List of international environmental agreements
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This is a list of international environmental agreements.
Most of the following agreements are legally binding for countries that have formally ratified them. Some, such as the Kyoto Protocol, differentiate between types of countries and each nation's respective responsibilities under the agreement. Several hundred international environmental agreements exist but most link only a limited number of countries. These bilateral or sometimes trilateral agreements are only binding for the countries that have ratified them but are nevertheless essential in the international environmental regime. Including the major conventions listed below, more than 3,000 international environmental instruments have been identified by the IEA Database Project.[1]
Alphabetical order[]
- Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998
- Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
- Alpine Convention together with its nine protocols
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) (ABMT)
- ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
- Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate
- Barcelona Convention for Protection against Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea, 1976
- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989
- Biological Weapons Convention (Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological [Biological] and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction) (BWC)
- Bonn Agreement
- Carpathian Convention Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians[2]
- Chemical Weapons Convention
- China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement
- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), 1996
- Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980
- , Abidjan, 198
Coastal Marine and Island Biodiversity Conservation Project
- , Cartagena de Indias, 1983
- Convention of the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region, Nairobi, 1985
- , Lima, 1981
- Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-east Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992
- , Nouméa, 1986
- Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986
- Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa, Bamako, 1991
- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992
- Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
- (CRTD), Geneva, 1989
- Convention on Cluster Munitions
- Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
- Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), Bonn, 1979
- Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986
- Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas
- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), Washington, DC, 1973
- Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
- Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1940
- Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994
- Multi-effect Protocol (Gothenburg protocol) [6]
- Nitrogen Oxide Protocol
- POP Air Pollution Protocol
- Sulphur Emissions Reduction Protocols 1985 and 1994
- Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol
- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter
- Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
- Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992
- , Bucharest, 1992
- Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area , Helsinki, 1992
- Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992
- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (notably not a Multilateral Environmental Agreement)
- Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region, Waigani, 1995
- Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), Paris, 1994
- Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions
- Energy Community (Energy Community South East Europe Treaty) (ECSEE)
- Espoo Convention Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 1991
- (AND), Geneva, 2000
- European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Geneva, 1957
- , Rome, 1985
- , Rome, 1983
- Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea
- Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), New York, 1992
- Geneva Protocol (Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare)
- International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966
- International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
- International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, London, 1954, 1962, 1969
- International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), Washington, 1946
- International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
- International Tropical Timber Agreement (expired), 1983
- International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), Geneva, 1994
- , Kuwait, 1978
- Kyoto Protocol - greenhouse gas emission reductions
- Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
- Minamata Convention on Mercury, 2013
- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1989
- North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
- Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
- , Malaysia, 2003
- Ramsar Convention Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971
- , Jeddah, 1982
- Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, Rotterdam, 1998
- Stockholm Convention Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm, 2001
- Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987
- Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Vienna, 1963
- Western Regional Climate Action Initiative
- Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977
Topic order[]
General[]
Atmosphere[]
Freshwater resources[]
Hazardous substances[]
Marine environment – global conventions[]
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Marine environment – regional conventions[]
Marine living resources[]
Nature conservation and terrestrial living resources[]
Noise pollution[]Nuclear safety[]
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See also[]
- Action for Climate Empowerment
- Arms control
- Earth Negotiations Bulletin
- Environmental law
- Environmental organizations
- Environmental tariff
- International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
- List of climate change initiatives
- List of environmental laws by country
- List of environmental lawsuits
- List of international animal welfare conventions
- List of supranational environmental agencies
- List of treaties
- Wildlife Enforcement Monitoring System
References[]
- ^ https://iea.uoregon.edu/
- ^ http://www.carpathianconvention.org
- ^ Jump up to: a b Antarctic Fauna and Flora
- ^ Jump up to: a b Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Archived 2004-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jump up to: a b Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals Archived 2003-12-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone
- ^ Georgia Basin-Puget Sound International Airshed Strategy, Vancouver, Statement of Intent, 2002
- ^ General Assembly of the Organization of American States (1940-10-12). "Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere". Organization of American States. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
External links[]
- Environmental treaties
- International relations lists
- Lists of treaties