List of mammals of Estonia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of mammals of Estonia shows the IUCN Red List status of the mammal fauna occurring in Estonia. It is somewhat impoverished compared to that of southern and central Europe due to the short period since the last ice age. Native species are considered to be those which are today present in the country. There are no endemic mammal species in Estonia.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct Species is completely extinct
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)[]

West European hedgehog

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Eurasian pygmy shrew
  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Soricinae
  • Family: Talpidae (moles)
    • Subfamily: Talpinae
      • Tribe: Talpini
        • Genus: Talpa
          • European mole, Talpa europaea LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Daubenton's bat
Common noctule

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

European hare

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Lepus
      • European hare, L. europaeus LC[5]
      • Mountain hare, L. timidus LC[6]

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Garden dormouse
Water vole
Striped field mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

  • Suborder: Sciurognathi
    • Family: Castoridae (beavers)
      • Genus: Castor
        • Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC[7]
    • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
      • Subfamily: Sciurinae
        • Tribe: Sciurini
          • Genus: Sciurus
            • Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC[8]
      • Tribe: Pteromyini
        • Genus: Pteromys
          • Siberian flying squirrel, P. volans NT
    • Family: Gliridae (dormice)
      • Subfamily: Leithiinae
        • Genus: Eliomys
          • Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus VU
        • Genus: Muscardinus
          • Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius NT
    • Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
    • Family: Cricetidae
      • Subfamily: Arvicolinae
        • Genus: Arvicola
          • European water vole or north-western water vole, Arvicola terrestris LC
        • Genus: Clethrionomys
          • Bank vole, Myodes glareolus or Clethrionomys glareolus LC
        • Genus: Microtus
          • Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
          • Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
          • Root vole, Microtus oeconomus
          • Sibling vole, Microtus levis
          • European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus
    • Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
  • Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus
  • Black rat, Rattus rattus
  • House mouse, Mus musculus
  • Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus (introduced)
  • Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus (introduced)
  • Nutria, Myocastor coypus (introduced)

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Red fox
Least weasel
Grey seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Lynx
          • Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[9]
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[10]
      • Genus: Nyctereutes
        • Raccoon dog, N. procyonoides LC introduced
      • Genus: Vulpes
        • Red fox, V. vulpes LC[11]
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
      • Genus: Ursus
        • Brown bear, U. arctos LC[12]
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Gulo
        • Wolverine, G. gulo LC
      • Genus: Lutra
        • European otter, L. lutra NT[13]
      • Genus: Martes
        • Pine marten, M. martes LC
        • Beech marten, M. foina LC
      • Genus: Meles
        • European badger, M. meles LC[14]
      • Genus: Mustela
        • Stoat, M. erminea LC
        • European mink, M. lutreola CR reintroduced[15]
        • Least weasel, M. nivalis LC
        • European polecat, M. putorius LC
      • Genus: Neogale
        • American mink, N. vison LC introduced[16]
    • Family: Phocidae (pinnipeds especially earless seals)
      • Genus: Halichoerus
        • Grey seal, H. grypus LC
      • Genus: Pusa

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Harbour porpoise

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
    • Family: Balaenopteridae (rorqual)
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
          • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC[18]
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
  • Suborder: Odontoceti

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Roe deer

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Sus
        • Wild boar, S. scrofa LC
  • Family: Bovidae (bovids)
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Bison
        • European bison, B. bonasus NT extirpated
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
    • Subfamily: Cervinae
      • Genus: Cervus
        • Red deer, Cervus elaphus LC
        • Sika deer, Cervus nippon introduced
    • Subfamily: Capreolinae
      • Genus: Alces
        • Moose, Alces alces LC
      • Genus: Capreolus
        • Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus LC

See also[]

External links[]

References[]

  1. ^ Amori, G. (2016). "Erinaceus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29650A2791303.
  2. ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2016). "Erinaceus roumanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136344A115206348.
  3. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
  4. ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Plecotus auritus (errata version published in 2021)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
  5. ^ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
  6. ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
  7. ^ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
  8. ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
  9. ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  10. ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3746A119623865.en.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Hoffmann, M.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T23062A46190249.en.
  12. ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en.
  13. ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P.; Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12419A21935287.en.
  14. ^ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
  15. ^ Maran, T.; Aulagnier, S.; Libois, R.; Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. & Wozencraft, C. (2010). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14018A4381596.
  16. ^ Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41661A45214988.
  17. ^ "Regional Species Extinctions - Examples of regional species extinctions over the last 1000 years and more" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-25. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  18. ^ Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) - MarLIN, The Marine Life Information Network
  19. ^ About the beluga - Russian Geographical Society
  20. ^ Rare Sowerby's beaked whale spotted in the Baltic Sea - WDC
  21. ^ Baltic dolphin sightings confirmed - National
  22. ^ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L.; Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15421A50368125. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15421A50368125.en.
Retrieved from ""