List of political parties in Russia

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This article discusses political parties in Russia.

The Russian Federation has a multi-party system. As of 2020 six parties have members in the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party (United Russia).

After the Perestroika reforms in the 1980s Russia had over 100 registered parties, but the people elected to the State Duma represented only a small number of parties. After 2000, during Vladimir Putin's first presidency (2000–2008), the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only seven parties in Russia, and every new attempt to register new, independent parties was blocked.^{[by whom?]} The last-registered party of this period was the government-organized Right Cause (now the Party of Growth) which was registered on 18 February 2009. Before the 2011 parliamentary election, about 10 opposition parties were denied registration. However, after a series of mass protests and a 2011 European Court decision on the case of the Republican Party of Russia (now the People's Freedom Party), the law changed and the number of registered parties quickly increased to more than 48 as of December 2012.

History[]

Party of power[]

In Russian politics, a "party of power" is a specially established party which unconditionally supports the current president or prime minister in the parliament.^{[citation needed]}

These parties have been considered^{[by whom?]} parties of power:

• Interregional Group of Deputies/Democratic Russia (1990–1993, Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union/Congress of People's Deputies of Russia/Supreme Soviet of Russia)
• Choice of Russia and Party of Russian Unity and Accord headed by Sergey Shakhray
• Our Home – Russia (1995–1999)
• Ivan Rybkin Bloc (considered as a potential left "party of power", during 1995 Russian legislative election)
• Unity (1999–2001/2003)
• A Just Russia (2006–2008/2010,^{[citation needed]} the second "party of power", supporting Vladimir Putin and opposing United Russia)
• United Russia (2001–present)

Certificate of state registration of political parties in Russia, issued by the Ministry of Justice of Russia

Social composition of voters[]

According to studies, United Russia voters in 2007 were younger and more market-oriented than the average voter. The party's electorate includes a substantial share of government employees, pensioners and military personnel, who are dependent on the state for their livelihood.^[1] Sixty-four percent of United Russia supporters are female. According to researchers^[who?], this could be because women place a great value on stability. In the run-up to the 2011 Duma elections, it was reported that support for United Russia was growing among young people.^[2]

Current parties[]

All parties registered by the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections all over the country. The list is placed on the Justice Ministry website. In December 2012, there were 48 registered parties in Russia; 6 of them are currently represented in the State Duma as of 2021.

Parties represented in the State Duma and the Federation Council[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader	Ideology	Gosduma	Sovfed	Political position	Alliances
		United Russia Единая Россия	UR ЕР	Dmitry Medvedev	Statism Russian conservatism Russian nationalism	336 / 450	142 / 170	Big tent	ONF
		Communist Party of the Russian Federation Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации	CPRF КПРФ	Gennady Zyuganov	Communism Marxism–Leninism Social conservatism Soviet patriotism	43 / 450	3 / 170	Left-wing to far-left	UCP-CPSU International: IMCWP ICS (defunct)
		Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Либерально-демократическая партия России	LDPR ЛДПР	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	Russian ultranationalism Economic interventionism Social conservatism Right-wing populism Monarchism	40 / 450	5 / 170	Right-wing to far-right
		A Just Russia — For Truth Справедливая Россия — За правду	SRZP СРЗП	Sergey Mironov, Zakhar Prilepin, Gennady Semigin	Social democracy Democratic socialism Social conservatism Russian nationalism	23 / 450	4 / 170	Centre to centre-left	ONF International: SI
		All-Russian Political Party "Rodina" Всероссийская политическая партия «Родина»	Rodina Родина	Aleksey Zhuravlyov	Russian nationalism Russian conservatism National conservatism Social conservatism Right-wing populism	1 / 450	0 / 170	Far-right	ONF
		Civic Platform Гражданская платформа	CP ГП	Rifat Shaykhutdinov	Liberal conservatism	1 / 450	0 / 170	Centre-right

Parties represented in the regional parliaments[]

