico compound as a "baby ranch", where mothers would give birth to his offspring. He was an advocate of cryonics and his own idiosyncratic version of transhumanism, and had said that he intended to have his penis and head frozen.[282][283]

Kathleen Hall Jamieson, director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania said: "Scientists need funding for important work ... if the funding is for legitimate scientific work, there is nothing wrong with accepting support from a billionaire. However it would have been wrong for scientists to accept his funding if they were aware that he was planning a eugenics experiment that might draw legitimacy from his association with them." Professor George Church also publicly apologized for meeting Epstein after his 13-month sentence, saying "There should have been more conversations about, should we be doing this, should we be helping this guy? There was just a lot of nerd tunnel vision."[280]

Death

At the time of his death, Epstein was being held at the Metropolitan Correctional Center (pictured here in 2010), awaiting trial for sex-trafficking.[202]

On July 23, 2019, three weeks prior to his death, Epstein was found unconscious in his jail cell with injuries to his neck.[198][201] Epstein said he believed that he was attacked by his cellmate, who was awaiting trial for four counts of murder, while the correctional staff suspected attempted suicide.[202][284] After that incident, he was placed on suicide watch.[198][285] Six days later, on July 29, 2019, Epstein was taken off suicide watch and placed in a special housing unit with another inmate.[198] Epstein's close associates said he was in "good spirits".[13]

When Epstein was placed in the special housing unit, the jail informed the Justice Department that he would have a cellmate, and that a guard would look into the cell every 30 minutes. These procedures were not followed on the night of his death.[286][198][287] On August 9, 2019, Epstein's cellmate was transferred out, but no one took his place.[288] Later in the evening, contrary to the jail's normal procedure, Epstein was not checked every 30 minutes.[286][198][287] The two guards who were assigned to check his jail unit that night fell asleep and did not check on him for about three hours; the guards falsified related records.[198][289] Two cameras in front of Epstein's cell also malfunctioned that night.[16]

Epstein was found dead in his cell at the Metropolitan Correctional Center (MCC) in New York City at 6:30 a.m. EDT on August 10, 2019.[290][291] The Bureau of Prisons said lifesaving measures were initiated immediately upon the discovery of Epstein's body. Emergency responders were called and he was taken to a hospital. On August 10, 2019, the Bureau of Prisons and U.S. Attorney General William Barr called the death an apparent suicide, although no final determination had been made.[13] The circumstances leading up to his death are being investigated by the Justice Department.[292][293]

Autopsy

Epstein's body moved from New York hospital to medical examiner's office, video from Voice of America

On August 11, 2019, an autopsy was performed.[294] It appeared likely that Epstein had thrown himself violently off the cell's top bunk, which would explain the damage he suffered, other than strangulation.[295] The preliminary result of the autopsy found that Epstein sustained multiple breaks in his neck bones. Among the bones broken in Epstein's neck was the hyoid bone. Such breaks of the hyoid bone can occur from those who hang themselves, but they are more common in victims of homicide by strangulation. A 2010 study found broken hyoids in 25 percent of cases of hangings. A larger study conducted from 2010 to 2016 found hyoid damage in just 16 of 264, or six percent, of cases of hangings. Hyoid bone breaks become more common with age, as the bones become more brittle.[296] Forensic pathologist Cyril Wecht noted that hanging by leaning forward would not result in broken cervical bones.[297]

On August 16, 2019, Barbara Sampson, the New York City medical examiner, ruled Epstein's death a suicide by hanging.[298] The medical examiner, according to Epstein's defense counsel, only saw nine minutes of footage from one security camera to help her arrive at her conclusion.[15] Epstein's defense lawyers were not satisfied with the conclusion of the medical examiner and were conducting their own independent investigation into the cause of Epstein's death, including taking legal action, if necessary, to view the pivotal camera footage near his cell during the night of his death.[299] Epstein's lawyers said that the evidence concerning Epstein's death was "far more consistent" with murder than suicide.[15] Michael Baden, an independent pathologist hired by the Epstein estate, observed the autopsy. In October 2019, Dr. Baden said that Mr. Epstein, 66, experienced a number of injuries – among them a broken bone in his neck – that "are extremely unusual in suicidal hangings and could occur much more commonly in homicidal strangulation...I think that the evidence points to homicide rather than suicide."[300]

Final will

On August 18, 2019, it was reported that Jeffrey Epstein had signed his last will and testament on August 8, 2019, two weeks after being found injured in his cell and two days before his death.[202][301] Until this time, Epstein had been depositing money in other inmates' commissary accounts to avoid being attacked.[198] The signing of the will was witnessed by two attorneys that knew him. The will named two longtime employees as executors, and immediately gifted all of his assets, and any assets remaining in his estate, to a trust.[301]

Burial

Following the autopsy, Epstein's body was claimed by his brother, Mark.[302][303] On September 5, Epstein's body was buried in an unmarked grave next to those of his parents at the IJ Morris Star of David cemetery in Palm Beach, Florida. The names of his parents were also removed from their tombstone in order to prevent vandalism.[304]

Investigations

Attorney General Barr ordered an investigation by the Department of Justice Inspector General in addition to the investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, saying that he was "appalled" by Epstein's death in federal custody.[13][305] Two days later Barr said there had been "serious irregularities" in the prison's handling of Epstein, promising "We will get to the bottom of what happened, and there will be accountability."[306]

On August 14, 2019, Manhattan federal court Judge Richard M. Berman, who was overseeing Epstein's criminal case, wrote to the Metropolitan Correctional Center warden Lamine N'Diaye inquiring as to whether an investigation into the millionaire's apparent suicide would include a probe into his prior (July 23) injuries. Judge Berman wrote that to his knowledge it has never been definitely explained what they concluded about the incident.[307]

The national president of the Council of Prison Locals C-33, E. O. Young, stated that prisons "can't ever stop anyone who is persistent on killing themselves".[308] Between 2010 and 2016, around 124 inmates killed themselves while in federal custody, or around 20 prisoners per year, out of an inmate population of 180,000.[309][310] The previous reported inmate suicide in the MCC facility in Manhattan was in 1998.[311] The union leader Young said it was unclear if there was video of Epstein's hanging or direct observations by jail officials. He said that while cameras are ubiquitous in the facility, he did not believe that the interior of inmates' cells were within their range. Young said union officials had long been raising concerns regarding staffing, as the Trump administration had imposed a hiring freeze and budget cuts on the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), adding "All this was caused by the administration."[308]

President Serene Gregg, of the American Federation of Government Employees Local 3148, said MCC is functioning with fewer than 70 percent of the needed correctional officers, forcing many to work mandatory overtime and 60 to 70-hour workweeks.[308][312] In previous congressional testimony, Attorney General Barr admitted the BOP was "short" about 4,000 to 5,000 employees. He had lifted the freeze and was working to recruit sufficient new officers to replace those who had departed.[308]

Epstein's attorneys asked Judge Berman to probe their client's death, alleging they could provide evidence that the incident resulting in his death was "far more consistent with assault" than suicide.[15]

One week after having signed his final will; it had been reported that at least one camera in the hallway outside Epstein's cell had footage that was unusable, although other usable footage was recorded in the area.[284] Two cameras that malfunctioned in front of Epstein's cell were sent to an FBI crime lab for examination.[16] Federal prosecutors subpoenaed up to 20 correctional officers concerning the cause of Epstein's death.[313]

On November 19, 2019, federal prosecutors in New York charged Metropolitan Correctional Center guards Michael Thomas and Tova Noel with creating false records, and with conspiracy, after video footage obtained by prosecutors revealed that Epstein had, against regulation, been in his cell unchecked for eight hours prior to being found dead.[314][315][316] On May 22, 2021, the two guards admitted they falsified records but were spared from any time behind bars under a deal with federal prosecutors.[317]

As part of a deferred prosecution agreement, on May 25, both officers pleaded guilty to falsifying records and conspiracy to defraud the United States. They were sentenced to six months supervisory release and will be required to perform 100 hours of community service.[318]

