List of countries by population in 1800

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1700	1800	1900

This is a list of countries by population in 1800. Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year, and exact population figures are for countries that were having a census in the year 1800 (which were on various dates in that year). The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 21 to 24, which cover population figures from the year 1800 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison. Italian sub figures are derived from elsewhere.^[1] Other figures come from Jan Lahmeyer's website,^[2] which in turn is based on a variety of sources.^[3]

Country/Territory	Population c. 1800	Percentage of World Population
World	978,000,000	–
Qing China^[2] subdivisions China Proper – 295,273,300 Taiwan – 2,000,000 Mongolia – 619,000^[4] Xinjiang – 475,000^[5] Hong Kong – 20,000	297,623,950	30.4%
Maratha Confederacy^[6]^{[note 1]}	~207,000,000	21.1%
Britain and possessions^[7]^[2]^[8]^{[note 2]} subdivisions {{bulleted list British India^[9] – 30,765,640 constituents Bengal Presidency – 28,796,640 Kingdom of Mysore – 1,969,000 Hyderabad State – ? Kingdom of Great Britain^[10]^[11] – 10,481,401 Kingdom of Ireland – 5,200,000 Canada (Upper & Lower) – 300,000 British Caribbean – 436,643 constituents Jamaica – 250,000 Barbados – 81,000 Guyana – 50,000 Grenada – 20,000 Trinidad & Tobago – 17,643 The Bahamas – 8,000 Belize – 15,000 Gibraltar – 5,339 Australia – 5,200^[12]^[13]^{[note 3]} Bermuda – 4,000 Hannover – ?	47,500,000	4.8%
France and possessions^[14]^[2] subdivisions French Republic – 26,758,000 Dutch Empire – 6,200,000 subdivisions Dutch East Indies – 4,200,000 Batavian Republic – 1,850,000 Cape Colony – 1,550,000 Surinam – 54,000 Gold Coast – ? Curaçao and Dependencies – ? Aruba – ? Bengal – ? Suratte – ? Coromandel – ? Belgium – 4,000,000 Subalpine Republic – 2,661,000 Ligurian Republic – 2,011,000 Helvetic Republic – 1,600,000 Cisrhenian Republic – 1,600,000 Cisalpine Republic – 1,300,000 Saint-Domingue – 657,000 French India – 175,000 Luxembourg – 140,000 Mauritius^[8] – 70,000 Malta – 60,000 Louisiana – 44,116 French Guiana – 14,500 Principality of Andorra – 5,000 Saint Pierre and Miquelon – ?	47,296,000	4.8%
Holy Roman Empire^[15] subdivisions Bohemian Crown – 5,516,000 Archduchy of Austria and related territories – 3,370,000 Electorate of Bavaria – 3,200,000 Margraviate of Brandenburg – 1,500,000 Duchy of Württemberg – 1,350,000 Duchy of Milan – 1,100,000^[16] Electorate of Saxony – 1,050,000 Grand Duchy of Tuscany – 1,000,000 Margraviate of Baden – 912,000 Duchy of Styria – 800,000 Imperial Free City of Trieste – 40,000 Thuringian states – 612,000 County of Tyrol – 610,000 Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt – 520,000 Duchy of Parma – 500,000 Duchy of Modena and Reggio – 350,000 Duchy of Carniola – 400,000 Duchy of Holstein – 350,000 Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 318,000 Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 300,000 Nassau – 270,000 Austrian Silesia – 250,000 Bishopric of Würzburg – 250,000 Duchy of Oldenburg – 159,000 Principality of Reuss Elder Line – 76,308 Principality of Lippe – 70,540 Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – 70,000 Anhalt-Dessau – 52,000 Arenberg – 48,000 Anhalt-Bernburg – 35,000 Anhalt-Köthen – 33,000 Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe – 20,132 Liechtenstein – 5,400 Archbishopric of Salzburg- 220,000 Hanover – 777,000 Electorate of Mainz – 336,000 Electorate of Trier – 240,000 Electorate of Cologne – 238,000 Electoral Palatinate – 228,000 Duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg – ? Saxe-Lauenburg – ? Prince-Bishopric of Münster – 350,000 Duchy of Magdeburg – 269,000 Hamburg – 150,000 Hesse-Homburg – ? Free City of Lübeck – 45,000 Schleswig – ? Bishopric of Lübeck – ? Principality of Ansbach – 215,000	41,050,000	4.2%