Logo		Name	Abbr.	Leader	Ideology	Regional parliaments	Position	Alliances
		Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice Российская партия пенсионеров за социальную справедливость	RPPSJ РППСС		Pensioners' interests Elderly interests Social justice Single-issue politics	16 / 3,994	Centre
		Russian United Democratic Party "Apple" Российская объединённая демократическая партия «Яблоко»	Yabloko Яблоко	Nikolay Rybakov	Social liberalism Social democracy Progressivism Feminism Pro-Europeanism	13 / 3,994	Centre to centre-left	International: LI European: ALDE Party EGP (associated faction)
		Party of Growth Партия роста	PG ПР	Boris Titov	Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism	8 / 3,994	Centre-right
		Communist Party "Communists of Russia" Коммунистическая партия «Коммунисты России»	CPCR КПКР	Maxim Suraykin	Communism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism	7 / 3,994	Far-left	International: IMCWP (observer)
		New People Новые люди	NP НЛ		Liberalism Communitarianism Direct democracy	7 / 3,994	Centre-right	ONF
		Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные»	REP «The Greens» РЭП «Зелёные»		Green politics Environmentalism Agrarianism	4 / 3,994	Centre-left	ONF
		Russian Party of Freedom and Justice Российская партия свободы и справедливости	RPFJ РПСС	Maksim Shevchenko	Social democracy	3 / 3,994	Centre-left
		Green Alternative Зелёная альтернатива	GA ЗА		Green politics Environmentalism Pro-Europeanism	2 / 3,994	Centre-left

List of registered parties[]

Historical parties (1992–present)[]

Far-left[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists Конфедерация анархо-синдикалистов	CAS КАС	Andrey Isaev Igor Podshivalov Alexander Shubin Vladlen Tupikin	Anarcho-syndicalism Syndicalism	1988-1995
		Committee for Workers' Democracy and International Socialism Комитет за рабочую демократию и международный социализм	CWDIS КРДМС	Sergei Biets	Marxism Trotskyism	1990-1999 Succeeded by RWP
		Party of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat Партия диктатуры пролетариата	PDP ПДП	Grigory Isayev	Communism Left communism Proletarian internationalism	1990-2020
		Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Коммунистическая партия Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики	CP RSFSR КП РСФСР	Ivan Polozkov Valentin Kuptsov	Communism Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism	1990-1993 (banned in 1991) Succeeded by CPRF
		Russian Communist Workers Party Российская коммунистическая рабочая партия	RCWP РКРП	Viktor Anpilov Viktor Tyulkin	Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Stalinism	1991-2001 Merged into RCWP-RPC
		Российская партия коммунистов Революционная партия коммунистов	RPC РПК	Anatoly Kryuchkov	Communism Marxism	1991-2001 Merged into RCWP-RPC
		Коммунисты — Трудовая Россия — За Советский Союз	KTR КТР	Viktor Tyulkin Anatoly Kryuchkov Viktor Anpilov	Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Soviet patriotism	1995-1999
		Stalin Bloc – For the USSR Сталинский блок — За СССР	SB СБ	Yevgeny Dzhugashvili Viktor Anpilov	Communism Stalinism Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism Soviet patriotism National Communism	1997-1999
		Socialist Resistance Социалистическое сопротивление	SocSopr СоцСопр	Collective leadership	Socialism Trotskyism	1998-2011 Successed by SA
		Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists Российская коммунистическая рабочая партия – Революционная партия коммунистов	RCWP-RPC РКРП-РПК	Viktor Tyulkin	Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism	2001-2007 (officially deregistered)
		Resistance Movement named after Petr Alexeev Движение сопротивления имени Петра Алексеева	DSPA ДСПА	Dmitry Zhvania	Socialism Self-management socialism	2004-2012
		Всероссийская коммунистическая партия будущего	VKPB ВКПБ	Vladimir Tikhonov Aleksandr Kuvayev	Communism Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism	2004-2009
		Socialist League "Forward" Социалистическое движение «Вперёд»	SLV СДВ	Collective leadership	Trotskyism Eco-socialism Socialist feminism	2005-2011 Merged into RSM
		Межпрофессиональный союз трудящихся	MPST МПСТ	Collective leadership	Anarcho-communism Anarcho-syndicalism	2008-2019
		Russian United Labour Front Российский объединённый трудовой фронт	ROT FRONT РОТ ФРОНТ	Viktor Tyulkin Sergei Udaltsov	Communism Marxism–Leninism Socialism	2010-2020 (officially deregistered)

