List of countries by hospital beds

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Hospital beds per 1000 people in 2013

This is a list of countries by hospital beds per 1000 or 100,000 people, as published by the local governments, international organisation (OECD, E.U.), academic sources or others. The number of beds per people is an important indicator of the health care system of a country.[1] The basic measure focus on all hospital beds, which are variously split and occupied. The classic hospital beds are also called curative beds. For severe patients with risk of organ(s) failure, patients are provided intensive care unit beds (aka ICU bed) or critical care beds (CCB).

Among OECD countries, curative beds' occupancy rate average was 75%, from 94.9% (Ireland) to 61.6% (Greece), with half of the OECD's nation between 70% and 80%.[2]

In 2009, European nations, most of them also part of OECD, had an aggregated total of 2070,000 acute beds and 73,585 (2.8%[clarification needed]) critical care beds (CCB) or 11.5CCB/100,000 inhabitants.[3] Germany had 29.2, Portugal 4.2.[3] Aging population leads to increased demand for CCB and difficulties to satisfy it, while both quantity of CCB and availability are poorly documented.[3]

Base capacity for lower-income countries is approximately 0.1 ICU beds per 100,000 citizens.[4][5]

Data[]

See also: Mechanical ventilation and Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation § Availability
Hospital beds by country
Country (or territory) Region Hospital beds per 1,000 people[6] Occupancy (%)[7] ICU-CCB beds
/100,000 inhabitants 		Ventilators
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
 Japan (more) Asia 13.30 13.21 13.17 13.11 13.05 75.50 [8]13.50 [9]45,293
 South Korea (more) Asia 10.92 11.59 11.61 11.98 12.27 N/A [10]10.60 [11]9,795
 Russia (more) Europe 9.07 8.81 8.35 8.16 8.05 N/A [12]8.30 [13]40,000 (27.3 per 100,000 inhabitants)
 Germany (more) Europe 8.28 8.23 8.13 8.06 8.00 [14]62.10 [14]38.70 [15]25,000
 Austria (more) Europe 7.64 7.58 7.54 7.42 7.37 73.80 [16]21.80 [17]2,500
 Hungary (more) Europe 7.04 6.98 6.99 7.00 7.02 65.50 [16]13.80 [18]2,560
 Czech Republic (more) Europe 6.70 6.68 6.67 6.66 6.63 70.10 [16]11.60 [19]3,529
 Poland (more) Europe 6.61 6.63 6.63 6.64 6.62 N/A [16]6.90 [20][21]10,100 (26.6 per 100,000 inhabitants)
 Lithuania (more) Europe 7.28 7.22 6.97 6.69 6.56 73.20 [16]15.50 [22]~1,000
 France (more) Europe 6.28 6.20 6.13 6.06 5.98 75.60 [16]11.60 [23]9,236 (2006)
[24]7,007 (2009)
 Slovakia (more) Europe 5.80 5.79 5.75 5.78 5.82 67.80 [16]9.20 [25]600
 Belgium (more) Europe 5.93 5.85 5.83 5.76 5.76 81.80 [16]15.90 N/A
 Latvia (more) Europe 5.80 5.66 5.69 5.72 5.57 71.10 [16]9.70 N/A
 Hong Kong (more) Asia 5.40 5.40 5.40 N/A N/A N/A [10]7.10 N/A
 Estonia (more) Europe 5.01 5.01 4.96 4.76 4.69 70.40 [16]14.60 N/A
 Luxembourg (more) Europe 5.17 5.05 4.93 4.81 4.66 70.70 [16]24.80 N/A
 Switzerland (more) Europe 4.68 4.58 4.58 4.55 4.53 82.00 [16]11.00 N/A
 Slovenia (more) Europe 4.55 4.54 4.51 4.49 4.50 69.50 [16]6.40 N/A
 China (more) Asia 3.31 3.57 3.82 4.05 4.34 N/A [10]3.6 N/A
 Greece (more) Europe 4.24 4.24 4.25 4.20 4.21 [16]61.60 [26]11.2 N/A
 Australia (more) Oceania 3.74 3.79 3.82 3.84 N/A N/A [27]9.10 [28]1,314
 Norway (more) Europe 3.86 3.84 3.76 3.68 3.60 80.70 [16]8.00 [29]800
 Portugal (more) Europe 3.39 3.32 3.37 3.39 3.39 66.80 [16]4.20 [30]1,400
 Netherlands (more) Europe 4.18 N/A 3.52 3.44 3.32 65.40 [16]6.40 N/A
 Finland (more) Europe 4.87 4.53 4.35 3.97 3.28 N/A [16]6.10 N/A
 Italy (more) Europe 3.31 3.21 3.20 3.17 3.18 78.90 [16]12.50 [31]5,324 (January 2020)
[13]5,000 (8.3 per 100,000 inhabitants)
 Iceland (more) Europe 3.22 3.16 3.12 3.13 3.06 N/A [16]9.10 N/A
 Israel (more) Asia 3.09 3.08 3.03 2.99 3.02 93.30 N/A
 Spain (more) Europe 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.97 2.97 75.30 [16]9.70 N/A
 Ireland (more) Europe 2.56 2.57 2.92 2.97 2.96 94.90 [16]6.50 N/A
 Turkey (more) Asia 2.65 2.68 2.68 2.75 2.81 68.00 [32]46.50 [33]17,000
 United States (more) Americas 2.89 2.83 2.80 2.77 N/A 64.00 [34]29.40 [35]177,000
[13]68,000 (18.8 per 100,000 inhabitants)
 New Zealand (more) Oceania 2.78 2.75 2.71 2.73 2.71 N/A [36]4.60 [37]334
 Denmark (more) Europe 3.07 2.69 2.53 2.60 2.61 N/A [16]6.70 N/A
 United Kingdom (more) Europe 2.76 2.73 2.61 2.57 2.54 84.30 [16]6.60 [15]5,000
[13]8,175 (10.1 per 100,000 inhabitants)
 Canada (more) Americas 2.71 2.67 2.61 2.58 2.52 91.60 [38]13.50 N/A
 Sweden (more) Europe 2.59 2.54 2.44 2.34 2.22 N/A [16]5.80 [39]570
 Chile (more) Americas 2.16 2.11 2.14 2.12 2.11 79.10 N/A N/A
 Ukraine (more) Europe N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.80 N/A N/A [13]3,600

