List of countries in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index

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The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing or an under-developed country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. Countries fall into four broad categories based on their HDI: very high, high, medium, and low human development. Currently, no Oceanian country falls into the low human development category while Afghanistan and Yemen are the only Asian countries which fall into this category.

The index was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq[1] and Indian economist Amartya Sen.[2]

List[]

Asian countries by Human Development Index (2020)
  0.901 to 0.950
  0.851 to 0.900
  0.801 to 0.850
  0.751 to 0.800
  0.701 to 0.750
  0.651 to 0.700
  0.601 to 0.650
  0.551 to 0.600
  0.501 to 0.550
  0.451 to 0.500
  Data unavailable

The table below presents the latest Human Development Index (HDI)[3] for countries in Asia and the Pacific as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report released on 15 December 2020 and based on data collected in 2019.[4]

Countries with contiguous boundaries that are partially (but not entirely) located in Asia are shown here in italics, but HDI figures are given for the whole country. Macao, North Korea, and Taiwan in Asia, as well as Nauru and Tuvalu in Oceania are not ranked as they are not included in the latest report by the United Nations Development Programme.

List of countries and territories in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index
Rank Nation Human Development Index (HDI)
Region World HDI value (2019) Change in HDI value 2018-19
Very High Human Development
1 4  Hong Kong [note 1] 0.949 Increase 0.010
2 8  Australia 0.944 Increase 0.006
3 11  Singapore 0.938 Increase 0.003
4 14  New Zealand 0.931 Increase 0.010
5 19  Japan 0.919 Increase 0.004
5 19  Israel 0.919 Increase 0.013
7 23  South Korea 0.916 Increase 0.010
– –  Taiwan 0.916 [note 2] Increase 0.005
8 31  United Arab Emirates 0.890 Increase 0.024
9 33  Cyprus [note 3] 0.887 Increase 0.014
10 40  Saudi Arabia 0.854 Decrease 0.003
11 42  Bahrain 0.852 Increase 0.014
12 45  Qatar 0.848 Steady
13 47  Brunei 0.838 Increase 0.007
14 50  Palau 0.826 Increase 0.012
15 51  Kazakhstan [note 4] 0.825 Increase 0.008
16 52  Russia [note 5] 0.824 Steady
17 54  Turkey [note 6] 0.820 Increase 0.014
18 60  Oman 0.813 Decrease 0.021
19 61  Georgia [note 7] 0.812 Increase 0.026
20 62  Malaysia 0.810 Increase 0.006
21 64  Kuwait 0.806 Decrease 0.002
High Human Development
22 70  Iran 0.783 Decrease 0.014
23 72  Sri Lanka 0.782 Increase 0.002
24 79  Thailand 0.777 Increase 0.012
25 81  Armenia [note 8] 0.776 Increase 0.016
26 85  China [note 9] 0.761 Increase 0.003
27 88  Azerbaijan [note 10] 0.756 Increase 0.002
28 92  Lebanon 0.744 Increase 0.014
29 93  Fiji 0.743 Increase 0.019
30 95  Maldives 0.740 Increase 0.021
31 99  Mongolia 0.737 Increase 0.002
32 102  Jordan 0.729 Increase 0.006
33 104  Tonga 0.725 Increase 0.008
34 106  Uzbekistan 0.720 Increase 0.010
35 107  Philippines 0.718 Increase 0.006
35 107  Indonesia 0.718 Increase 0.011
37 111  Turkmenistan 0.715 Increase 0.005
37 111  Samoa 0.715 Increase 0.008
39 115  Palestine 0.708 Increase 0.018
40 116  Egypt [note 11] 0.707 Increase 0.007
41 117  Marshall Islands 0.704 Increase 0.006
41 117  Vietnam 0.704 Increase 0.011
Medium Human Development
43 120  Kyrgyzstan 0.697 Increase 0.023
44 123  Iraq 0.674 Decrease 0.015
45 125  Tajikistan 0.668 Increase 0.012
46 129  Bhutan 0.654 Increase 0.037
47 131  India 0.645 Decrease 0.002
48 133  Bangladesh 0.632 Increase 0.018
49 134  Kiribati 0.630 Increase 0.007
50 136  Micronesia 0.620 Increase 0.006
51 137  Laos 0.613 Increase 0.009
52 140  Vanuatu 0.609 Increase 0.012
53 141  East Timor 0.606 Decrease 0.020
54 142    Nepal 0.602 Increase 0.023
55 144  Cambodia 0.594 Increase 0.013
56 147  Myanmar 0.583 Decrease 0.001
57 151  Solomon Islands 0.567 Increase 0.010
57 151  Syria 0.567 Increase 0.018
59 154  Pakistan 0.557 Decrease 0.003
60 155  Papua New Guinea 0.555 Increase 0.012
Low Human Development
61 169  Afghanistan 0.511 Increase 0.015
62 179  Yemen 0.470 Increase 0.007

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Special administrative region (SAR) of China.
  2. ^ In the 2018 Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI) Database, Taiwan's HDI was given as 0.880 among China's data.[5]However, from 2019 onward, Taiwan and Hong Kong are no longer included in the SHDI Database among Chinese divisions.[6] By contrast, the HDIs which published by the Statistical Bureau of Taiwan in its 2019 & 2020 reports were displayed as 0.911 in 2018, and 0.916 in 2019 respectively.[7][8] The cause of discrepancy was due to lack of available national data in the UNDP database for Taiwan. The SHDI claimed that the data collection for Taiwan was also derived from the Taiwanese Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics;[9] in this list the latter source is used as primary data.
  3. ^ Cyprus is geographically in Western Asia (or the Middle East), though politically and culturally it is considered as being in Europe.
  4. ^ Certain regions of Kazakhstan, particularly West Kazakhstan and Atyrau, are partly located in Europe.
  5. ^ Geographically, the majority of Russia lies in North Asia, but Russia is culturally, ethnically, and politically a part of Europe. Asian Russia covers up to more than 75% of Russia's total land area, but only 22% of its total population.
  6. ^ A portion of Turkey, known as East Thrace, is a part of Europe, making up about 3% of the country's land area and 14% of its population.
  7. ^ The municipality of Kazbegi is located in Europe, which makes up about 0.1% of the country's population.
  8. ^ Armenia is geographically in Western Asia (or the Middle East), though politically and culturally it is considered as being in Europe.
  9. ^ Data for China are calculated without Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao.
  10. ^ The districts of Qusar, Shabran, Siazan, Khachmaz, and Quba are geographically in Europe, placing about 5% of the population in Europe.
  11. ^ The portion of Egypt located in Asia is the Sinai Peninsula, comprising about 6% of the country's landmass. However, it is politically a part of Africa.

References[]

  1. ^ "History of the Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  2. ^ "The Human Development concept". UNDP. 2010. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  3. ^ "Table 1: Human Development Index and its components".
  4. ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  5. ^ "GDL Area Database". Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI). Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  6. ^ "Human Development Indices (5.0)- China". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  7. ^ "國情統計通報（第 019 號）" (PDF) (in Chinese). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC). 4 February 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  8. ^ "國情統計通報（第 014 號）" (PDF) (in Chinese). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC). 21 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  9. ^ Smits, J., Permanyer, I. (12 March 2019). "The Subnational Human Development Database. Sci Data 6, 190038". The Subnational Human Development Database. Retrieved 11 March 2021.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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