John Adams II

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This article is about the son of the 6th U.S. President. For the 6th U.S. President, see John Quincy Adams. For the 2nd U.S. President, see John Adams. For other uses, see John Adams (disambiguation).
John Adams II
John Adams II.jpg
Private Secretary to the President
In office
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
PresidentJohn Quincy Adams
Preceded bySamuel L. Gouverneur
Succeeded byAndrew Jackson Donelson
Personal details
Born(1803-07-04)July 4, 1803
Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedOctober 23, 1834(1834-10-23) (aged 31)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political partyDemocratic-Republican
Adams Republican
Spouse(s)
Mary Catherine Hellen
​
​
(m. 1828)​
Children2
Parent(s)John Quincy Adams
Louisa Adams
RelativesSee Adams political family
Alma materHarvard University
ProfessionBusinessman

John Adams II (July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834) was an American government functionary and businessman. The second son of President John Quincy Adams and Louisa Adams, he is usually called John Adams II to distinguish him from President John Adams, his famous grandfather.

Biography[]

John Adams II was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, on July 4, 1803.[1] He studied at Harvard University, but was expelled during his senior year for participating in the 1823 student rebellion to protest the curriculum and living conditions at the university.[2] He then studied law under his father, and when John Quincy Adams became president, his son served as his private secretary.[3] (In 1873 most of the students who took part in the 1823 incident, including John Adams II, were designated "Bachelor of Arts as of 1823" and admitted to Harvard's Roll of Graduates.)[4]

At a White House reception during the John Quincy Adams presidency, Russell Jarvis, an anti-Adams reporter for the Washington Daily Telegraph, believed that President Adams publicly insulted Mrs. Jarvis. Since the President was considered to be immune from a dueling challenge, Jarvis attempted to initiate a duel with John Adams II, who had been at the reception. Jarvis's effort to provoke an incident led to a highly publicized fistfight in the Capitol rotunda, with Jarvis pulling the hair and nose of and slapping Adams, and Adams refusing to retaliate. An investigating committee of the United States House of Representatives determined that Jarvis had initiated the attack, but took no other action.[5] Louisa Adams always believed that the negative press generated by this incident, with John Adams II being accused of cowardice by newspaper editors who supported Andrew Jackson, led to Adams' early demise.[6] The attack on Adams was the impetus for Congress to establish the United States Capitol Police, which provides security for Congressional buildings and grounds.[7]

John Adams II, his older brother George and his younger brother Charles were all rivals for the same woman, their cousin Mary Catherine Hellen, who lived with the John Quincy Adams family after the death of her parents. In 1828 John married Mary Hellen at a ceremony in the White House, and both his brothers refused to attend. John Adams II and Mary Hellen were the parents of two daughters, Mary Louisa (December 2, 1828 – July 16, 1859) and Georgiana Frances (September 10, 1830 – November 20, 1839).[8]

Death[]

After his father left the White House, John attempted a career in business, including operating a Washington flour mill owned by his father.[3]: 220  His lack of success and despondency over his brother George's alcoholism and 1829 suicide led to John's own descent into alcoholism.[9] He died in Washington, D.C., on October 23, 1834, and is buried in Quincy's Hancock Cemetery.[10]

Mary Hellen Adams continued to reside with John Quincy and Louisa Adams and helped care for them in their old age.[11] She died in Bethlehem, New Hampshire, on August 31, 1870.[12]

Family tree[]

He married his first cousin, like his grandfather, who wed his third cousin.

Notes[]

  1. ^ Lewis L. Gould, American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy, 2001, p. 48.
  2. ^ Hugh Brogan, Charles Mosley, American Presidential Families, 1993, p. 280.
  3. ^ a b Lynn Hudson Parsons, John Quincy Adams, 1998, pp. 155–156
  4. ^ Samuel Eliot Morison, Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936, 1936, pp. 230–231.
  5. ^ Atlantic Monthly, Reminiscences of Washington, March, 1880, pp. 288–291.
  6. ^ Sandra L. Quinn-Musgrove Sanford Kanter, America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children, pp. 33–35.
  7. ^ Franscell, Ron (2012). Crime Buff's Guide to Outlaw Washington, DC. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-7627-8870-5 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Paul C. Nagel, The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters, 1999, pp. 236–238.
  9. ^ Charles Francis Adams, Diary of Charles Francis Adams: July 1825 – September 1829, 1964, p. xxvi.
  10. ^ Paul C. Nagel, Descent from Glory: Four Generations of the John Adams Family, 1999, p. 173.
  11. ^ Doug Wead, All the Presidents' Children, 2004, pp. 226–227.
  12. ^ Nagel, Paul C. (2019). "Mary Hellen Picks the Wrong Son of John Quincy Adams". New England Historical Society.com. Stonington, ME: New England Historical Society. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
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