In popular culture

Graffiti featuring the phrase on an overpass on Interstate 71 in Cincinnati

Epstein's death became the subject of widespread controversy and debate, with the belief that his death was a homicide becoming a popular meme.[319] HBO is creating a limited series on Epstein's life and death to be directed and executive produced by Adam McKay.[320][321] Sony Pictures Television is additionally developing miniseries based on Epstein's life.[322] In the season four finale of the CBS series The Good Fight, the plot revolves around Epstein's death.[323][324] The Netflix documentary series Jeffrey Epstein: Filthy Rich premiered in May 2020.[325] The Lifetime documentary Surviving Jeffrey Epstein premiered in August 2020.[326]

On July 1, 2020, a statue of Epstein appeared in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[327][328]

Footage of Trump and Epstein talking at the 1992 Mar-a-Lago party appears in the 2020 comedy mockumentary Borat Subsequent Moviefilm, where the footage is shown inspiring Borat to gift his teen daughter to someone in Trump's inner circle (with Borat deciding on Mike Pence, and later Rudy Giuliani). Later in the film, one of Borat's children also changes his name to Jeffrey Epstein.[329][330]

References

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Brown, Julie K. (November 28, 2018). "How a future Trump Cabinet member gave a serial sex abuser the deal of a lifetime". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
  2. ^ Who is Jeffrey Epstein? Archived August 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine - The New York Times
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "Jeffrey Epstein Charged in Manhattan Federal Court With Sex Trafficking of Minors" (Press release). U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York. July 8, 2019. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, Paul (January 4, 2015). "Jeffrey Epstein: The rise and fall of teacher turned tycoon". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c Goddard, Chris; De Bortoli, Lillian; J. Saunders, Bernadette; Tucci, Joe (2005). "A Rapist's Camouflage: Child Prostitution". Child Abuse Review. 14 (4): 275–291. doi:10.1002/car.894.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Who Was Jeffrey Epstein Calling? A close study of his circle—social, professional, transactional—reveals a damning portrait of elite New York". New York. July 22, 2019. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  7. ^ Nally, Leland (October 1, 2019). "An Actual Conspiracy Kept Jeffrey Epstein's Accomplices out of Prison". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019. According to [the facts for the] ruling by US District Judge Kenneth Marra in February 2019: 'In addition to his own sexual abuse of the victims, Epstein directed other persons to abuse the girls sexually. Epstein used paid employees to find and bring minor girls to him. Epstein worked in concert with others to obtain minors not only for his own sexual gratification, but also for the sexual gratification of others.'
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Julie K. (November 28, 2018). "Jeffrey Epstein abused teen girls for years, police say. A timeline of his case". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Goldsmith, Samuel (June 30, 2008). "Jeffrey Epstein Pleads Guilty to Prostitution Charges". New York Post. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  10. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (January 2, 2015). "Jeffrey Epstein: the billionaire paedophile with links to Bill Clinton, Kevin Spacey, Robert Maxwell – and Prince Andrew". The Independent. London, England. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Shallwani, Pervaiz; Briquelet, Kate; Siegel, Harry (July 6, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Arrested for Sex Trafficking of Minors". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Chaitin, Daniel (July 7, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein arrested for sex trafficking of minors in Florida and New York". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Zapotosky, Matt; Barrett, Devlin; Merle, Renae; Leonnig, Carol D. (August 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein dead after apparent suicide in New York jail". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  14. ^ Sisak, Michael R.; Balsamo, Michael; Neumeister, Larry (August 17, 2019). "Medical examiner rules Epstein death a suicide by hanging". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Stockler, Asher (August 27, 2019). "Epstein Lawyers say evidence 'far more consistent' with murder than suicide". Newsweek. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c Hosenball, Mark (August 28, 2019). "FBI studies two broken cameras outside cell where Epstein died: source". Reuters. London. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c Neumeister, Larry (August 29, 2019). "Judge ends case against Epstein, with a nod to the accusers". Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c Pierson, Brendan (August 30, 2019). "Case against Jeffrey Epstein dismissed following his death". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Twohey, Megan; Bernstein, Jacob (July 15, 2019). "The 'Lady of the House' Who Was Long Entangled With Jeffrey Epstein". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  20. ^ Hall, Richard; Boyle, Louise (July 2, 2020). "Ghislaine Maxwell 'enticed and groomed' minors for Jeffrey Epstein to abuse, indictment says". The Independent. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  21. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein Confidante Ghislaine Maxwell Arrested, Sources Say". NBC New York. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  22. ^ Helmore, Edward (August 10, 2019). "Who were the rich and powerful people in Jeffrey Epstein's circle?". The Guardian. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
  23. ^ "Why Prince Andrew will now 'never return' to public duties". New Zealand Herald. May 31, 2020.
  24. ^ Dantus, Larry (July 6, 2019). "Pauline Epstein (Stolofsky)". Geni. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c Volscho, Thomas (July 13, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Dodged Questions About Sex With His Dalton Prep-School Students". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b c Daly, Michael (July 15, 2019). "Epstein's Coney Island Days: From Math Nerd to 'Arrogant' Prick". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  27. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Billionaire sex offender Jeffrey Epstein charged with sex trafficking". The Jerusalem Post. July 7, 2019. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  28. ^ Feldman, Ari (July 15, 2019). "What We Know About Jeffrey Epstein's Childhood". The Forward. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  29. ^ Briquelet, Kate (July 12, 2019). "Epstein Had His Own Lodge at Interlochen's Prestigious Arts Camp for Kids". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ward, Vicky (June 27, 2011). "The Talented Mr. Epstein". Vanity Fair. New York City. Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Volscho, Thomas (July 12, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Dodged Questions About Sex With His Dalton Prep-School Students". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Thomas Jr., Landon (October 28, 2002). "Jeffrey Epstein: International Moneyman of Mystery". New York. Archived from the original on December 19, 2002. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Baker, Mike; Harris, Amy Julia (July 12, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Taught at Dalton. His Behavior Was Noticed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019. While Mr. Barr was strict on the school culture, he made it a point to hire teachers from unconventional backgrounds, recalled Susan Semel, [...] It is unclear whether Mr. Barr hired Mr. Epstein during that time.
  34. ^ Maeroff, Gene I. (February 20, 1974). "Barr Quits Dalton School Post, Charging Trustees' Interference". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b Robertson, Linda; Brezel, Aaron (July 16, 2019). "'Poor, smart and desperate to be rich': How Epstein went from teaching to Wall Street". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  36. ^ Voytko, Lisette (August 12, 2019). "Attorney General Barr, Facing Criticism, Blames Jail For Epstein's Death". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b Schuknecht, Cat (July 19, 2019). "A Young Jeffrey Epstein Made An Impression On His High School Students". NPR. Susan Semel, who taught social studies at Dalton from 1965 to 1988 and wrote a book on the school's history, says Barr made several unconventional hires during his time as the head of the school, though it's unclear if he hired Epstein.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b Ferreira, Becky (August 16, 2019). "Epstein Truthers Are Obsessed With a Sci-Fi Book About Child Sex Slavery Written by Bill Barr's Dad". Vice News. It is not known whether Barr, who died in 2004, had a direct role in hiring Epstein.
  39. ^ Klein, Rebecca (July 12, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Was Their Teacher. He Became A Monster". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  40. ^ McHugh, Calder (July 13, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's prep-school students remember their 'flamboyantly' dressed teacher". Yahoo! Finance. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b Patterson, James; Connolly, John (2016). "21". Filthy Rich: A Powerful Billionaire, the Sex Scandal that Undid Him, and All the Justice that Money Can Buy: The Shocking True Story of Jeffrey Epstein. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316362450.
