List of Nepenthes species

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Sympatric upper pitchers of N. jamban (left) and N. lingulata (right) in Sumatran upper montane forest

This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes 179 recognised extant species, 2 incompletely diagnosed taxa, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible extinct species are also covered.

The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.

All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.

Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.

Extant species[]

Species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes abalata[4] Jebb & Cheek[4] 2013[4] Philippines (Culion, Cuyo, Malalison)[4] 0–20 m[4] Critically Endangered[4]
Nepenthes abgracilis[5] Jebb & Cheek[5] 2013[5] Nepenthes abgracilis botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[5] 670 m[5] Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes adnata & M.Hotta ex 1994          Nepenthesadnata2.jpg Sumatra 600–1200 m Endangered
Nepenthes aenigma[6] , & [6] 2016[6] Philippines (Luzon)[6] c. 1200 m[6] Data Deficient[6]
Nepenthes alata Blanco 1837 Nepenthes alata ASR 062007 mt ambucao luzon.jpg Philippines (Luzon)[7][nb 1] 550–? m[nb 1] Least Concern
Nepenthes alba Ridl. 1924 Nepenthes alba3.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 1600–2187 m
Nepenthes albomarginata T.Lobb ex Lindl. 1849 Nep alb265.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra

Minor islands: Nias, Penang		 0–1100 m[nb 2] Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes alfredoi , , & [9] 2017[9][10] Philippines (Mindanao)[9] 160–345 m[9] Critically Endangered[9]
Nepenthes alzapan[11] Jebb & Cheek[11] 2013[11] Nepenthes alzapan botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Luzon)[11] 1800 m[11] Data Deficient
Nepenthes ampullaria Jack 1835 Nep amp 295.jpg Borneo, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		 0–2100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes andamana[15] M.Catal.[15] 2010[15] N. andamana2 cropped.jpg Thailand[15] 0–50 m[16]
Nepenthes angasanensis , , & 1999 Sumatra 2200–2800 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes appendiculata[17] Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, , & [17] 2011[17] Borneo[17] 1450–1700 m[17] Data Deficient[17]
Nepenthes argentii Jebb & Cheek 1997 Nepenthes argentii ASR 062007 mt guitingguiting sibuyan.jpg Philippines (Sibuyan) 1400–1900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes aristolochioides Jebb & Cheek 1997 Nepenthes aristolochioides5.jpg Sumatra 1800–2500 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes armin[18] Jebb & Cheek[18] 2014[18] Philippines (Sibuyan)[18] 750 m[18] Critically Endangered[18]
Nepenthes attenboroughii A.S.Rob., S.McPherson & V.B.Heinrich 2009 Attlwr.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1450[19]–1726 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes barcelonae[20] & Cheek[20] 2015[20] Philippines (Luzon)[20] 1500–1700 m[20] Critically Endangered[20]
Nepenthes beccariana Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes beccariana1.jpg Nias, Sumatra?[21] unknown
(0–<800 m)[22]		 Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes bellii 1969 Nepenthes bellii upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–800 m Endangered
Nepenthes benstonei C.Clarke 1999 Nbenstonei.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 150[24]–1350 m[25] Data Deficient[21][23]
Nepenthes biak[26] Jebb & Cheek[26] 2018[26] Nepinsignis8.jpg Schouten Islands (Biak)[26] sea level[26] Critically Endangered[26]
Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook.f. 1873 Nepenthesbicalcarata1.jpg Borneo 0–?950 m[nb 3] Vulnerable
Nepenthes bokorensis 2009 Nepenthes bokorensis upper.jpg Cambodia 800–1080 m Endangered[27]
Nepenthes bongso Korth. 1839 Nepenthes carunculata upper pitcher.jpg Sumatra 1000–2700 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes boschiana Korth. 1839 Nepenthes boschiana1.jpg Borneo 1200–1800 m[nb 4] Endangered
Nepenthes burbidgeae Hook.f. ex Burb. 1882 Pig Hill Kinabalu N. burbidgeae.jpg Borneo 1200–1800 m[nb 5] Endangered
Nepenthes burkei Hort.Veitch ex Mast. 1889 Nepenthes burkei ASR 062007 mt halcon mindoro.jpg Philippines (Mindoro, Panay?) 1100–2000 m Conservation Dependent[23]
Nepenthes cabanae[30] Lagunday, N. E. & Amoroso, V. B.[30] 2019 [30] Philippines (Mindanao, )[30] 1020-1050 m[30] Critically Endangered[30]
Nepenthes campanulata Sh.Kurata 1973 Nepenthes campanulata.jpg Borneo, Philippines (Palawan?[31]) 100–300 m[31] Vulnerable
Nepenthes ceciliae[32] , , , , & [32] 2011[32] Nepenthes ceciliae upper pitchers.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[32] 1500–1880 m[32]
Nepenthes chang[33] M.Catal.[33] 2010[33] Nepenthes chang rosette cropped.jpg Thailand[33] 300–600 m[33]
Nepenthes chaniana C.Clarke, Chi.C.Lee & S.McPherson 2006 Nepenthes chaniana 1.jpg Borneo 1100–1800 m Endangered
Nepenthes cid[5] Jebb & Cheek[5] 2013[5] Nepenthes cid botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[5] 770 m[5] Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes clipeata Danser 1928 Borneo 600–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes copelandii Merr. ex Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes copelandii2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1100–2400 m[19] Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes cornuta[34] , , Wistuba, , , & [34] 2014[34] Nepenthes cornuta lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[34] ~1000 m[34] Vulnerable[34]
Nepenthes danseri Jebb & Cheek 1997 Raja Ampat Islands (Waigeo)[35] 0–320 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes deaniana Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes deaniana ASR 062007 pulgar palawan.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1180–1296 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes densiflora Danser 1940 Nepenthes densiflora Mount Kemiri cropped.jpg Sumatra 1700–3200 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes diabolica[36] , Chi.C.Lee, , , & A.S.Rob.[36] 2020[36] Nepenthes hamata hairy pitcher.jpg Sulawesi[36] 2200–2300 m[36] Critically Endangered[36]
Nepenthes diatas Jebb & Cheek 1997 Nepenthes diatas.jpg Sumatra 2400–2900 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes distillatoria L. 1753 Nepenthes distillatoria 5.jpg Sri Lanka 0–700 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes domei[37] M.N.Faizal, A.Amin, & A.Latiff[37] 2020[37] Peninsular Malaysia[37] 850-1000 m[37] Vulnerable[37]
Nepenthes dubia Danser 1928 Nepenthesdubia1.jpg Sumatra 1600–2700 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes edwardsiana H.Low ex Hook.f. 1859 Nepenthes edwardsiana entire ASR 052007 tambu.jpg Borneo 1600–2700 m[nb 6] Vulnerable
Nepenthes ephippiata Danser 1928 Borneo 1300–2000 m[nb 7] Vulnerable
Nepenthes epiphytica[39] A.S.Rob., Nerz & Wistuba[39] 2011[39] Borneo[39] ~1000 m[39]
Nepenthes eustachya Miq. 1858 Nepeustachya5.jpg Sumatra 0–1600 Least Concern
Nepenthes extincta[40] Jebb & Cheek[40] 2013[40] Nepenthes extincta botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[40] c. 400 m[40] Critically Endangered[40]
