Kolín
Kolín | |
|---|---|
 Town hall on the Karlovo Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kolín Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°1′41″N 15°12′2″E / 50.02806°N 15.20056°ECoordinates: 50°1′41″N 15°12′2″E / 50.02806°N 15.20056°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Kolín |
| First mentioned | 1261 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Michael Kašpar (STAN) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 34.99 km2 (13.51 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 220 m (720 ft) |
| Population (2021-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 32,490 |
| • Density | 930/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 280 02 |
| Website | www |
Kolín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkoliːn]; German: Kolin, Köllein, Collin) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 32,000 inhabitants. It lies some 55 kilometers (34 mi) east from Prague, on the Elbe River. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.
Administrative parts[]
Kolín is made up of town parts of Kolín I–VI and of villages of Sendražice, Šťáralka, Štítary and Zibohlavy.
History[]
Ptolemy's world map mentions Budorgis in the Kolín's area in the 2nd century.[2]
Kolín was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in the 13th century by relocation, when Starý Kolín ("Old Kolín") was threatened by floods and the king decided to move the settlement. The first written mention of Kolín is from 1261, when it was mentioned that Přelouč obtain town privileges, same as Kolín and Kouřim have. It lied on a trade route Prague–Český Brod–Čáslav–Moravia.[3]
In 1437–1438, a castle was founded in Kolín. It was built on ruins of burned down monastery. During the Thirty Years' War, it was damaged, and in the 17th century, it was rebuilt to a brewery. In 1911, the castle burn down and its Renaissance look disappeared.[4]
The 1757 Battle of Kolín was fought during the Seven Years' War, and in 1944 a refinery in Kolín was bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. Zyklon B for Nazi concentration camps was produced there.
Sights[]
The historical centre of the town has many gothic and baroque buildings. Most notable are the main market (Karlovo Square) with the Neo-Renaissance town hall, and Church of Saint Bartholomew from the 13th century, rebuilt in 1360 by the architect Peter Parler.[3][5]
In Kolín there is the original Jewish ghetto with a synagogue from 1696. It is the second oldest and most valuable synagogue in Bohemia.[6] The Jewish cemetery is one of the oldest and largest Jewish cemeteries in Bohemia. It was established in the first half of the 15th century.[7]
Demography[]
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| Source: Historical lexicon of municipalities of the Czech Republic[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Industry[]
In Kolín there is the samller part of Kolín-Ovčáry Industrial Zone, known mostly for the factory of the automobile manufacturing company TPCA.[9] As of 2020, TPCA employs 2,400 people as it is the most important employer in the region.[10]
Kolín is home to the packaging, paper and playing card manufacturers, OTK.
Notable people[]
- Jakub Krčín (1535–1604), pond and dam constructer
- Jean-Gaspard Deburau (1796–1846), Czech–French actor and mime
- František Kmoch (1848–1912), composer and conductor; worked and died here
- Julius Petschek (1856–1932), industrialist
- Josef Svatopluk Machar (1864–1942), poet
- Václav Radimský (1867–1946), painter
- Terezie Brzková (1875–1966), actress
- Robert Saudek (1880–1935), graphologist and writer
- Otokar Fischer (1883–1938), playwright, translator and poet
- Josef Sudek (1896–1976), photographer
- Václav Morávek (1904–1942), soldier and war hero
- Ludmila Dvořáková (1923–2015), operatic soprano
- Frank Daniel (1926–1996), Czech-American screenwriter and film director
- Jan Kubíček (1927–2013), constructivist painter and sculptor
- Jiří Balcar (1929–1968), graphic artist, painter and illustrator
- Luboš Dobrovský (1932–2020), politician and journalist
- Eva Randová (born 1936), operatic mezzo-soprano
- Miloš Zeman (born 1944), President of the Czech Republic
- Jan Novák (born 1953), Czech-American novelist and playwright
- Bohdan Ulihrach (born 1975), tennis player
- Petr Čáslava (born 1979), ice hockey player
- Barbora Poláková (born 1983), actress and singer
Twin towns – sister cities[]
Dietikon, Switzerland
Duino-Aurisina, Italy
Kamenz, Germany
Lubań, Poland
Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia
References[]
- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 30 April 2021.
- ^ Kleineberg, Andreas, Christian Marx, Eberhard Knobloch and Dieter Lelgemann (2010). Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung von Ptolemaios' "Atlas der Oikumene". Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-534-23757-9.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Historie" (in Czech). Město Kolín. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Hrad Kolín" (in Czech). Hrady.cz. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Návštěvník" (in Czech). Město Kolín. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Synagoga" (in Czech). Město Kolín. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Starý židovský hřbitov" (in Czech). Město Kolín. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Kolín" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015. pp. 5–6.
- ^ "Investoři v zóně" (in Czech). Kolín-Ovčáry Industrial Zone. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Automobilka TPCA investuje v Kolíně 4,5 miliardy a najme 1000 pracovníků" (in Czech). Echo 24. 14 February 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Kolín. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kolín. |
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- Populated places in Kolín District
- Kolín
- Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
- Oil campaign of World War II