  42. ^ Jump up to: a b c Metcalf, Tom; Melby, Caleb; Alexander, Sophie (July 8, 2019). "Mystery Around Jeffrey Epstein's Fortune and How He Made It". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  43. ^ Gasparino, Charlie (July 26, 2019). "The woes of Jeffrey Epstein: How he maintained Wall Street connections while downplaying child sex accusations". FOXBusiness. Archived from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  44. ^ Patterson, James; Connolly, John (2016). "Chapter 22". Filthy Rich: A Powerful Billionaire, the Sex Scandal that Undid Him, and All the Justice that Money Can Buy: The Shocking True Story of Jeffrey Epstein. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316362450.
  45. ^ Ward, Vicky (August 19, 2019). "I Tried to Warn You About Sleazy Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein in 2003". Daily Beast. Archived from the original on August 26, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b Herron, Janna; McCoy, Kevin (July 14, 2019). "From private island to private jet: What is 'billionaire' Jeffrey Epstein's net worth?". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  47. ^ Kornbluth, Jesse (July 9, 2019). "I was a friend of Jeffrey Epstein; here's what I know". Salon. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  48. ^ Patterson, James; Connolly, John (2016). "Chapter 26". Filthy Rich: A Powerful Billionaire, the Sex Scandal that Undid Him, and All the Justice that Money Can Buy: The Shocking True Story of Jeffrey Epstein. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316362450.
  49. ^ Jump up to: a b Rosser, Nigel (January 22, 2001). "Andrew's Fixer She's the Daughter of Robert Maxwell and She's Manipulating his Jetset Lifestyle". Evening Standard. p. 10. [Epstein] has a licence to carry a concealed weapon, once claimed to have worked for the CIA although he now denies it – and owns properties all over America. Once he arrived at the London home of a British arms dealer bringing a gift – a New York police-issue pump-action riot gun. 'God knows how he got it into the country,' a friend said.
  50. ^ Jump up to: a b c Connor, Tracy (July 17, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's Fake Foreign Passport Was Used in Saudi Arabia and Other Countries". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b c Winter, Tom; Li, David K. (July 15, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein had cash, diamonds and a foreign passport stashed in safe, prosecutors say". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ward, Vicky (July 9, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's Sick Story Played Out for Years in Plain Sight". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  53. ^ Jump up to: a b c Schindler, John R. (July 10, 2019). "It Sure Looks Like Jeffrey Epstein Was a Spy—But Whose?". Observer. New York. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  54. ^ "Company Overview of Towers Financial Corporation". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 20, 2019.[dead link]
  55. ^ Cole, Brendan (July 9, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's mentor says his former protege was ruined by relationship with Bill Clinton: "It inflated his ego"". Newsweek. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  56. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Stewart, James B.; Goldstein, Matthew; Kelly, Kate; Enrich, David (July 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's Fortune May Be More Illusion Than Fact". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  57. ^ "Towers Ponzi Scheme Complaint, Case 1:18-cv-07580" (PDF). United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  58. ^ Briquelet, Kate; Connor, Tracy (July 15, 2019). "Ponzi Scheme Victims Say Epstein Swindled Them". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  59. ^ Petrarca, Emilia (July 9, 2019). "What Is the Link Between Victoria's Secret and Jeffrey Epstein?". New York. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  60. ^ Jump up to: a b Alexander, Sophie; Melby, Caleb; Metcalf, Tom (July 13, 2019). "The Billionaire and the Sex Offender". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  61. ^ Jump up to: a b c Steel, Emily; Eder, Steve; Maheshwari, Sapna; Goldstein, Matthew (July 25, 2019). "How Jeffrey Epstein Used the Billionaire Behind Victoria's Secret for Wealth and Women". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  62. ^ Metcalf, Tom; Farrell, Greg; Kocieniewski, David (July 27, 2019). "The Jeffrey Epstein Guide to Cutting Your Tax Bill by 90%". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b Carr, David (December 22, 2003). "Post-Mortems for a Media Deal Undone". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  64. ^ Carr, David (October 19, 2004). "Radar Magazine Lines Up Financing". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015.
  65. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Hall, Kevin G.; Nehamas, Nicholas (July 18, 2019). "Leaked documents show Jeffrey Epstein kept funds offshore. Can the money even be tracked?". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  66. ^ Jump up to: a b "Liquid Funding, Ltd". Offshore Leaks. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  67. ^ Watson, Rick; Carter, Jeremy (2006). Asset Securitisation and Synthetic Structures: Innovations in the European Credit Markets. Euromoney Books. p. 123. ISBN 9781843742005.
  68. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Celarier, Michelle (July 16, 2019). "How Jeffrey Epstein Lost $80 Million in a Hedge-Fund Bet Gone Bad". New York. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  69. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Brown, Julie K. (November 28, 2018). "For years, Jeffrey Epstein abused teen girls, police say. A timeline of his case". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  70. ^ Morris, Meghan; Sullivan, Casey (July 15, 2019). "Hedge-fund giant Glenn Dubin and his wife, Eva, told Jeffrey Epstein's probation officer they were '100% comfortable' with the sex offender around their kids. New documents show the extent of the billionaire couple's relationship with Epstein". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  71. ^ Boboltz, Sara (July 11, 2019). "A Timeline Of Sex Offender Jeffrey Epstein's Convictions And New Allegations". HuffPost. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  72. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Bear Stearns Hedge Funds Collapse". securitiesarbitration. Archived from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  73. ^ Jump up to: a b Cohan, William D. (March 3, 2009). "The secret history of Bear Stearns' collapse". Fortune. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  74. ^ Siew, Walden (July 17, 2007). "Bear says troubled funds have "very little value"". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  75. ^ Gasparino, Charlie (March 18, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein was said to be a witness against Wall Street; an FBN investigation suggests otherwise". FOXBusiness. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  76. ^ "Barak says he visited Epstein at home, but didn't attend sex parties". The Times of Israel. July 16, 2019. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  77. ^ Weitz, Gidi (July 11, 2019). "Revealed: Jeffrey Epstein Entered Partnership Worth Millions With Ehud Barak in 2015". Haaretz. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  78. ^ Tenbarge, Kat (July 14, 2019). "The former prime minister of Israel defended his business dealings with Jeffrey Epstein: 'You expect me to have noticed?'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019.
  79. ^ Shavit, Ilan (April 14, 2015). "Barak Invests $1 Million in Firm Linked to Military-Industrial Complex". Jewish Business News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  80. ^ Jump up to: a b Bluestone, Gabrielle (August 5, 2019). "Inside the mysterious Manhattan apartment building on East 66th Street, where underage models, lawyers, and key players in Jeffrey Epstein's sex-trafficking circle all live. Ex-Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak is a frequent visitor". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  81. ^ Jump up to: a b Shugerman, Emily (August 5, 2019). "Israeli Politician Ehud Barak Often Crashed at Epstein Apartment Building, Neighbors Say". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  82. ^ Jump up to: a b Donnelly, Shannon (April 27, 2008). "Jeffrey Epstein at the Tel Aviv Hilton in Israel". Palm Beach Daily News. p. A17. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  83. ^ "Second Thoughts". Page Six. May 8, 2008. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  84. ^ Bhagat, Pooja (January 7, 2015). "Prince Andrew Might Have Been Caught on Tape With 'Sex Slave'". International Business Times. New York City. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved November 8, 2016. According to reports, papers filed against his friend Jeffrey Epstein in 2006 mentioned that he had installed hidden cameras everywhere in his property to record the indecent acts of important people with underage prostitutes for further criminal use such as blackmail.
  85. ^ Grigoriadis, Vanessa (August 12, 2019). ""They're nothing, these girls": Unraveling the mystery of Ghislaine Maxwell, Epstein's enabler". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  86. ^ Marra, Andrew (August 14, 2006). "The Man Who Had Everything: Jeffrey Epstein craved big homes, elite friends and underage girls". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  87. ^ Jump up to: a b Mason, Christopher (January 11, 1996). "Home Sweet Elsewhere". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  88. ^ Mason, Anthony (November 18, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein accuser says his house had cameras "monitoring private moments"". CBS News. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  89. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Lewis, Paul; Swaine, Jon (January 10, 2015). "Jeffrey Epstein: Inside the decade of scandal entangling Prince Andrew". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on May 22, 2016.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b Stanglin, Doug (July 10, 2019). "Inside Jeffrey Epstein's New York mansion: 'Vast trove' of lewd photos, a life-size doll and other oddities". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  91. ^ Stewart, James B. (August 12, 2019). "The Day Jeffrey Epstein Told Me He Had Dirt on Powerful People". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  92. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Weiss, Philip (December 10, 2007). "The Fantasist". New York. Archived from the original on October 17, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  93. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Billionaire in Palm Beach sex scandal; Investigators: Moneyman Jeffrey Epstein solicited teen masseuses". The Smoking Gun. July 26, 2006. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015.