Nepenthes eymae Sh.Kurata 1984 Nepenthes eymae upper pitcher.jpg Sulawesi 1000–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes faizaliana J.H.Adam & Wilcock 1991 Pinnacles N. faizaliana 10.jpg Borneo 400–1600 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes flava Wistuba, Nerz & 2007 Nepenthes flava13.jpg Sumatra 1800–2200 m
Nepenthes fractiflexa[41] , A.S.Rob. & [41] 2020[41] Borneo[41] 1400–2150 m[41] Near Threatened[41]
Nepenthes fusca Danser 1928 N.fusca up3.jpg Borneo 300[42]–2500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes gantungensis[43] S.McPherson, , Chi.C.Lee, , & A.S.Rob.[43] 2010[43] Nepenthes gantungensis1.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[43] 1600–1784 m[43] Vulnerable
Nepenthes glabrata & 1984 Nepglabrata5.jpg Sulawesi 1600–2100 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes glandulifera Chi.C.Lee 2004 Borneo 1100–1700 m
Nepenthes graciliflora[7] Elmer[7] 1912[7] Nepenthes alata ASR 062007 mt halcon mindoro.jpg Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan)[7] 300–1280 m[7]
Nepenthes gracilis Korth. 1839 Pitcher plant2.JPG Borneo, Cambodia,[44] Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka, Belitung[45]), Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Labuan,[46] Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), , Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		 0–1100 m[nb 8] Least Concern
Nepenthes gracillima Ridl. 1908 Nepenthes gracillima1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 1400–2000 m[24] Endangered
Nepenthes gymnamphora Reinw. ex Nees 1824 Nepenthes pectinata11.jpg Java, Sumatra 600–2800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes halmahera[35] Cheek[35] 2015[35] Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[35] 10–760 m[35] Critically Endangered[35]
Nepenthes hamata & 1984 Nepenthes hamata upper pitcher.jpg Sulawesi 1400–2500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes hamiguitanensis[47] , Wistuba, V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, & [47] 2010[47] Nepenthes hamiguitanensis.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[47] 1200–1600 m[47] Vulnerable[47]
Nepenthes hemsleyana[48] Macfarl.[48] 1908[48] Nepenthes rafflesiana var. elongata upper pitcher.jpg Borneo[48] 0–200 m[49] Conservation Dependent[50]
Nepenthes hirsuta Hook.f. 1873 Nep hir274.jpg Borneo 200–1100 m[nb 9] Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes hispida Beck 1895 Lambir Hills N. hispida 3.jpg Borneo 100–800 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes holdenii[52] [52] 2010[52] Nepenthes holdenii lower pitcher.jpg Cambodia[52] 600–800 m[52] Near Threatened[52]
Nepenthes hurrelliana Cheek & A.L.Lamb 2003 Murud N. hurreliana.jpg Borneo 1300[42]–2400 m
Nepenthes inermis Danser 1928 Nepenthes inermis5.jpg Sumatra 1500–2600 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes insignis Danser 1928 N. insignis3.jpg New Guinea[26] 0–850 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes izumiae , C.Clarke & 2003 Nepenthes izumiae4.jpg Sumatra 1700–1900 m Data Deficient[53]
Nepenthes jacquelineae C.Clarke, & 2001 Nepjacq2.jpg Sumatra 1700–2200 m Data Deficient[21][23] / Conservation Dependent[53]
Nepenthes jamban Chi.C.Lee, & 2006 Nepenthesjamban3.jpg Sumatra 1800–2100 m
Nepenthes junghuhnii sensu Macfarl. in sched. nom.nud. 1917 Sumatra 1220 m Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes justinae[6] , Wistuba, & [6] 2016[6] Nepenthes Mount Hamiguitan Range7.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[6] 1000–1620 m[6] Vulnerable[6]
Nepenthes kampotiana Lecomte 1909 Nepenthes kampotiana1.jpg Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam[54] 0–600 m[24]
Nepenthes kerrii[55] M.Catal. & [55] 2010[55] Nepenthes kerrii.jpg Thailand

