List of ISO 639-1 codes
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ISO 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to classify languages. Each language is assigned a two-letter (639-1) and three-letter (639-2 and 639-3) lowercase abbreviation, amended in later versions of the nomenclature.
This table lists all of:
- ISO 639-1: two-letter codes, one per language for ISO 639 macrolanguage
And some of:
- ISO 639-2/T: three-letter codes, for the same languages as 639-1
- ISO 639-2/B: three-letter codes, mostly the same as 639-2/T, but with some codes derived from English names rather than native names of languages (in the following table, these differing codes are highlighted in boldface)
- ISO 639-3: three-letter codes, the same as 639-2/T for languages, but with distinct codes for each variety of an ISO 639 macrolanguage
Note: Colors on the leftmost column represent the language family mentioned in the second column.
Language family | ISO language name | Native name (endonym) | 639-1 | 639-2/T | 639-2/B | 639-3 | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northwest Caucasian | Abkhazian | аҧсуа бызшәа, аҧсшәа | ab |
abk |
abk |
abk |
also known as Abkhaz | |
Afro-Asiatic | Afar | Afaraf | aa |
aar |
aar |
aar |
||
Indo-European | Afrikaans | Afrikaans | af |
afr |
afr |
afr |
||
Niger–Congo | Akan | Akan | ak |
aka |
aka |
aka + 2 |
macrolanguage, Twi is tw /twi , Fanti is fat
| |
Indo-European | Albanian | Shqip | sq |
sqi |
alb |
sqi + 4 |
macrolanguage, "Albanian Phylozone" in 639-6 | |
Afro-Asiatic | Amharic | አማርኛ | am |
amh |
amh |
amh |
||
Afro-Asiatic | Arabic | العربية |
ar |
ara |
ara |
ara + 29 |
macrolanguage, Standard Arabic is arb
| |
Indo-European | Aragonese | aragonés | an |
arg |
arg |
arg |
||
Indo-European | Armenian | Հայերեն | hy |
hye |
arm |
hye |
also known as Հայերէն; ISO 639-3 code hye is for Eastern Armenian, hyw is for Western Armenian, and xcl is for Classical Armenian
| |
Indo-European | Assamese | অসমীয়া | as |
asm |
asm |
asm |
||
Northeast Caucasian | Avaric | авар мацӀ, магӀарул мацӀ | av |
ava |
ava |
ava |
also known as Avar | |
Indo-European | Avestan | avesta | ae |
ave |
ave |
ave |
ancient | |
Aymaran | Aymara | aymar aru | ay |
aym |
aym |
aym + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Turkic | Azerbaijani | azərbaycan dili, تۆرکجه | az |
aze |
aze |
aze + 2 |
macrolanguage
also known as Azeri | |
Niger–Congo | Bambara | bamanankan | bm |
bam |
bam |
bam |
||
Turkic | Bashkir | башҡорт теле | ba |
bak |
bak |
bak |
||
Language isolate | Basque | euskara, euskera | eu |
eus |
baq |
eus |
||
Indo-European | Belarusian | беларуская мова | be |
bel |
bel |
bel |
||
Indo-European | Bengali | বাংলা | bn |
ben |
ben |
ben |
also known as Bangla | |
Creole | Bislama | Bislama | bi |
bis |
bis |
bis |
Language formed from English and Ni-Vanuatu, with some French influence. | |
Indo-European | Bosnian | bosanski jezik | bs |
bos |
bos |
bos |
||
Indo-European | Breton | brezhoneg | br |
bre |
bre |
bre |
||
Indo-European | Bulgarian | български език | bg |
bul |
bul |
bul |
||
Sino-Tibetan | Burmese | ဗမာစာ | my |
mya |
bur |
mya |
also known as Myanmar | |
Indo-European | Catalan, Valencian | català, valencià | ca |
cat |
cat |
cat |
||
Austronesian | Chamorro | Chamoru | ch |