  94. ^ Brown, Julie K. (November 28, 2018). "Cops worked to put serial sex abuser in prison. Prosecutors worked to cut him a break". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  95. ^ Jump up to: a b Sarnoff, Conchita (August 19, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein, Billionaire Pedophile, Goes Free". Daily Beast. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b Marra, Andrew (August 14, 2006). "Jeffrey Epstein craved big homes, elite friends – and, investigators say, underage girls". The Palm Beach Post. GateHouse Media. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
  97. ^ McCoy, Kevin; Kelly, Cara; Phillips, Kristine (August 23, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein is dead. Prosecutors could still go after his inner circle if they helped him prey on young girls". USA Today.
  98. ^ Dickinson, Tim (August 12, 2019). "Court Documents Reveal Epstein's Incriminating Sex-Slave Study Habits".
  99. ^ Gerstein, Josh (July 7, 2015). "Judge unseals more details in Jeffrey Epstein underage sex lawsuit". Politico. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  100. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Brown, Julie K. (November 28, 2018). "Even from jail, sex abuser manipulated the system. His victims were kept in the dark". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on December 1, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  101. ^ Ziff, Sarah (July 22, 2019). "What Modeling Taught Me About Jeffrey Epstein". the Cut. New York. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  102. ^ Legendre, Benjamin (August 20, 2019). "French model tycoon at heart of Epstein scandal accusations". Yahoo/AP. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  103. ^ "Palm Beach Police Dep't Probable Cause Affidavit". The Smoking Gun. May 1, 2006. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015.
  104. ^ "Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein arrested on sex trafficking charges". July 7, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  105. ^ "Indictment: Billionaire Solicited 3 Times". July 1, 2008. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  106. ^ Jump up to: a b Keller, Larry (February 6, 2008). "Second teen-sex suit seeks $50 million from Jeffrey Epstein". The Palm Beach Post. GateHouse Media. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008.
  107. ^ Goodnough, Abby (September 3, 2006). "Questions of Preferential Treatment Are Raised in Florida Sex Case". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  108. ^ Lambiet, Jose (September 12, 2007). "Lewinsky prosecutor joins defense of Clinton crony". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  109. ^ "Steven Pinker's aid in Jeffrey Epstein's legal defense renews criticism of the increasingly divisive public intellectual". www.insidehighered.com. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  110. ^ "Timeline of the Jeffrey Epstein sex abuse case". Miami Herald. November 28, 2018. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  111. ^ Jump up to: a b North, Anna (July 31, 2019). "Alan Dershowitz helped sex offender Jeffrey Epstein get a plea deal. Now he's tweeting about age of consent laws". Vox.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  112. ^ North, Anna (August 14, 2019). "Why the Jeffrey Epstein case inspires so many conspiracy theories". Vox. Archived from the original on November 30, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  113. ^ Raymond, Adam K. (July 16, 2019). "Lawyer: Epstein's Abuse Continued While He Was on Work Release From Jail". Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  114. ^ Fitzpatrick, Sarah; Winter, Tom; Welker, Kristen; Jackson, Hallie; Schapiro, Rich (February 22, 2019). "Judge: Prosecutors broke law in deal with sex offender Jeffrey Epstein". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  115. ^ Jump up to: a b Sales, Ben (July 11, 2019). "Alan Dershowitz helped Jeffrey Epstein secure his controversial plea deal. He has no regrets". Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  116. ^ Scannell, Kara (November 12, 2020). "DOJ review finds Alex Acosta used 'poor judgment' in Jeffrey Epstein deal". CNN. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  117. ^ Jump up to: a b Swaine, Jon (January 13, 2015). "Jeffrey Epstein's donations to young pupils prompts US Virgin Islands review". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016.
  118. ^ Jump up to: a b Rosza, Lori (July 19, 2019). "For 'client' Jeffrey Epstein, an unlocked cell in a Florida jail". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  119. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein, sex offenders qualified for work release under PBSO's 2007 policy". August 6, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  120. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein: Jail records show sex offender got special treatment". July 19, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  121. ^ "Why was Jeffrey Epstein allowed to purchase small women's panties from the Palm Beach jail?". August 17, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  122. ^ Dargan, Michele (November 22, 2011). "Jeffrey Epstein must register as NY's highest level sex offender". Palm Beach Daily News. GateHouse Media. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016.
  123. ^ Sutherland, Amber (February 25, 2011). "Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein: I'm a sex offender, not a predator". New York Post. Tronc. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015.
  124. ^ Vazquez, Maegan; Acosta, Jim (July 12, 2019). "Acosta resigns amid furor over Epstein plea deal". CNN. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  125. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ciarelli, Nicholas M. (September 13, 2006). "Harvard to Keep Epstein Gift". The Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2007.
  126. ^ Dargan, Michele (June 18, 2010). "Former Epstein house manager Alfredo Rodriguez sentenced to 18 months". Palm Beach Daily News. Archived from the original on March 13, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
  127. ^ Spencer-Wendel, Susan (February 1, 2010). "Ex-Epstein worker faces obstruction charges". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
  128. ^ "'Jane Doe' v. Jeffrey Epstein: Billionaire faces $50M sexual assault lawsuit". FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. February 6, 2008. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014.
  129. ^ Keller, Larry (March 5, 2008). "Third alleged victim files sex suit against Jeffrey Epstein". The Palm Beach Post. GateHouse Media. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008.
  130. ^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, Paul; Ball, James (January 3, 2015). "Prince Andrew named in U.S. lawsuit over underage sex claims". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016.
  131. ^ Rush, George; Molloy, Joanna (January 10, 2010). "Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein shells out more money in latest sex abuse lawsuit". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014.
  132. ^ Sherwell, Philip (April 7, 2015). "Prince Andrew sex abuse allegation thrown out by judge". The Daily Telegraph. London, England. Archived from the original on July 19, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  133. ^ Gerstein, Josh (December 31, 2014). "Woman who sued convicted billionaire over sex abuse levels claims at his friends". Politico. Arlington, Virginia: Capitol News Company. Archived from the original on January 4, 2015.
  134. ^ Jump up to: a b "US judge strikes out Prince Andrew sex claims". BBC News. April 7, 2015. Archived from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  135. ^ Murphy, Sean P. (April 7, 2015). "Judge drops Dershowitz from lawsuit involving 'lurid' allegations". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  136. ^ Lewis, Paul (January 4, 2015). "Jeffrey Epstein: the rise and fall of teacher turned tycoon". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016.
  137. ^ Jump up to: a b Flores, Rosa; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (December 4, 2018). "Millionaire sex offender Jeffrey Epstein apologizes in settling malicious prosecution suit". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. Archived from the original on December 4, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  138. ^ Swaine, Jon (April 7, 2015). "Judge orders Prince Andrew sex allegations struck from court record". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016.
  139. ^ Gerstein, Josh (February 21, 2019). "Judge: Prosecutors violated law in dealings with Jeffrey Epstein victims". Politico. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  140. ^ Wiliams, Timothy (January 6, 2015). "Alan Dershowitz Denies Suit's Allegations of Sex With a Minor". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  141. ^ Stieb, Matt (July 10, 2019). "Everything We Know About Jeffrey Epstein's Private 'Pedophile Island'". Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  142. ^ Hartfield, Elizabeth (April 17, 2019). "Alleged victim of Jeffrey Epstein files a defamation lawsuit against Alan Dershowitz". CNN. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