Minor islands: Langkawi?[56]		 400–500 m
Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. 1873 Nepenthes khasiana.jpg India 500–1500 m Endangered
Nepenthes kitanglad[40] Jebb & Cheek[40] 2013[40] Nepenthes kitanglad upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[40] 1800–2100 m[40] Critically Endangered[40]
Nepenthes klossii Ridl. 1916 Nepenthes klossii upper pitcher.jpg New Guinea 930[57]–2000 m Endangered
Nepenthes kongkandana M.Catal. & [58] 2015[58] N. kongkandana2.jpg Thailand 0–50 m
Nepenthes krabiensis[59] , , & [59] 2016[59] Thailand[59] 600–700 m[59] Critically Endangered[59]
Nepenthes lamii Jebb & Cheek 1997 New Guinea 3200–3520 m[60] Least Concern
Nepenthes latiffiana[37] M.N.Faizal, A.Amin & N.Dome[37] 2020[37] Peninsular Malaysia[37] 1000-1100 m[37] Vulnerable[37]
Nepenthes lavicola Wistuba & 1996 Sumatra 2000–2600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes leonardoi[61] S.McPherson, Bourke, , & A.S.Rob.[61] 2011[61] Nepenthes leonardoi.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[61] 1300–1490 m[61] Least Concern
Nepenthes leyte[40] Jebb & Cheek[40] 2013[40] Nepenthes leyte botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Leyte)[40] 900 m[40] Critically Endangered[40]
Nepenthes lingulata Chi.C.Lee, & 2006 Nepentheslingulata4.jpg Sumatra 1700–2100 m
Nepenthes longifolia Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes longifolia.jpg Sumatra 300–1100 m Vulnerable[21][23] / Critically Endangered[53]
Nepenthes lowii Hook.f. 1859 Murud N. lowii 30.jpg Borneo 1650–2600 m[nb 10] Vulnerable
Nepenthes macfarlanei Hemsl. 1905 N. macfarlanei1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 900–2150 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes macrophylla () Jebb & Cheek 1997 N.macrophylla.jpg Borneo 2200–2642 m[nb 11] Critically Endangered
Nepenthes macrovulgaris & 1988 Nepenthes macrovulgaris upper2.jpg Borneo 300–1200 m[nb 12] Vulnerable
Nepenthes madagascariensis Poir. 1797 Nepenthes madagascariensis.jpg Madagascar 0–500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes malayensis[64] A.Amin, M.N.Faizal & Dome 2020[64] Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu)
Nepenthes malimumuensis[65] 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1000–1020 m
Nepenthes manobo[65] 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1000–1020 m
Nepenthes mantalingajanensis Nerz & Wistuba 2007 Nepenthes mantalingajanensis ASR 072007 mantalingahan palawan.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1700–2085 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mapuluensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock 1990 Borneo 700–800 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes maryae[66] Jebb & Cheek[66] 2016[66] Sulawesi[66] 2100 m[66] Vulnerable[66]
Nepenthes masoalensis 1977 Madagascar 0–400 m Endangered
Nepenthes maxima Reinw. ex Nees 1824 Nepenthes maxima Sulawesi1.jpg D'Entrecasteaux Islands,[67] Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Sulawesi