cha |
cha |
cha |
||
Northeast Caucasian | Chechen | нохчийн мотт | ce |
che |
che |
che |
||
Niger–Congo | Chichewa, Chewa, Nyanja | chiCheŵa, chinyanja | ny |
nya |
nya |
nya |
||
Sino-Tibetan | Chinese | 中文 (Zhōngwén), 汉语, 漢語 | zh |
zho |
chi |
zho + 16 |
macrolanguage | |
Turkic | Chuvash | чӑваш чӗлхи | cv |
chv |
chv |
chv |
||
Indo-European | Cornish | Kernewek | kw |
cor |
cor |
cor |
||
Indo-European | Corsican | corsu, lingua corsa | co |
cos |
cos |
cos |
||
Algonquian | Cree | ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ | cr |
cre |
cre |
cre + 6 |
macrolanguage | |
Indo-European | Croatian | hrvatski jezik | hr |
hrv |
hrv |
hrv |
||
Indo-European | Czech | čeština, český jazyk | cs |
ces |
cze |
ces |
||
Indo-European | Danish | dansk | da |
dan |
dan |
dan |
||
Indo-European | Divehi, Dhivehi, Maldivian | ދިވެހި |
dv |
div |
div |
div |
||
Indo-European | Dutch, Flemish | Nederlands, Vlaams | nl |
nld |
dut |
nld |
Flemish is not to be confused with the closely related West Flemish which is referred to as Vlaams (Dutch for "Flemish") in ISO 639-3 and has the ISO 639-3 code vls
| |
Sino-Tibetan | Dzongkha | རྫོང་ཁ | dz |
dzo |
dzo |
dzo |
||
Indo-European | English | English | en |
eng |
eng |
eng |
||
Constructed | Esperanto | Esperanto | eo |
epo |
epo |
epo |
constructed, initiated from L.L. Zamenhof, 1887 | |
Uralic | Estonian | eesti, eesti keel | et |
est |
est |
est + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Niger–Congo | Ewe | Eʋegbe | ee |
ewe |
ewe |
ewe |
||
Indo-European | Faroese | føroyskt | fo |
fao |
fao |
fao |
||
Austronesian | Fijian | vosa Vakaviti | fj |
fij |
fij |
fij |
||
Uralic | Finnish | suomi, suomen kieli | fi |
fin |
fin |
fin |
||
Indo-European | French | français | fr |
fra |
fre |
fra |
||
Niger–Congo | Fulah | Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular | ff |
ful |
ful |
ful + 9 |
macrolanguage, also known as Fula | |
Indo-European | Galician | Galego | gl |
glg |
glg |
glg |
||
Kartvelian | Georgian | ქართული | ka |
kat |
geo |
kat |
||
Indo-European | German | Deutsch | de |
deu |
ger |
deu |
||
Indo-European | Greek, Modern (1453–) | ελληνικά | el |
ell |
gre |
ell |
For ancient Greek, use the ISO 639-3 code grc
| |
Tupian | Guarani | Avañe'ẽ | gn |
grn |
grn |
grn + 5 |
macrolanguage | |
Indo-European | Gujarati | ગુજરાતી | gu |
guj |
guj |
guj |
||
Creole | Haitian, Haitian Creole | Kreyòl ayisyen | ht |
hat |
hat |
hat |
||
Afro-Asiatic | Hausa | (Hausa) هَوُسَ |
ha |
hau |
hau |
hau |
||
Afro-Asiatic | Hebrew | עברית |
he |
heb |
heb |
heb |
Modern Hebrew. Code changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, iw .[1]
| |
Niger–Congo | Herero | Otjiherero | hz |
her |
her |
her |
||
Indo-European | Hindi | हिन्दी, हिंदी | hi |
hin |
hin |
hin |
||
Austronesian | Hiri Motu | Hiri Motu | ho |
hmo |
hmo |
hmo |
||
Uralic | Hungarian | magyar | hu |
hun |
hun |
hun |
||
Constructed | Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) | Interlingua | ia |
ina |
ina |
ina |
constructed by International Auxiliary Language Association | |
Austronesian | Indonesian | Bahasa Indonesia | id |
ind |
ind |
ind |
Covered by macrolanguage ms /msa . Changed in 1989 from original ISO 639:1988, in .[1]
| |
Constructed | Interlingue, Occidental | (originally:) Occidental, (after WWII:) Interlingue | ie |