  143. ^ Withnall, Adam (February 8, 2015). "Virginia Roberts claims FBI has videos of her having underage sex with Jeffrey Epstein and 'powerful friends'". The Independent. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  144. ^ Swaine, Jon (February 7, 2015). "Jeffrey Epstein accuser: video exists of underage sex with powerful men". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  145. ^ Withnall, Adam (January 4, 2015). "Teenage 'sex slave' Virginia Roberts claims she was paid $15,593.58 by Jeffrey Epstein to have sex with Prince Andrew". The Independent. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015.
  146. ^ Han, Esther (January 6, 2015). "Virginia Roberts' new lease on life after escaping from billionaire sexual predator Jeffrey Epstein". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015.
  147. ^ Boren, Zachary (January 5, 2015). "Prince Andrew 'sex slave' scandal: Virginia Roberts 'met the Queen'". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Roberts' father claims she was introduced to the Queen, but Buckingham Palace has 'no record' of a meeting.
  148. ^ "U.S. lawyer Dershowitz sues in Prince Andrew sex claim case". BBC News. January 6, 2015. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015.
  149. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (January 14, 2015). "Virginia Roberts: 'Sex slave diary' published containing alleged intimate details about Prince Andrew". The Independent. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015.
  150. ^ Rayner, Gordon; Crilly, Rob (January 21, 2015). "Prince Andrew under renewed pressure to speak about 'sex abuse' claims after flight logs emerge". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016.
  151. ^ Jump up to: a b Mansoor, Sanya. "'Only One of Us Is Telling the Truth.' The Biggest Moments From Prince Andrew Accuser Virginia Giuffre's BBC Interview". time.com. Time. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
  152. ^ Greenslade, Roy (January 5, 2015). "Prince Andrew story runs and runs – but editors should beware". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  153. ^ Jump up to: a b Mangan, Dan; Breuninger, Kevin (August 9, 2019). "Court releases documents about Jeffrey Epstein, accused in sex traffic case, and his alleged procurer Ghislaine Maxwell". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  154. ^ Jump up to: a b c Briquelet, Kate; Baker, Katie; Miller, Justin; Melendez, Pilar; Connor, Tracy (August 9, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Accuser Names Powerful Men in Alleged Sex Ring". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  155. ^ Larson, Erik (September 3, 2019). "'John Doe' Wants to Keep Documents Sealed in Epstein Suit". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  156. ^ Gerstein, Josh (November 4, 2016). "Woman suing Trump over alleged teen rape drops suit, again". Politico. Arlington, Virginia: Capitol News Company. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  157. ^ Gerstein, Josh; Noah, Timothy (November 3, 2016). "Trump teen rape accuser abruptly calls off news conference". Politico. Arlington, Virginia: Capitol News Company. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  158. ^ "California suit, Case 5:16-cv-00797-DMG-KS". April 26, 2016. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018.
  159. ^ "New York suit, Case 1:16-cv-07673". September 30, 2016. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019.
  160. ^ Vogel, Kenneth P. (December 31, 2017). "Partisans, Wielding Money, Begin Seeking to Exploit Harassment Claims". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  161. ^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Julie K. (July 7, 2019). "With Jeffrey Epstein locked up, these are nervous times for his friends, enablers". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  162. ^ Jump up to: a b c Arnold, Amanda (July 12, 2019). "Everything We Know About Ghislaine Maxwell, Jeffrey Epstein's Alleged Madam". New York. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  163. ^ Romo, Vanessa (December 4, 2018). "Sex Offender Jeffrey Epstein Settles Defamation Suit, Silencing Women's Testimony". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  164. ^ Brown, Julie K. (April 16, 2019). "New Jeffrey Epstein accuser goes public; defamation lawsuit targets Dershowitz". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  165. ^ Jump up to: a b Hong, Nicole; O'Brien, Rebecca Davis (July 11, 2019). "Following Epstein's Arrest, Spotlight Shifts to Financier's Longtime Associate". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  166. ^ Corbett, Rachel (July 9, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's Latest Accuser Is an Artist Who Claims the Billionaire Sex Offender Lured Her in With Promises to Help Her Career". Artnet News. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  167. ^ Orjoux, Alanne (July 10, 2019). "New alleged victim of Jeffrey Epstein says he raped her when she was 15". CNN. Archived from the original on February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  168. ^ "New Jeffrey Epstein accuser: He raped me when I was 15". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  169. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (August 14, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein rape accuser Jennifer Araoz sues 'enablers' Ghislaine Maxwell, 3 others". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  170. ^ Vitagliano, Brian (October 8, 2019). "Lawsuit against Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell names more defendants". CNN. Archived from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  171. ^ Nadeau, Barbie (August 20, 2019). "Epstein Victim Says He Forced Her to Marry Female Recruiter". Daily Beast. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  172. ^ Pierson, Brendan (August 20, 2019). "Three More Women Sue Epstein's Estate Over Alleged Abuse". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  173. ^ Brown, Julie K. (September 18, 2019). "New York accuser of Jeffrey Epstein, who says she was recruited for sex at 14, sues estate". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  174. ^ McKinley, Jesse (November 17, 2019). "Why These 5 Accusers of Jeffrey Epstein Want More Than Money". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  175. ^ Griffith, Janelle (November 18, 2019). "New Jeffrey Epstein accuser sues his estate, calls on Prince Andrew to speak under oath". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  176. ^ Jump up to: a b Lemieux, Melissa (November 21, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's estate sued by woman alleging he kept her dependent on him and repeatedly raped her". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  177. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein: newest accuser comes forward, says she was 'perfect victim'". The Guardian. November 21, 2019. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  178. ^ Jump up to: a b Donaghue, Erin (November 19, 2019). "New Jeffrey Epstein accusers push for protections for adult sex abuse survivors". CBS News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  179. ^ Hall, Kevin G. (January 3, 2020). "In latest Jeffrey Epstein lawsuit, Palm Beach woman says she was abused as a 14-year-old". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on January 5, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  180. ^ Jump up to: a b Allyn, Bobby (January 16, 2020). "U.S. Virgin Islands Officials: Epstein Trafficked Girls On Private Island Until 2018". NPR.org. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  181. ^ Jump up to: a b Hill, James (January 30, 2020). "Victims allege Ghislaine Maxwell is purposefully evading justice system". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  182. ^ Al-Arshani, Sarah. "9 accusers bring new lawsuit against Epstein's estate, alleging sexual abuse dating back to 1978, including an accusation that Epstein raped an 11-year-old". Business Insider. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  183. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein's Estate Sued for Sexual Assault, Battery of 18 Year Old". TheWrap. August 26, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  184. ^ Brown, Julie K. (March 30, 2021). "A lawsuit names Jeffrey Epstein, Maxwell and alleges actions sinister even by his standards". The Miami Herald. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  185. ^ Brown, Julie K. (July 6, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein arrested on sex trafficking charges". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  186. ^ Jump up to: a b c Santiago, Ellyn (July 8, 2019). "Here's the $77M Mansion the Feds Want to Seize from Jeffrey Epstein". Heavy. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  187. ^ "JEFFREY EPSTEIN ARRESTED ON SEX-TRAFFICKING CHARGES". July 7, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  188. ^ McLaughlin, Kelly (July 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein is now neighbors with El Chapo and Paul Manafort in a notorious Manhattan jail". Insider. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  189. ^ Ben-Menashe, Ari (2015). "Introduction". Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network. Trine Day. p. 9. ISBN 9781634240505.