Russian Empire^[2] subdivisions Russia – 21,248,000 Ukraine^{[note 4]} – 7,800,000 Russian Poland – 1,200,000 Governorate of Livonia and Courland Governorate – 725,000 Governorate of Estonia – 650,000 Grand Duchy of Lithuania – 600,000 Septinsular Republic – 120,000 Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti – ?	35,005,000	3.6%
Tokugawa Japan^[2]	29,000,000	3.0%
Ottoman Empire^[2]^[17] subdivisions Anatolia – 8,400,000 Egypt Eyalet – 4,394,000^[4] Beylik of Tunis – ? Bulgaria – 2,700,000 Ottoman Tripolitania – ? Iraq- ? Ottoman Algeria – 3,000,000^[18] Greece – 500,000 Habesh Eyalet – ? Serbia – ? Syria – ? Sidon Eyalet – ? Albania – ? Palestine – ? Cyprus – ? Bosnia – ? Crete – ? Childir Eyalet – ? vassal states Principality of Wallachia – 1,000,000^[19] Principality of Moldavia - 900,000^[19] Kingdom of Imereti – ? Septinsular Republic – ?	26,000,000	2.7%
Spain and possessions^[2] subdivisions Kingdom of Spain – 10,541,000 New Spain – 5,945,000 New Granada – 2,300,000 Río de la Plata – 2,082,000 Philippines – 1,800,000 Peru – 1,400,000 Chile – 800,000 Guatemala – 425,000 Cuba – 300,000 Puerto Rico – 136,000 Louisiana – 44,116 Yucatán – ? Provincias Internas – ?	24,710,115	2.5%
Habsburg Monarchy^[2] subdivisions Kingdom of Hungary – 6,300,000 Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria – 3,900,000 Kingdom of Bohemia – 2,810,000 Venetian Province – 1,845,000 Archduchy of Austria – 1,820,000 Principality of Transylvania – 1,500,000 Margraviate of Moravia – 1,260,000 Duchy of Styria – 800,000 County of Tyrol – 610,000 Military Frontier – 565,000 Kingdom of Croatia – 400,000 Duchy of Carniola – 400,000 Duchy of Carinthia – 300,000 Dalmatia – 300,000 Austrian Silesia – 250,000 Duchy of Bukovina – 130,000 Imperial Free City of Trieste – 40,000 Kingdom of Slavonia – 285,000 County of Gorizia and Gradisca – 120,000	23,145,000	2.4%
Joseon^[20]	16,500,000	1.7%
Kingdom of Prussia subdivisions Margraviate of Brandenburg – 1,500,000	10,700,000^{[citation needed]}	1.1%
Carnatic Sultanate^[21]	9,574,458	1%
Portuguese Empire^[2] subdivisions Viceroyalty of Brazil – 3,600,000 Kingdom of Portugal – 2,970,000 Mozambique – 1,250,000 Angola – 1,010,000 Timor – 300,000 Portuguese India – 210,000 constituents Goa Dadra and Nagar Haveli Cape Verde – ? Guinea – ? Portuguese Macau – ?	9,270,000	0.9%
Đại Việt^[22]	7,291,000	0.7%
Kingdom of Naples and Sicily^[14] subdivisions Kingdom of Naples – 5,000,000 Kingdom of Sicily – 1,700,000	6,700,000	0.7%
Iran^[23]	6,000,000	0.6%
United States of America^[24]	5,308,483	0.5%
Morocco^[7]	5,000,000	0.5%
Siam^[25]^{[note 5]}	4,700,000	0.5%
Burma^[26]	4,200,000	0.4%
Sikh Empire^[27]	3,500,000	0.4%
Sweden^[28]	3,347,000	0.2%
Durrani Afghan Empire^[7]	3,280,000	0.2%
Papal States^[29]	2,300,000	0.2%
Denmark–Norway^[28]^[2] subdivisions Denmark – 929,000 Norway- 883,000 Holstein – 350,000 Iceland- 46,000 Danish West Indies – 40,000 Greenland – 5,000 Schleswig – ? Danish India – ?	2,200,000	0.2%
Emirate of Diriyah^[7] subdivisions Trucial Sheiks – 41,000	2,132,000	0.2%
Cambodia^[7]	2,090,000	0.2%
Southern Vietnam under Nguyen Anh^[30]	1,770,000	0.2%
Kingdom of Sardinia	2,900,000^[31]	0.30%
Grand Duchy of Tuscany^[14]	1,224,000	0.13%
Parma^[14]	415,000	0.042%
Sultanate of Oman^[7] subdivisions Oman – 300,000 Bahrain – 63,000	363,000	0.037%
Ryukyu Kingdom^[32]	155,650	0.016%
Republic of Lucca^[14]	120,000	0.012%
Republic of Ragusa^[2]	30,000	0.012%
Qatar^[7]	14,000	0.0014%