ile |
ile |
ile |
constructed by Edgar de Wahl, first published in 1922 | |
Indo-European | Irish | Gaeilge | ga |
gle |
gle |
gle |
||
Niger–Congo | Igbo | Asụsụ Igbo | ig |
ibo |
ibo |
ibo |
||
Eskimo–Aleut | Inupiaq | Iñupiaq, Iñupiatun | ik |
ipk |
ipk |
ipk + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Constructed | Ido | Ido | io |
ido |
ido |
ido |
constructed by De Beaufront, 1907, as variation of Esperanto | |
Indo-European | Icelandic | Íslenska | is |
isl |
ice |
isl |
||
Indo-European | Italian | Italiano | it |
ita |
ita |
ita |
||
Eskimo–Aleut | Inuktitut | ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ | iu |
iku |
iku |
iku + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Japonic | Japanese | 日本語 (にほんご) | ja |
jpn |
jpn |
jpn |
||
Austronesian | Javanese | ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Basa Jawa | jv |
jav |
jav |
jav |
||
Eskimo–Aleut | Kalaallisut, Greenlandic | kalaallisut, kalaallit oqaasii | kl |
kal |
kal |
kal |
||
Dravidian | Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ | kn |
kan |
kan |
kan |
||
Nilo-Saharan | Kanuri | Kanuri | kr |
kau |
kau |
kau + 3 |
macrolanguage | |
Indo-European | Kashmiri | कश्मीरी, كشميري | ks |
kas |
kas |
kas |
||
Turkic | Kazakh | қазақ тілі | kk |
kaz |
kaz |
kaz |
||
Austroasiatic | Central Khmer | ខ្មែរ, ខេមរភាសា, ភាសាខ្មែរ | km |
khm |
khm |
khm |
also known as Khmer or Cambodian | |
Niger–Congo | Kikuyu, Gikuyu | Gĩkũyũ | ki |
kik |
kik |
kik |
||
Niger–Congo | Kinyarwanda | Ikinyarwanda | rw |
kin |
kin |
kin |
||
Turkic | Kirghiz, Kyrgyz | Кыргызча, Кыргыз тили | ky |
kir |
kir |
kir |
||
Uralic | Komi | коми кыв | kv |
kom |
kom |
kom + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Niger–Congo | Kongo | Kikongo | kg |
kon |
kon |
kon + 3 |
macrolanguage | |
Koreanic | Korean | 한국어 | ko |
kor |
kor |
kor |
||
Indo-European | Kurdish | Kurdî, کوردی | ku |
kur |
kur |
kur + 3 |
macrolanguage | |
Niger–Congo | Kuanyama, Kwanyama | Kuanyama | kj |
kua |
kua |
kua |
||
Indo-European | Latin | latine, lingua latina | la |
lat |
lat |
lat |
ancient | |
Indo-European | Luxembourgish, Letzeburgesch | Lëtzebuergesch | lb |
ltz |
ltz |
ltz |
||
Niger–Congo | Ganda | Luganda | lg |
lug |
lug |
lug |
||
Indo-European | Limburgan, Limburger, Limburgish | Limburgs | li |
lim |
lim |
lim |
||
Niger–Congo | Lingala | Lingála | ln |
lin |
lin |
lin |
||
Tai–Kadai | Lao | ພາສາລາວ | lo |
lao |
lao |
lao |
||
Indo-European | Lithuanian | lietuvių kalba | lt |
lit |
lit |
lit |
||
Niger–Congo | Luba-Katanga | Kiluba | lu |
lub |
lub |
lub |
also known as Luba-Shaba | |
Indo-European | Latvian | latviešu valoda | lv |
lav |
lav |
lav + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Indo-European | Manx | Gaelg, Gailck | gv |
glv |
glv |
glv |
||
Indo-European | Macedonian | македонски јазик | mk |
mkd |
mac |
mkd |
||
Austronesian | Malagasy | fiteny malagasy | mg |
mlg |
mlg |
mlg + 11 |
macrolanguage | |
Austronesian | Malay | Bahasa Melayu, بهاس ملايو | ms |
msa |
may |
msa + 36 |
macrolanguage, Standard Malay is zsm , Indonesian is id /ind
| |
Dravidian | Malayalam | മലയാളം | ml |
mal |
mal |
mal |
||
Afro-Asiatic | Maltese | Malti | mt |
mlt |
mlt |
mlt |
||
Austronesian | Maori | te reo Māori | mi |