  190. ^ Jump up to: a b Drury, Colin (July 25, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein: Billionaire paedophile 'found with neck injuries in jail'". The Independent. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  191. ^ Dunleavy, Jerry (July 15, 2019). "Found in Epstein's NYC mansion: Foreign passport, underage porn, cash, diamonds, and more". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  192. ^ Denney, Andrew; Sheehy, Kate (July 15, 2019). "Feds find diamonds, fake passport at Epstein's townhouse". New York Post. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  193. ^ Winter, Tom; Schapiro, Rich (July 16, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's lawyers: He had a doctored passport to ward off hijackers". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  194. ^ "Epstein lawyers claim fake passport was needed to hide Jewishness". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  195. ^ Dienst, Jonathan (July 6, 2019). "Billionaire Jeffrey Epstein Arrested in NYC: Sources". NBC New York. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  196. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein: US financier 'charged with sex trafficking'". BBC News. July 7, 2019. Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  197. ^ Jump up to: a b Mangan, Dan; Breuninger, Kevin (July 18, 2019). "Judge denies Jeffrey Epstein bail in child sex trafficking case, citing 'danger' to public". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  198. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Watkins, Ali; Ivory, Danielle; Goldbaum, Christina (August 17, 2019). "Inmate 76318-054: The Last Days of Jeffrey Epstein". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 18, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  199. ^ Dienst, Jonathan (July 24, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Found Injured in NYC Jail Cell After Possible Suicide Attempt: Sources". WNBC. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  200. ^ Robertson, James; Heger, Jen (July 25, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Suspected Of Attempting Suicide In Jail". RadarOnline. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  201. ^ Jump up to: a b Rashbaum, William K.; Weiser, Benjamin; Gold, Michael (July 25, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Is Found Injured in Jail Cell". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  202. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Dienst, Jonathan; Winter, Tom (July 25, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein found injured with marks on his neck in New York jail cell, sources say". NBC News. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  203. ^ Crouin, Antoine; Siad, Arnaud (September 11, 2019). "Three alleged victims come forward in rape investigation into Jeffrey Epstein in Paris, prosecutor's office says". CNN. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  204. ^ Jump up to: a b Cohan, William D. (July 22, 2019). "How Jeffrey Epstein Worked Wall Street". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  205. ^ Jump up to: a b c Kantor, Jodi; McIntire, Mike; Friedman, Vanessa (July 13, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Was a Sex Offender. The Powerful Welcomed Him Anyway". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019. A writer employed by his foundation churned out the news releases, and Drew Hendricks, the supposed author of a Forbes story calling Mr. Epstein "one of the largest backers of cutting edge science", conceded in an interview that he was given $600 to post the pre-written article under his own name. (Forbes removed the piece after The New York Times published its article.)
  206. ^ Arciga, Julia (December 18, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Wanted to Marry Teenage Daughter of Ex-Girlfriend: Report". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  207. ^ Patterson, James; Connolly, John (2016). "Chapter: Epilogue". Filthy Rich: A Powerful Billionaire, the Sex Scandal that Undid Him, and All the Justice that Money Can Buy: The Shocking True Story of Jeffrey Epstein. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316362450. Photo: (L to R) Jeffrey Epstein, Ghislaine Maxwell, and Tony Randall, who presided over a November 1991 YIVO Institute event at the Plaza Hotel to honor the late Robert Maxwell (Marina Garnier)
  208. ^ Jump up to: a b Schneier, Matthew (July 15, 2019). "Ghislaine Maxwell, The Socialite on Jeffrey Epstein's Arm". New York. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  209. ^ Leland Nally (August 23, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein, my very, very sick pal". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  210. ^ Wolff, Michael (2018). Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House. New York City: Henry Holt and Company. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-250-15806-2.
  211. ^ Fisher, Marc (March 21, 2017). "Trump's Labor nominee Acosta cut deal with billionaire in underage sex abuse case". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved August 12, 2018 – via Chicago Tribune.
  212. ^ Harris, Paul (March 12, 2011). "Prince Andrew's link to sex offender Jeffrey Epstein taints royalty in US". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016.
  213. ^ Jaeger, Max (September 8, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein, Harvey Weinstein attended party for Prince Andrew's daughter". New York Post. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  214. ^ Fisher, Marc (July 9, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein, accused of sexually abusing teenage girls, surrounded himself with influential network of defenders". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  215. ^ Farrell, Greg (July 9, 2019). "If You Flew Epstein's 'Lolita Express' Private Jet—the Feds Want to Talk to You". Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  216. ^ Sommer, Allison Kaplan (July 7, 2019). "Netanyahu Trades Barbs With Barak Over Epstein Sex Trafficking Scandal". Haaretz. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  217. ^ Stewart, James B. (August 12, 2019). "The Day Jeffrey Epstein Told Me He Had Dirt on Powerful People". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  218. ^ Perez, Chris (July 9, 2019). "Bill Clinton claims he 'knows nothing' about Jeffrey Epstein's alleged sex crimes". New York Post. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019. He had one meeting with Epstein in his Harlem office in 2002, and around the same time made one brief visit to Epstein's New York apartment with a staff member and his security detail. He's not spoken to Epstein in well over a decade, and he has never been to Little St. James Island, Epstein's ranch in New Mexico, or his residence in Florida."
  219. ^ March, Mary Tyler (July 12, 2019). "Acosta out as Trump Labor secretary". The Hill. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019. 'It shows you one thing, that I have good taste. OK. Now other people, they went all over with him they went to his island. They went all over the place. He was very well known in Palm Beach. His island, whatever this island was, wherever it is, I was never there. Find out the people that went to the island,' Trump said.
  220. ^ Ostler, Catherine (January 29, 2015). "Jeffrey Epstein: The Sex Offender Who Mixes With Princes and Premiers". Newsweek. Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  221. ^ Whalen, Andrew (July 9, 2019). "What is the Lolita Express? Epstein's infamous sex plane included VIPS like Bill Clinton". Newsweek. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
  222. ^ Santiago, Fabiola (August 16, 2019). "A match made in hell: Epstein, Fidel Castro, and the Lolita Express that flew to Cuba". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  223. ^ Jump up to: a b Reinhard, Beth; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Fisher, Marc (July 31, 2019). "Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein partied together. Then an oceanfront Palm Beach mansion came between them". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  224. ^ Fahrenthold, David A.; Reinhard, Beth; Kindy, Kimberly (July 8, 2019). "Trump called Epstein a 'terrific guy' who enjoyed 'younger' women before denying relationship with him". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 1, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019. Epstein's brother, Mark, recalled in 2009 that Trump had flown on Epstein's plane at least once
  225. ^ Walsh, James D. (July 15, 2019). "Remembering the Time Jeffrey Epstein Rode on Donald Trump's Plane". New York. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  226. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein, friend of presidents and princes, charged with sex trafficking". France24. Reuters, AP. July 8, 2019. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  227. ^ Whalen, Andrew (July 9, 2019). "What Is The Lolita Express? Epstein's Infamous Sex Plane Included VIPs Like Bill Clinton". Newsweek. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  228. ^ Jump up to: a b c Zimmerman, Malia (May 13, 2016). "Flight logs show Bill Clinton flew on sex offender's jet much more than previously known". Fox News. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016. 26 trips aboard the "Lolita Express" -- even apparently ditching his Secret Service detail for at least five of the flights
  229. ^ Colvin, Jill (July 9, 2019). "What did Jeffrey Epstein's famous friends know and see?". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  230. ^ Morin, Rebecca (July 10, 2019). "Spokesman: Bill Clinton 'knows nothing' about 'terrible crimes' alleged against Epstein". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 28, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  231. ^ Miles, Frank (July 7, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's alleged sex trafficking involved locations in NY, Virgin Islands, Florida, NM ranch: attorney". Fox News. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  232. ^ Smiley, David; Daugherty, Alex (July 9, 2019). "Trump backs Acosta as NY case renews criticism of Epstein's Florida deal". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019. But he said Tuesday that they had a falling out and hadn't spoken in 15 years.
  233. ^ Colvin, Jill; Fram, Alan (July 10, 2019). "Trump Defends Labor Secretary Acosta But Will Look 'Very Closely' Into the Epstein Plea Deal". Time. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019. Trump—who had once praised the financier as "a terrific guy"—distanced himself from the hedge-fund manager now charged with abusing minors, saying the two had had a falling-out 15 or so years ago