Minor islands: Wowoni?[68]		 40[69]–2600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes maximoides[70] & Cheek[70] 2020[70] Philippines (Luzon, possibly Mt. Banahaw)[70] Critically Endangered(possibly Extinct)[70]
Nepenthes merrilliana Macfarl. 1911 Nepenthes merrilliana lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao, Samar[71]) 0–1100 m[19] Vulnerable
Nepenthes micramphora V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, & 2009 Nepenthes micramphora.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1100–1635 m
Nepenthes mikei & 1995 N. mikei3.jpeg Sumatra 1100–2800 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata 2001 Nepenthes mindanaoensis ASR 072007 legaspi mindanao.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–1400 m Endangered[23]
Nepenthes minima[72] Jebb & Cheek[72] 2016[72] Sulawesi[72] 1000–1700 m[72] Vulnerable[72]
Nepenthes mira Jebb & Cheek 1998 Nepenthes mira2.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1550–1605 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) [73] 1869[73] Apes abroad - Jug Plant (by-sa).jpg Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands (Palau, Yap), China (Guangdong Province, Hainan,[74] Hong Kong, Macau), D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Java, Laos, Louisiade Archipelago, Maluku Islands, Myanmar, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam

Minor islands:[12] Babi, Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Banyak Islands, Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (North Pagai, Siberut, Sipura, South Pagai), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Riau Archipelago), Rupat, Tawi-Tawi,[40] Wowoni?[68]		 0–1500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mollis Danser 1928 Borneo ~1800 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes monticola[60] A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Nerz, & S.McPherson[60] 2011[60] Nepentheslamiiupperpitcher2800.jpg New Guinea[60] 1400–2620 m[60] Least Concern
Nepenthes muluensis M.Hotta 1966 Murud N. muluensis 10.jpg Borneo 1700–2400 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes murudensis Culham ex Jebb & Cheek 1997 Murud N. murudensis 14.jpg Borneo 2000–2423 m Endangered
Nepenthes naga , , & 2009 Nepsumatra5.jpg Sumatra 1500–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes nebularum[75] & [75] 2016[75] Philippines (Mindanao)[75] ≤1800 m[75] Data Deficient[75]
Nepenthes negros[7] Jebb & Cheek[7] 2013[7] Philippines (Biliran, Negros)[7] Critically Endangered[7]
Nepenthes neoguineensis Macfarl. 1911 N. neoguineensis6.jpg D'Entrecasteaux Islands, New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?[57]) 0–1400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes nigra[76] Nerz, Wistuba, Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, & S.McPherson[76] 2011[76] Nepenthes from Sulawesi4.jpg Sulawesi[76] 1500–2700 m[76] Least Concern
Nepenthes northiana Hook.f. 1881 N.northaiana.jpg Borneo 0–500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes ovata Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes ovata2.jpg Sumatra 1700–2100 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes palawanensis[77] S.McPherson, , Chi.C.Lee, , & A.S.Rob.[77] 2010[77] Nepenthes palawanensis1.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[77] 1100–1236 m[77] Endangered
Nepenthes paniculata Danser 1928 Nepenthes paniculata lower pitcher.jpg New Guinea ~1460 m Endangered
Nepenthes pantaronensis[34] , , Wistuba, , , & [34] 2014[34] Nepenthes pantaronensis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[34] "intermediate altitudes"[34] Near Threatened[34]
Nepenthes papuana Danser 1928 Nepenthes papuana lower pitcher.jpg New Guinea 0–1300 m Least Concern
Nepenthes parvula[78] & [78] 2016 Australia[78]
Nepenthes peltata Sh.Kurata 2008 Nepenthes peltata2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 865–1635 m
Nepenthes pervillei Blume 1852 Nepenthes pervillei1.jpg Seychelles 350–750 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes petiolata Danser 1928 Nepenthes petiolata upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1450–1900 m Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes philippinensis Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes philippinensis ASR 072007 bacungan palawan.jpg Philippines (Busuanga, Coron, Culion, Linapacan, Palawan)[19][79] 0–600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes pilosa Danser 1928 Nepenthes pilosa2.jpg Borneo ~1600 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes pitopangii Chi.C.Lee, S.McPherson, Bourke & [80] 2009[80] SulawesiNepenthes7.jpg Sulawesi 1400–1800 m[56] Vulnerable
Nepenthes platychila Chi.C.Lee 2002 Borneo 900–1400 m
Nepenthes pulchra[81] , S.McPherson, , , & [81] 2011[81] Nepenthes pulchra aerial pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[81] 1300–1800 m[81]
Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack 1835 Nepenthes rafflesiana ant.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Labuan,[46] Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago)		 0–1200 m[nb 13] Least Concern
Nepenthes rajah Hook.f. 1859 Nepenthes rajah.png Borneo 1500–2650 m Endangered
Nepenthes ramispina Ridl. 1909 N.ramispina2.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 900–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes ramos[82] Jebb & Cheek[82] 2013[82] Nepenthes ramos upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[82]

Minor islands: Camiguin, other neighbouring islands[6]		 at least 670–1400 m[nb 14] Critically Endangered[82] / Near Threatened[6]
Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miq. 1852 Nepreinwardtiana.jpg Borneo, Sumatra