mri |
mao |
mri |
also known as Māori | |
Indo-European | Marathi | मराठी | mr |
mar |
mar |
mar |
also known as Marāṭhī | |
Austronesian | Marshallese | Kajin M̧ajeļ | mh |
mah |
mah |
mah |
||
Mongolic | Mongolian | Монгол хэл | mn |
mon |
mon |
mon + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Austronesian | Nauru | Dorerin Naoero | na |
nau |
nau |
nau |
also known as Nauruan | |
Dené–Yeniseian | Navajo, Navaho | Diné bizaad | nv |
nav |
nav |
nav |
||
Niger–Congo | North Ndebele | isiNdebele | nd |
nde |
nde |
nde |
also known as Northern Ndebele | |
Indo-European | Nepali | नेपाली | ne |
nep |
nep |
nep + 2 |
macrolanguage | |
Niger–Congo | Ndonga | Owambo | ng |
ndo |
ndo |
ndo |
||
Indo-European | Norwegian Bokmål | Norsk Bokmål | nb |
nob |
nob |
nob |
Covered by macrolanguage no /nor
| |
Indo-European | Norwegian Nynorsk | Norsk Nynorsk | nn |
nno |
nno |
nno |
Covered by macrolanguage no /nor
| |
Indo-European | Norwegian | Norsk | no |
nor |
nor |
nor + 2 |
macrolanguage, Bokmål is nb /nob , Nynorsk is nn /nno
| |
Sino-Tibetan | Sichuan Yi, Nuosu | ꆈꌠ꒿ Nuosuhxop | ii |
iii |
iii |
iii |
Standard form of Yi languages | |
Niger–Congo | South Ndebele | isiNdebele | nr |
nbl |
nbl |
nbl |
also known as Southern Ndebele | |
Indo-European | Occitan | occitan, lenga d'òc | oc |
oci |
oci |
oci |
||
Algonquian | Ojibwa | ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ | oj |
oji |
oji |
oji + 7 |
macrolanguage, also known as Ojibwe | |
Indo-European | Church Slavic, Old Slavonic, Church Slavonic, Old Bulgarian, Old Church Slavonic | ѩзыкъ словѣньскъ | cu |
chu |
chu |
chu |
ancient, in use by Orthodox Church | |
Afro-Asiatic | Oromo | Afaan Oromoo | om |
orm |
orm |
orm + 4 |
macrolanguage | |
Indo-European | Oriya | ଓଡ଼ିଆ | or |
ori |
ori |
ori + 2 |
macrolanguage, also known as Odia | |
Indo-European | Ossetian, Ossetic | ирон ӕвзаг | os |
oss |
oss |
oss |
||
Indo-European | Punjabi, Panjabi | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, پنجابی | pa |
pan |
pan |
pan |
||
Indo-European | Pali | पालि, पाळि | pi |
pli |
pli |
pli |
ancient, also known as Pāli | |
Indo-European | Persian | فارسی |
fa |
fas |
per |
fas + 2 |
macrolanguage, also known as Farsi | |
Indo-European | Polish | język polski, polszczyzna | pl |
pol |
pol |
pol |
||
Indo-European | Pashto, Pushto | پښتو |
ps |
pus |
pus |
pus + 3 |
macrolanguage | |
Indo-European | Portuguese | Português | pt |
por |
por |
por |
||
Quechuan | Quechua | Runa Simi, Kichwa | qu |
que |
que |
que + 43 |
macrolanguage | |
Indo-European | Romansh | Rumantsch Grischun | rm |
roh |
roh |
roh |
||
Niger–Congo | Rundi | Ikirundi | rn |
run |
run |
run |
also known as Kirundi | |
Indo-European | Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan | Română, Moldovenească | ro |
ron |
rum |
ron |
The identifiers mo and mol are deprecated, leaving ro and ron (639-2/T) and rum (639-2/B) the current language identifiers to be used for the variant of the Romanian language also known as Moldavian and Moldovan in English and moldave in French. The identifiers mo and mol will not be assigned to different items, and recordings using these identifiers will not be invalid.
| |
Indo-European | Russian | русский | ru |
rus |
rus |
rus |
||
Indo-European | Sanskrit | संस्कृतम्, |