  234. ^ Jump up to: a b Hall, Colby (July 17, 2019). "Trump and Jeffrey Epstein Footage Mar a Lago in 1992". Mediaite. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  235. ^ Schwartz, Ian (July 9, 2019). "Trump: "Not A Fan" Of Jeffrey Epstein; "Feel Very Badly" For Alex Acosta". realclearpolitics. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  236. ^ Saunders, Debra J. (July 9, 2019). "Trump backs Labor secretary as Democrats demand resignation". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019. news reports dating to 2007, Trump's Palm Beach resort Mar-a-Lago barred Epstein from the premises because of his unseemly pursuit of young females.
  237. ^ Patterson, James; Connolly, John (2017). Filthy Rich: A Powerful Billionaire, the Sex Scandal that Undid Him, and All the Justice that Money Can Buy: The Shocking True Story of Jeffrey Epstein. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316362450. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. It cost $100,000 to join the club. Members paid $14,000 yearly in dues. And although Epstein had never properly joined the club, Trump's friendship with Ghislaine Maxwell gave Epstein unlimited use of the facilities.
  238. ^ Marc Fisher (December 3, 2018). "Palm Beach trial could reveal details of billionaire's alleged abuse of teen girls". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019. Trump barred Epstein from Mar-a-Lago "because Epstein sexually assaulted an underage girl at the club," according to court documents
  239. ^ Raymond, Adam K. (July 11, 2019). "What We Learned From James Patterson's Jeffrey Epstein Book". New York. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019. Epstein was banned from Trump's Palm Beach club, where he was never an official member, after he invited a young woman he met there back to his house. She went, and Epstein tried to get her to undress. The girl refused and told her father, who went to Trump.
  240. ^ "Epstein v. Edwards, et al. EXHIBITN Case No.: 50 2009 CA 040800W(MBAG" (PDF). squarespace. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019. I learned through a source that Trump banned Epstein from his Maralago Club.
  241. ^ Danner, Chas; Stieb, Matt; Raymond, Adam K. (July 8, 2019). "Everything We Know About the Sex Crimes Case Against Jeffrey Epstein". New York. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  242. ^ Reigner, Adam (July 7, 2019). "Bradley Edwards, Epstein's victims lawyer, on Trump kicking #Epstein out of Mar-A-Lago, "I've heard the rumor that Epstein was kicked out of there for allegedly trying to pick up someone's daughter, I think I did chase that down as far as I could and was never able to confirm it." pic.twitter.com/N8Uthyjsh1". Archived from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  243. ^ Lutz, Eric (July 9, 2019). "Clinton and Trump Plead Ignorance as Epstein's Old Friends Begin to Sweat". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  244. ^ Jump up to: a b Parker, Emily; Shugerman, Suzi (July 24, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Visited Clinton White House Multiple Times in Early '90s". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 28, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  245. ^ Melendez, Pilar (July 11, 2019). "Bill Clinton Failed to Mention His Intimate 1995 Dinner With Epstein". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  246. ^ Jump up to: a b Pasley, James (July 18, 2019). "Inside the relationship of Trump and convicted sex offender Epstein, from party buddies to 'not a fan'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  247. ^ Wolff, Michael (2018). Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9781250158079.
  248. ^ Bernard, Sarah; Schoeneman, Deborah (April 25, 2003). "The Dish On Dinner". New York. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019. Alas, Clinton—around whom the evening had been organized—never showed...Guest list: Mort Zuckerman, Google co-founder Sergey Brin, David Blaine, Donald Trump, Leslie Wexner of the Limited, disgraced British Cabinet minister Peter Mandelson, Bill Clinton aide Doug Band
  249. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Stieb, Matt (July 9, 2019). "How Jeffrey Epstein Made His Money: Four Wild Theories". New York. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  250. ^ Burleigh, Nina (August 15, 2019). "With Jeffrey Epstein Dead, the Search Is on for Alleged Recruiter Ghislaine Maxwell". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  251. ^ Bensinger (BuzzFeed), Ken. "EXHIBITS STM UNDISPUTED FACTS Part1(a)". www.documentcloud.org. p. 605. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  252. ^ Jump up to: a b Kirsch, Noah (July 8, 2019). "Why Sex Offender Jeffrey Epstein Is Not A Billionaire". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  253. ^ Van Voris, Bob; Robinson, Matt; Hurtado, Patricia (July 12, 2019). "Epstein Is Worth $500 Million and Is Flight Risk, U.S. Says". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  254. ^ Naham, Matt (July 12, 2019). "Federal Prosecutors Shed Light on Jeffrey Epstein's Wealth in Effort to Keep Him Locked Up". Law & Crime. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  255. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (July 12, 2019). "Epstein Paid $350,000 to Possible Witnesses Against Him, Prosecutors Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019. The prosecutors, in asking Judge Richard M. Berman of Federal District Court to deny Mr. Epstein's bail request, offered new information about his holdings. They described him as 'extravagantly wealthy', saying he was worth more than $500 million and earned at least $10 million per year, according to the records.
  256. ^ Metcalf, Tom; Melby, Caleb; Alexander, Sophie (July 8, 2019). "Mystery Around Jeffrey Epstein's Fortune and How He Made It". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  257. ^ Hall, Kevin G. (February 3, 2021). "Biggest cut of Jeffrey Epstein's fortune goes to a non-victim — the U.S. Treasury". Miami Herald. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  258. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein's alleged victims demand freeze on estate assets". ABC News. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  259. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Haag, Matthew (July 8, 2019). "$56 Million Upper East Side Mansion Where Epstein Allegedly Abused Girls". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  260. ^ Watkins, Ali; Wang, Vivian (July 7, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Is Accused of Luring Girls to His Manhattan Mansion and Abusing Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  261. ^ Jump up to: a b c Peterson, Spencer (January 9, 2015). "The property holdings of financier Jeffrey Epstein". Curbed. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  262. ^ Widdicomb, Ben (August 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Installed a Mural of a Prison Yard at His Townhouse". Town and Country Mag. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  263. ^ Hofheinz, Darrell (July 8, 2019). "Palm Beach house in the spotlight in Epstein case". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  264. ^ Oswald, Mark (July 8, 2019). "Billionaire in sex crime case has NM ties". Albuquerque Journal. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  265. ^ Jennings, Trip (August 16, 2006). "Gov. to Give Away $50,000 Campaign Gift". Albuquerque Journal. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  266. ^ Stieb, Matt (July 10, 2019). "Everything We Know About Jeffrey Epstein's Private 'Pedophile Island'". New York. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  267. ^ Levin, Jonathan; Farrell, Greg; Metcalf, Tom (July 12, 2019). "Mystery surrounds Jeffrey Epstein's private island in the Caribbean". Los Angeles Times. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  268. ^ Andrew Denney (May 9, 2019). "Billionaire pedophile Jeffrey Epstein illegally building Virgin Islands compound". New York Post. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  269. ^ Gray, Rosie (July 14, 2019). "The State Department Once Rented a Townhouse Seized from Iran to Jeffrey Epstein—Then Sued Him for Subletting It". Buzzfeed News. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  270. ^ Bredderman, Will (July 11, 2019). "Unraveling the web of Epstein's Manhattan real estate". Crain's New York Business. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  271. ^ Nestel, M. L. (February 13, 2015). "The Dead Model and the Dirty Billionaire". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on May 15, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  272. ^ Haley, Grace (December 4, 2018). "Billionaire sex offender Epstein gave heavily to Democrats, until he didn't". OpenSecrets News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019. From 1989 up until 2003, Epstein donated more than $139,000 to Democratic federal candidates and committees and over $18,000 to Republican candidates and groups, according to data from OpenSecrets. Notable recipients include Bill Clinton and former Senator Bob Packwood, an Oregon Republican. In 2003, a couple of years before a full-scale investigation into the allegations of sexual exploitation of underage girls, his political giving abruptly stopped.
  273. ^ Daly, Michael (August 6, 2019). "Epstein Seen With Young Girls as He Shopped for 'Baby Ranch' in New Mexico". DailyBeast. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  274. ^ Jump up to: a b c Greenberg, Zoe (July 11, 2019). "How Jeffrey Epstein made himself into a 'Harvard man". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  275. ^ Jump up to: a b Scharnick, Jaquelyn M. (May 1, 2003). "Mogul Donor Gives Harvard More Than Money". The Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  276. ^ Hill, James; Mosk, Matthew (February 11, 2016). "Victims: Feds Hid 'Sweetheart' Deal for Sex Offender With Deep Political Ties". ABC. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  277. ^ Jump up to: a b Oppenheimer, Mark (July 20, 2015). "The Illusionist". Tablet. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  278. ^ Ingram, David (March 5, 2015). "Exclusive: New York attorney general seeks information on financier Epstein's philanthropy". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 6, 2015.