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Nias, Riau Islands (Natuna Islands[14])		 0–2200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes rhombicaulis Sh.Kurata 1973 Nepenthes rhombicaulis1.jpg Sumatra 1600–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes rigidifolia , & 2004 Nepenthes rigidifolia.jpg Sumatra 1000–1600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes robcantleyi Cheek[83] 2011[83] Nepenthes truncata 2011 Chelsea Flower Show-2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[83] ~1800 m[83] Critically Endangered[83]
Nepenthes rosea[84] M.Catal. & [84] 2014[84] Nepenthes rosea - lower pitcher.jpg Thailand[84] 450–520 m[84]
Nepenthes rowaniae F.M.Bailey 1897 Nepenthes rowanae2.jpg Australia 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes samar[85] Jebb & Cheek[85] 2013[85] Philippines (Samar)[85] "low elevation"[85] Critically Endangered[85]
Nepenthes sanguinea Lindl. 1849 N. sanguinea1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand 300–1800 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes saranganiensis Sh.Kurata 2003 Philippines (Mindanao) 1800–2100 m
Nepenthes sibuyanensis Nerz 1998 Nepenthes sibuyanensis ASR 062007 guiting2 sibuyan.jpg Philippines (Sibuyan) 1250–1500 m[nb 15] Vulnerable
Nepenthes singalana Becc. 1886 Nepenthes singalana2.jpg Sumatra 2000–2900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes smilesii Hemsl. 1895 N. smilesii pitchers.jpg Cambodia,[88] Laos, Thailand, Vietnam[89] 0[88]–1500 m
Nepenthes spathulata Danser 1935 Nepspathulata2.jpg Sumatra 1100–2900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes spectabilis Danser 1928 Nepenthes spectabilis 2.JPG Sumatra 1400–2200 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes stenophylla Mast. 1890 N.fallax.jpg Borneo 800–2600 m[nb 16] Least Concern
Nepenthes sumagaya[90] Cheek[90] 2014[90] Nepenthes amabilis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[34] 1600–2247 m[34] Endangered[34]
Nepenthes sumatrana (Miq.) Beck 1895 Nsumatrana11.jpg Sumatra 0–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes suratensis[91] M.Catal.[91] 2010[91] N. suratensis2.jpg Thailand[91] 0–200 m[56] Critically Endangered
Nepenthes surigaoensis Elmer 1915 Nepenthes surigaoensis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 800–1200 m[nb 17]
Nepenthes talaandig[34] , , Wistuba, , , & [34] 2014[34] Nepenthes talaandig lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[34] ~1000 m[34] Vulnerable[34]
Nepenthes talangensis Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes talangensis1.jpg Sumatra 1800–2500 m Endangered
Nepenthes tboli[18] Jebb & Cheek[18] 2014[18] Philippines (Mindanao)[18] 1463 m[18] Critically Endangered[18]
Nepenthes tenax C.Clarke & 2006 Nepenthes tenax1.jpg Australia 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tentaculata Hook.f. 1873 Nep tent311.jpg Borneo, Sulawesi 400–2550 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tenuis Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes tenuis5.jpg Sumatra 1000–1200 m Endangered
Nepenthes thai[27] Cheek[27] 2009[27] N. thai.jpeg Thailand[27] 500–600 m[27] Endangered[27]
Nepenthes thorelii Lecomte 1909 N.Thorelii P6230327.JPG Vietnam 10–20 m[93] Data Deficient
Nepenthes tobaica Danser 1928 Nepenthes tobaica lower pitcher.jpg Sumatra 380–1800 m[nb 18] Least Concern
Nepenthes tomoriana Danser 1928 Neptomoriana1.jpg Sulawesi 0–500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes treubiana Warb. 1891 Nepenthes treubiana1.jpg New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?) 0–80 m[nb 19] Least Concern
Nepenthes truncata Macfarl. 1911 Nepenthes truncata 2.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao)[19] 0–1500 m Endangered
Nepenthes ultra[94] Jebb & Cheek[94] 2013[94] Philippines (Luzon)[94] 1.5–40(–400?) m[94][nb 20] Endangered[94]
Nepenthes undulatifolia[95] Nerz, Wistuba, , Chi.C.Lee, & [95] 2011[95] Sulawesi[95] ~1800 m[95] Data Deficient[95]
Nepenthes veitchii Hook.f. 1859 Veitchii1 cropped.jpg Borneo 0–1600 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco 1837 Nepenthes ventricosa ASR 062007 sumigar luzon.jpg Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Sibuyan)[19] 1000–2000 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes vieillardii Hook.f. 1873 Nepenthes vieillardii pitcher cropped.jpg New Caledonia 0–850 m Least Concern
Nepenthes villosa Hook.f. 1852 Nepenthes villosa.jpg Borneo 1600–3240 m[nb 21] Vulnerable
Nepenthes viridis[96] , , Wistuba, , & [96] 2013[96] Nepenthes viridis intermediate pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Samar)[96]