2020 coronavirus pandemic[]

Main article: Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic
A patient and clinicians in an intensive care unit

The availability of CCB-ICU beds,[40] mechanical ventilation[41][42] and ECMO devices[43] generally closely associated with hospital beds has been described as a critical bottleneck in responding to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of such devices dramatically raises the mortality rate of COVID-19.

In early March, the UK government supported a strategy to develop natural herd immunity, drawing sharp criticism from medical personnel and researchers.[44] Various forecasts by Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team, made public on March 16, suggested that the peak number of cases in the UK would require between 100 and 225 CCBs / 100,000 inhabitants,[45] if proper mitigation or no mitigation strategies are put into force, respectively. These requirements would both exceed the UK's current capacities of 6.6[3]–14[45] CCB / 100,000 inhabitants. In the best case scenario, the peak caseload would require 7.5 times the current number of available ICU beds.[46] Around March 16, the UK government changed trajectory toward a more standard mitigation/suppression strategy.[44]

In France, around March 15, the Grand Est region was the first to express the scarcity of CCB limiting its handling of the crisis.[47] Assistance-publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), which manages most hospitals in the French capital area (~10 million inhabitants), reported the need for 19 400 ICUs.[48] Current capacity is reported to be between 1500[48] and 350,[49] depending on the source.