  279. ^ Brezel, Aaron (July 24, 2019). "Here's exactly how Jeffrey Epstein spent $30 million". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  280. ^ Jump up to: a b Millward, David (August 22, 2019). "Scientists apologise for accepting money from Jeffrey Epstein as academia engulfed by scandal". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  281. ^ Stewart, James B.; Goldstein, Jacob; Silver-Greenberg, Jessica (July 31, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Hoped to Seed Human Race With His DNA". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  282. ^ Miller, Ryan W. (August 1, 2019). "3 startling takeaways from the New York Times' report on Jeffrey Epstein, DNA obsession". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  283. ^ Steig, Corey (August 1, 2019). "What Is Transhumanism & Why Is Jeffrey Epstein Into It?". Refinery29. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  284. ^ Jump up to: a b Leonnig, Carol D.; Zapotosky, Matt (August 26, 2019). "Investigators scrutinizing video outside Epstein's cell find some footage unusable, according to people familiar with the inquiry". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  285. ^ Helmore, Edward (August 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein dies after apparent suicide in New York jail". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  286. ^ Jump up to: a b Watkins, Ali (August 10, 2019). "Why Wasn't Jeffrey Epstein on Suicide Watch When He Died?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  287. ^ Jump up to: a b Benner, Katie; Ivory, Danielle; Jr, Richard A. Oppel (August 11, 2019). "Before Jail Suicide, Epstein Was Left Alone and Not Closely Monitored". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 11, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  288. ^ Zapotsky, Matt; Barrett, Devlin (August 11, 2019). "Correction officers, did not check on Epstein for several hours before his death, violating protocol, person familiar with the case says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  289. ^ Benner, Katie; Ivory, Danielle (August 13, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Death: 2 Guards Slept Through Checks and Falsified Records". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  290. ^ Rashbaum, William K.; Weiser, Benjamin; Gold, Michael (August 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein Dead in Suicide at Jail, Spurring Inquiries". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  291. ^ Winter, Tom; Dienst, Jonathan; McCausland, Phil (August 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein, accused sex trafficker, is dead by apparent suicide, found in his Manhattan jail cell". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  292. ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica (August 11, 2019). "William Barr 'appalled' by Jeffrey Epstein's death, announces Justice Department watchdog investigation". CNN. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  293. ^ Golding, Bruce; Hamilton, Brad (August 11, 2019). "There's 'no way' Jeffrey Epstein killed himself, a former NYC jail inmate says". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 11, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  294. ^ Johnson, Alex; Madani, Doha; Winter, Tom (August 11, 2019). "After autopsy, cause of Jeffrey Epstein's death awaits 'further information'". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  295. ^ Jeffrey Epstein Blood Vessels in eyes popped during hanging., TMZ, August 15, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  296. ^ Leonnig, Carol; Davis, Aaron (August 14, 2019). "Autopsy finds broken bones in Jeffrey Epstein's neck, deepening questions around his death". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  297. ^ Wecht, Cyril. "Jeffrey Epstein's death ruled suicide by hanging". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  298. ^ Sisak, Michael R.; Balsamo, Michael; Neumeister, Larry (August 17, 2019). "Medical examiner rules Epstein death a suicide by hanging". AP News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  299. ^ Frias, Lauren (August 16, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's lawyers blast 'medieval conditions' at federal jail where he died by suicide and say they are launching their own investigation". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 18, 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  300. ^ Paybarah, Azi (October 30, 2019). "Epstein's Autopsy 'Points to Homicide,' Pathologist Hired by Brother Claims". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  301. ^ Jump up to: a b DeGregory, Priscilla; Sheehy, Kate (August 19, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein signed will just two days before suicide". New York Post. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  302. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein's body claimed by unidentified 'associate'". NBC News. August 14, 2019. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  303. ^ Shallwani, Pervaiz (August 16, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's Body Claimed by His Brother". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  304. ^ "Jeffery Epstein buried in unmarked grave with family names removed". The Jerusalem Post. September 5, 2019. Archived from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  305. ^ Suarez Sang, Lucia I. (August 10, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein dead from apparent suicide in Manhattan jail cell; FBI investigating". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  306. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (August 12, 2019). "Attorney General William Barr says there were 'serious irregularities' at jail where Jeffrey Epstein killed himself". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  307. ^ "The Latest: Judge Asks for Details About Epstein Jail Injury". AP. US News. August 14, 2019. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  308. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Zapotosky, Matt; Barrett, Devlin (August 11, 2019). "Officers watching Epstein were on overtime due to staffing shortage, union president says". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  309. ^ Mustian, Jim; Sisak, Michael; Balsamo, Michael (August 12, 2019). "One of Epstein's guards the night he hanged himself wasn't a correctional officer". Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  310. ^ "BOP: Population Statistics". www.bop.gov. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  311. ^ Aratani, Lauren (August 13, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein's death: what we know and don't know". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  312. ^ Daly, Michael (August 13, 2019). "The MCC, Where Jeffrey Epstein Died, Is a Place That Time Forgot". Daily Beast. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  313. ^ Tom Hays and Michael Balsamo (August 22, 2019). "Prison staff members subpoenaed in Epstein probe". The Winchester Star. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  314. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein's Prison Guards Are Indicted On Federal Charges". NPR.org. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  315. ^ "Epstein guards charged with falsifying records". November 19, 2019. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  316. ^ U.S. v. Noel. Archived November 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine 19-CR-830. Indictment.
  317. ^ "Jeffrey Epstein prison guards spared jail time in deal with US prosecutors". Associated Press. May 22, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  318. ^ In latest Epstein deal, officers who slept while financier died plead guilty, avert trial, McClatchy, Julie K. Brown, May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  319. ^ "'Epstein Didn't Kill Himself' and the Meme-ing of Conspiracy". Archived from the original on November 29, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019 – via www.wired.com.
  320. ^ Vadala, Nick (October 31, 2019). "HBO orders Jeffrey Epstein series based on book by former Daily News reporter". Inquirer.com. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  321. ^ Otterson, Joe (October 30, 2019). "Adam McKay Sets Jeffrey Epstein Limited Series at HBO Under New First-Look Deal". Variety. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  322. ^ White, Peter (September 25, 2019). "Sony Pictures Television To Shop Jeffrey Epstein Story As Limited Series After Optioning Conchita Sarnoff Book 'TrafficKing'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  323. ^ "The Good Fight turns into a parody of itself with its tangled Jeffrey Epstein episode". TV Club.
  324. ^ Adams, Sam (May 28, 2020). "The Good Fight's Jeffrey Epstein Episode Was Bananas Even by Good Fight Standards". Slate Magazine.
  325. ^ Kreps, Daniel (May 13, 2020). "See First Trailer for Netflix's 'Jeffrey Epstein: Filthy Rich' Docuseries". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  326. ^ W. Lee, Janet (July 20, 2020). "Lifetime Releases 'Surviving Jeffrey Epstein' Trailer (Watch)". Variety. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  327. ^ Panas, Joshua (July 1, 2020). "Statue of Jeffrey Epstein mysteriously appears in Albuquerque". KOB. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  328. ^ "Mystery Jeffrey Epstein statue found in Downtown Albuquerque". KOAT-TV. July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  329. ^ Reilly, Dan (October 22, 2020). "Who's Who in Borat 2: A Guide to Every Notable Cameo". Vulture. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  330. ^ "Borat 2: Amazon Drop Sequel Early, Opposite Final Presidential Debate". CBR. October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from ""