Note[]

The aggregate populations will exceed the total population because some states existed in multiple entities. For example, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg Monarchy had holdings that were also part of the Holy Roman Empire (though not all of the Prussian and Habsburg territories shared this aspect). In another case, the province of Wallachia was a vassal of the Ottoman sultan, but also a tributary of the Russian Empire.

Notes[]

^ In 1800 the Maratha Confederacy controlled roughly 2,500,000 km2 of land, or 56% of the Indian subcontinent, which had a population of 207 million at the time according to Mahalanobis and Bhattacharya.
^ Several territories were under the rule of the British East India Company rather than being directly controlled by the British government. London would not directly manage the Indian princely states until 1858
^ This estimation of population excludes Aboriginal Australians who were not included in estimations of populations until 1967.
^ Left-bank Ukraine and Right-bank Ukraine included.
^ This is the population of the territory that makes up modern Thailand in 1800, not the territory Siam controlled. In 1800, Siam controlled parts of Laos and Cambodia, meaning that the population is potentially higher.

References[]

^ Journal of the Private Life and Conversations of the Emperor, Vol. 3. Emmanuel-Auguste-Dieudonne comte de Las Cases. 1816.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Lahmeyer, Jan (2006). populstat.info https://web.archive.org/web/20170201224557/http://populstat.info/. Archived from the original on 2017-02-01. Retrieved 2019-01-28. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "SOURCES". www.populstat.info. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ ^a ^b Avakov, Alexander V. (April 2015). Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1. ISBN 9781628941012.
^ Millward, James (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
^ Sahu, Binod K. (2004). Aids And Population Education. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 9788120726581.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Avakov, Alexander V. (April 2015). Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1. ISBN 9781628941012. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
^ ^a ^b Robert Montgomery Martin (1843). History of the Colonies of the British Empire. W. H. Allen. p. 404. population.
^ Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th–21st Centuries). 27 March 2014. p. 101. ISBN 9789004271364. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
^ A. K. Cairncross, The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life by Members of the Staff of Glasgow University (Glasgow: Glasgow University Press, 1953), p. 10.
^ MArshall, John (1838). "Statistics of the British Empire".
^ "AUSTRALIA historical demographical data of the whole country". Populstat. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
^ "Historical population methodology". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Tacitus, Historical Populations of European States". Retrieved 6 May 2016.
^ The combined population of Germany (25m), Austria (3.37m), Czechia (5.516m), Belgium (3.434m), Slovenia (0.469m), and a third of Italy (6.7m). Avakov, p. 21-23. Many of these places were under the occupation of France, but the Empire was not formally dissolved until 1806.
^ Territory also includes the rest of "Austrian Lombardy."
^ Inalcik, Halil; Qautaert, Donald, eds. (1994). An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2. ISBN 9780521574556.
^ Isichei, Elizabeth Isichei (1997). A history of African societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. p. 263. ISBN 0-521-45444-1. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