Minor islands: numerous unspecified islets off Dinagat[96]
Nepenthes vogelii Schuit. & 2002 Kelabit Highlands N. vogelii 28.jpg Borneo 1000–1500 m
Nepenthes weda[35] Cheek[35] 2015[35] Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[35] 415–1014 m[35] Critically Endangered[35]
Nepenthes zygon[18] Jebb & Cheek[18] 2014[18] Philippines (Mindanao)[18] 1500–1875 m[18] Critically Endangered[18]

Incompletely diagnosed taxa[]

The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.[56]

Taxon Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[97] Philippines (Palawan)[97] 1200–1400 m[97]
Nepenthes sp. Misool RajaAmpatNep2.jpg Raja Ampat Islands (Misool) 0–30 m

Nothospecies[]

Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as natural hybrids rather than as species.[2][21][28][29] Of the three, N. × kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species.[28][98] These populations are reportedly true breeding.[28] Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. × kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.[99]

Nothospecies Parent species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes × hookeriana N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana Hort.Veitch ex Mast. 1881 Nepenthes hookeriana upper.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra[42] 0–450 m[8] Least Concern[23]
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis N. rajah × N. villosa Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata 1984 Kinabalu N. × kinabaluensis 6.JPG Borneo[42] 2420–3030 m[42] Endangered[23]
Nepenthes × trichocarpa N. ampullaria × N. gracilis Miq. 1858 Ntrichocarpa1.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,[42] Thailand[89] 0–800 m[28] Least Concern[23]

Extinct species[]

Fossil pollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.[100][101][102] The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.[100]

Species Authority Year Location Age
Nepenthes echinatus (Hunger) 1985 Europe Palaeocene
Nepenthes echinosporus () 1985 Europe Palaeocene
Nepenthes major () 1985 Europe Palaeocene

Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.[103][104]

Pollen from the Kerguelen Islands originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.[105]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Under the narrow circumscription of Cheek & Jebb (2013), N. alata is restricted to northern Luzon, with the more southerly plants previously referred to this species actually representing N. graciliflora, N. negros, and N. ramos.[7] This N. alata sensu stricto has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m and above.[7]
  2. ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1200 m for N. albomarginata.[8]
  3. ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from in Brunei at c. 1600 m.[8]
  4. ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780–1880 m for N. boschiana,[28] while Clarke (1997) gives a range of 900–1880 m.[29]
  5. ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae,[28] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100–2300 m.[8]
  6. ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.[8][28][29]
  7. ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata.[28] The species has reportedly been collected from at 2000–2270 m.[8][38]
  8. ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.[8]
  9. ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150–1500 m for N. hirsuta,[8] while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.[51]
  10. ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii,[28] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900–3400 m.[8]
  11. ^ The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources[62] is apparently incorrect.[2][63]
  12. ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.[8]
  13. ^ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.[8]
  14. ^ The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m[82] and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos[6]) has been recorded at c. 1400 m.[40]
  15. ^ Rybka, Rybková & Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200–1800 m for N. sibuyanensis,[86] while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500–1800 m.[87]
  16. ^ Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding N. stenophylla at 400 m.[51]
  17. ^ Nepenthes surigaoensis may grow as high as 1750 m ("5750 feet" in the original) according to the describing author, Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer.[92]
  18. ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.[28]
  19. ^ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.[28]
  20. ^ The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on Google Earth for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.[94]
  21. ^ Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300–3240 m, but is more common at 1600–1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon.[2] Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.[8]

References[]

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