List of mammals of Nepal

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This list of mammals of Nepal presents mammal species recorded in Nepal, of which one is critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Gaur
Four-horned antelope
Bharal

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Genus: Antilope
      • Blackbuck, A. cervicapra LC[1]
    • Genus: Bos
      • Gaur, B. gaurus VU[2]
      • Wild yak, B. mutus VU[3]
    • Genus Boselaphus
      • Nilgai, B. tragocamelus LC[4]
    • Genus: Bubalus
    • Genus: Capricornis
      • Mainland serow, C. sumatraensis VU[6]
        • Himalayan serow, C. s. thar
    • Genus: Hemitragus
      • Himalayan tahr, H. jemlahicus NT[7]
    • Genus: Naemorhedus
      • Himalayan goral N. goral NT[8]
    • Genus: Ovis
      • Argali, O. ammon NT[9]
    • Genus: Pseudois
      • Bharal, P. nayaur LC[10]
    • Genus: Tetracerus
      • Four-horned antelope, T. quadricornis VU[11]
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
    • Genus: Axis
      • Chital, A. axis LC[12]
      • Indian hog deer, A. porcinus EN[13]
    • Genus: Muntiacus
      • Indian muntjac, M. muntjak LC[14]
    • Genus: Rucervus
      • Barasingha, R. duvaucelii VU[15]
    • Genus: Rusa
      • Sambar deer, R. unicolor VU[16]
  • Family: Moschidae
    • Genus: Moschus
  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Genus: Sus
      • Wild boar, S. scrofa LC[20]
  • Family: Tragulidae

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Asian golden cat
Leopard cat
Tiger
Himalayan wolf in Annapurna Conservation Area
Golden jackal
Asian black bear

There are over 260 species of carnivorans; the majority primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Ailuridae (lesser panda)
      • Genus: Ailurus
        • Red panda, A. fulgens EN[44]
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[45]
        • Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[46]
          • Himalayan wolf, C. l. chanco
      • Genus: Cuon
        • Dhole, C. alpinus EN[47]
      • Genus: Vulpes
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
      • Genus: Melursus
        • Sloth bear, M. ursinus VU[51]
      • Genus: Ursus
        • Brown bear, U. arctos LC[52]
          • Himalayan brown bear, U. a. isabellinus CR
        • Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus VU[53]
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • Asian small-clawed otter, A. cinereus VU[54]
      • Genus: Lutrogale
        • Smooth-coated otter, L. perspicillata VU[55]
      • Genus: Martes
        • Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula LC[56]
      • Genus: Mellivora
        • Honey badger, M. capensis LC[57]
      • Genus: Mustela
        • Mountain weasel, M. altaica NT[58]
        • Yellow-bellied weasel, M. kathiah LC[59]
        • Siberian weasel, M. sibirica LC[60]

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Indian rhinoceros

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Equidae
    • Genus: Equus
      • Kiang, E. kiang LC[78]
  • Family: Rhinocerotidae
    • Genus: Rhinoceros
      • Indian rhinoceros, R. unicornis VU[79]

Order: Primates[]

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Macaca
              • Assam macaque, M. assamensis NT[80]
              • Rhesus macaque, M. mulatta LC[81]
            • Subfamily: Colobinae

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

Asian elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Elephas
      • Asian elephant, E. maximus EN[84]

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

Asian house shrew
Eurasian pygmy shrew

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

Extirpated[]

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also[]

References[]

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