In Europe, the company producing 1500 ICU-level ventilators and 20,000 home-level ventilator per year for France alone, pointed out of the current high demand and production shortage. Based in Germany, all their components are European and not relying on Chinese supply chains. As for production ramp up, the company has increased the production of mobile ventilators, that are more basic and can be assembled in half an hour, yet able to support patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.[50] Due to the coronavirus pandemic, in March 2020 the German government ordered 16.500 units for ventilation and intubation from two German companies.[51] According to the company spokesman, a second bottleneck is the number of available medical staff, trained for such medical devices.[50]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Health Care Resources". stats.oecd.org. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  2. ^ Health at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators, 9. Health care activities : Hospital beds and discharges rates. www.oecd-ilibrary.org. Health at a Glance. 2019. pp. 194–195. doi:10.1787/4dd50c09-en. ISBN 9789264382084. Archived from the original on 2020-04-28. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Rhodes, A.; Ferdinande, P.; Flaatten, H.; Guidet, B.; Metnitz, P. G.; Moreno, R. P. (2012-10-01). "The variability of critical care bed numbers in Europe". Intensive Care Medicine. 38 (10): 1647–1653. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2627-8. ISSN 1432-1238. PMID 22777516.
  4. ^ Bradley, Jane (2020-04-09). "In Scramble for Coronavirus Supplies, Rich Countries Push Poor Aside". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  5. ^ Murthy, Srinivas; Leligdowicz, Aleksandra; Adhikari, Neill K. J. (2015-01-24). "Intensive Care Unit Capacity in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review". PLOS ONE. 10 (1): e0116949. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1016949M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116949. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4305307. PMID 25617837.
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  8. ^ "ＩＣＵ等の病床に関する国際比較について" [International comparison of ICU beds] (PDF). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. May 6, 2020.
  9. ^ "国内の病院における人工呼吸器等の取扱台数推計値" [Estimated number of ventilators handled in domestic hospitals] (PDF). Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. May 2020.
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  11. ^ "국민건강보험공단, 건강보험심사평가원<건강보험통계>". 2020-03-28. Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
  12. ^ http://government.ru/news/39,218
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  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "DIVI-Intensivregister Tagesreport 2020-05-19". Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin e.V. 2020-05-19.
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  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Rhodes, A.; Ferdinande, P.; Flaatten, H.; Guidet, B.; Metnitz, P. G.; Moreno, R. P. (2012-10-01). "The variability of critical care bed numbers in Europe". Intensive Care Medicine. 38 (10): 1, 647–1, 653. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2627-8. ISSN 1432-1238. PMID 22777516. S2CID 13403606.
  17. ^ "Die Ruhe vor dem Ansturm in die Spitäler". 2020-03-22.
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  20. ^ "Poland has time for action". 2020-03-10.
  21. ^ "Walka z koronawirusem. Ile w Polsce jest urządzeń do wspomagania oddychania?". 2020-03-11.
  22. ^ Aurelijus Veryga, in a press conference
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  25. ^ "Nový model nákazy: Pri vrchole môže byť 170-tisíc nakazených, pri pomalšom šírení sa kríza natiahne do 2021". 2020-03-31.
  26. ^ https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/05/04/greece-plans-to-add-more-icu-beds/. Archived from the original on 2021-09-08. Retrieved 2021-09-08. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  28. ^ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1,177/0310,057X1003800,124/ref
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  33. ^ "Koronavirüs: Solunum cihazı nedir, Türkiye'de kaç adet var?". 2020-03-30.
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  37. ^ Ventilators and ICU bed capacity (PDF) (Report). Ministry of Health, New Zealand. 29 April 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
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  39. ^ TT, Anja Haglund / (March 19, 2020). "Tusentals respiratorer borta sedan 90-talet". Svenska Dagbladet. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2021 – via www.svd.se.
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  41. ^ Kliff, Sarah; Satariano, Adam; Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Kulish, Nicholas (2020-03-18). "There Aren't Enough Ventilators to Cope With the Coronavirus". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  42. ^ Daugherty Biddison, E. Lee; Faden, Ruth; Gwon, Howard S.; Mareiniss, Darren P.; Regenberg, Alan C.; Schoch-Spana, Monica; Schwartz, Jack; Toner, Eric S. (2019-04-01). "Too Many Patients…A Framework to Guide Statewide Allocation of Scarce Mechanical Ventilation During Disasters". Chest. 155 (4): 848–854. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.025. ISSN 0012-3692. PMID 30316913. S2CID 52978628.
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  49. ^ See Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris.
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  51. ^ "Löwenstein Medical in Rheinland-Pfalz: Wichtiger Auftrag: Diese deutsche Firma soll neue Beatmungsgeräte liefern". www.noz.de (in German). Retrieved 2020-03-30.
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