^ ^a ^b Murgescu, Bogdan (14 June 2016). Romania si Europa. Polirom. pp. 75–76. ISBN 9789734620418.
^ 이헌창 (1999). 한국경제통사 52쪽.
^ (PDF) https://memory.loc.gov/service/gdc/scd0001/2010/20101209001sh/20101209001sh.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ http://gpih.ucdavis.edu/files/Vietnam_GDP_1800-1970_24apr14.xlsx
^ Malcolm, John. "The History of Persia: From the Most Early Period to the Present Time" (1815), via Encyclopædia Iranica at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/economy-viii-in-the-qajar-period
^ "Decennial Census – History – U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
^ https://www.statista.com/statistics/1067115/population-thailand-historical/
^ Ritchell, Judith L., "Disease and Demography in Colonial Burma" (2006), pp.11–16, via: https://books.google.com.qa/books?id=bPfIycHCKwMC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=population+siam+1800&source=bl&ots=rL0_ud1PmK&sig=ZNC0CTjOOOHHNV5vFx_IQEpkKs0&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=population%20siam%201800&f=false
^ Singh, Amarinder, "The Last Sunset: The Rise & Fall of the Lahore Durbar", Roli Books (2012).
^ ^a ^b "Population of Scandinavia". Retrieved 22 April 2016.
^ "Papal States". Retrieved 22 April 2016.
^ Khâm định Việt sử thông giám cương mục, Library of National Bureau, 1874
^ Journal of the Private Life and Conversations of the Emperor, Vol. 3. Emmanuel-Auguste-Dieudonne comte de Las Cases. 1816.
^ (a) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 11), pp. 87–134 (1998). (b) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian and early modern Ryūkyū", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 13), pp. 1–42 (2000) (all in Japanese).

Kurt Witthauer. Bevölkerung der Erde (1958)
Calendario atlante de Agostini, anno 99 (2003)
The Columbia gazetteer of the world (1998)
Britannica book of the year : world data (1997)

[7] In 1800 the Maratha Confederacy controlled roughly 2,500,000 km2 of land, or 56% of the Indian subcontinent, which had a population of 207 million at the time according to Mahalanobis and Bhattacharya.

[10] Several territories were under the rule of the British East India Company rather than being directly controlled by the British government. London would not directly manage the Indian princely states until 1858

[16] This estimation of population excludes Aboriginal Australians who were not included in estimations of populations until 1967.

[20] Left-bank Ukraine and Right-bank Ukraine included.

[30] This is the population of the territory that makes up modern Thailand in 1800, not the territory Siam controlled. In 1800, Siam controlled parts of Laos and Cambodia, meaning that the population is potentially higher.

[1] Journal of the Private Life and Conversations of the Emperor, Vol. 3. Emmanuel-Auguste-Dieudonne comte de Las Cases. 1816.

[Population_Statistics:_Historical_Demography-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Lahmeyer, Jan (2006). populstat.info https://web.archive.org/web/20170201224557/http://populstat.info/. Archived from the original on 2017-02-01. Retrieved 2019-01-28. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[3] "SOURCES". www.populstat.info. Retrieved 2019-01-28.

[FOOTNOTEAvakov,_Alexander_V._(April_2015)._Two_Thousand_Years_of_Economic_Statistics,_Volume_1._ISBN_9781628941012.-4] Avakov, Alexander V. (April 2015). Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1. ISBN 9781628941012.

[FOOTNOTEMillward,_James_(2007)._Eurasian_Crossroads:_A_History_of_Xinjiang._Columbia_University_Press._ISBN_978-0-231-13924-3.-5] Millward, James (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.

[6] Sahu, Binod K. (2004). Aids And Population Education. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 9788120726581.

[Two_Thousand_Years_of_Economic_Statistics,_Volume_1-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Avakov, Alexander V. (April 2015). Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1. ISBN 9781628941012. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

[History_of_the_Colonies_of_the_British_Empire-9] Robert Montgomery Martin (1843). History of the Colonies of the British Empire. W. H. Allen. p. 404. population.

[Globalising_Migration_History:_The_Eurasian_Experience-11] Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th–21st Centuries). 27 March 2014. p. 101. ISBN 9789004271364. Retrieved 28 July 2016.

[12] A. K. Cairncross, The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life by Members of the Staff of Glasgow University (Glasgow: Glasgow University Press, 1953), p. 10.

[13] MArshall, John (1838). "Statistics of the British Empire".

[14] "AUSTRALIA historical demographical data of the whole country". Populstat. Retrieved 2018-12-22.

[15] "Historical population methodology". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2021-09-21.

[Tacitus,_Historical_Populations_of_European_States-17] "Tacitus, Historical Populations of European States". Retrieved 6 May 2016.

[18] The combined population of Germany (25m), Austria (3.37m), Czechia (5.516m), Belgium (3.434m), Slovenia (0.469m), and a third of Italy (6.7m). Avakov, p. 21-23. Many of these places were under the occupation of France, but the Empire was not formally dissolved until 1806.

[19] Territory also includes the rest of "Austrian Lombardy."

[21] Inalcik, Halil; Qautaert, Donald, eds. (1994). An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2. ISBN 9780521574556.

[22] Isichei, Elizabeth Isichei (1997). A history of African societies to 1870. Cambridge University Press. p. 263. ISBN 0-521-45444-1. Retrieved 24 October 2010.

[Murgescu2016-23] Murgescu, Bogdan (14 June 2016). Romania si Europa. Polirom. pp. 75–76. ISBN 9789734620418.

[24] 이헌창 (1999). 한국경제통사 52쪽.

[25] (PDF) https://memory.loc.gov/service/gdc/scd0001/2010/20101209001sh/20101209001sh.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[26] ttp://gpih.ucdavis.edu/files/Vietnam_GDP_1800-1970_24apr14.xlsx

[27] Malcolm, John. "The History of Persia: From the Most Early Period to the Present Time" (1815), via Encyclopædia Iranica at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/economy-viii-in-the-qajar-period

[28] "Decennial Census – History – U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-25.

[29] ttps://www.statista.com/statistics/1067115/population-thailand-historical/

[31] Ritchell, Judith L., "Disease and Demography in Colonial Burma" (2006), pp.11–16, via: https://books.google.com.qa/books?id=bPfIycHCKwMC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=population+siam+1800&source=bl&ots=rL0_ud1PmK&sig=ZNC0CTjOOOHHNV5vFx_IQEpkKs0&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=population%20siam%201800&f=false

[32] Singh, Amarinder, "The Last Sunset: The Rise & Fall of the Lahore Durbar", Roli Books (2012).

[Population_of_Scandinavia-33] "Population of Scandinavia". Retrieved 22 April 2016.

[34] "Papal States". Retrieved 22 April 2016.

[35] Khâm định Việt sử thông giám cương mục, Library of National Bureau, 1874

[36] Journal of the Private Life and Conversations of the Emperor, Vol. 3. Emmanuel-Auguste-Dieudonne comte de Las Cases. 1816.

[Ryukyu-37] (a) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 11), pp. 87–134 (1998). (b) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian and early modern Ryūkyū", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 13), pp. 1–42 (2000) (all in Japanese).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[note 1]

[7]

[8]

[note 2]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[note 3]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[note 4]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[note 5]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

v t Lists of countries by population statistics
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List of international rankings Lists by country

List of countries by population in 1800

Contents

Note[]

See also[]

Notes[]

References[]