Left-wing[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Civil United Green Alternative Гражданская объединённая зелёная альтернатива	GROZA ГРОЗА	Oleg Mitvol (2009-2012)	Green politics Alter-globalism Anti-fascism Social justice	1991-2012
		Партия труда	PT ПТ	Oleg Smolin	Democratic socialism Syndicalism	1992-1994
		Agrarian Party of Russia Аграрная партия России	APR АПР	Mikhail Lapshin Vladimir Plotnikov	Agrarian socialism Collectivism	1993-2008 Merged into United Russia Re-founded in 2012
		Spiritual Heritage Духовное наследие	SH ДН	Alexey Podberezkin	Christian left Russian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Patriotism Statism Traditionalism	1995-2002
		Party of Peace and Unity Партия мира и единства	PME ПМЕ	[ru]	Internationalism Democratic socialism Eurasianism Putinism Anti-Americanism Soviet nationalism	1996-2008 Merged into Patriots of Russia Re-founded in 2012
		Народно-патриотический союз России	NPSR НПСР	Gennady Zyuganov Gennady Semigin	Patriotism Left-wing nationalism Statism Democratic socialism Soviet patriotism	1996-2010 Merged into Patriots of Russia
		Socialist United Party of Russia Социалистическая единая партия России	SEPR СЕПР	Alexey Podberezkin Ivan Rybkin	Socialism Socialist patriotism Christian left	2002-2007 Merged into A Just Russia
		Patriots of Russia Патриоты России	PR ПР	Gennady Semigin	Democratic socialism Social democracy Left-wing nationalism Soviet patriotism	2005-2021 Merged into SRZP

Centre-left[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Социал-демократическая партия России	SDPR СДПР	Pavel Kudyukin Oleg Rumyantsev Alexander Obolensky	Social democracy Social liberalism Democratic socialism	1990-2011
		Civic Union Гражданский союз	CU ГС	Arkady Volsky	Social democracy Anti-Yeltsinism Federalism	1992-1994
		Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные»	REP "The Greens" РЭП «Зелёные»	Yevgeny Belyaev Viktor Danilov-Danilyan Anatoly Panfilov	Green politics Environmentalism	1992-2008 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012
		Ivan Rybkin Bloc Блок Ивана Рыбкина	Rybkin Bloc Блок Рыбкина	Ivan Rybkin	Social democracy Agrarianism	1995-1995
		Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour Профсоюзы – Промышленники России – Союз труда	ST СТ	Vladimir Shcherbakov	Trade unionism Industrialism	1995-1996
		Party of Workers' Self-Government Партия самоуправления трудящихся	PST ПСТ	Svyatoslav Fyodorov	Social democracy Social liberalism	1995-2006
		Российская объединённая социал-демократическая партия	RUSDP РОСДП	Mikhail Gorbachev	Social democracy	2000-2001 Reorganized to SDPR
		Party of Russia's Rebirth Партия возрождения России	PVR ПВР	Gennady Seleznyov	Social democracy Democratic socialism Humanism Federalism Civic nationalism	2000-2008 Merged into Patriots of Russia Re-founded in 2012
		Social Democratic Party of Russia Социал-демократическая партия России	SDPR СДПР	Mikhail Gorbachev Konstantin Titov	Social democracy Democratic socialism	2001-2007 Succeeded by USD
		Party of Social Justice Партия социальной справедливости	PSJ ПСС	Alexey Podberezkin	Democratic socialism Progressivism Social conservatism	2002-2008 Merged into A Just Russia
		Union of Greens of Russia Союз зелёных России	UGR СЗР	Alexey Yablokov	Green politics Environmentalism Civil rights	2004-2006 Merged into Yabloko
		Union of Social Democrats Союз социал-демократов	USD ССД	Mikhail Gorbachev	Social democracy	2007-2013
		Green Alliance Альянс зелёных	GA АЗ	Oleg Mitvol Gleb Fetisov	Grassroots democracy Green politics Social democracy	2012-2019
		Социал-демократическая партия России	SDPR СДПР		Social democracy	2012-2019

Centrist[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Russian Democratic Reform Movement Российское движение демократических реформ	RDRM РДДР	Gavriil Popov Anatoly Sobchak	Liberal democracy Pro-CIS Federalism	1992-1995
		Dignity and Charity Достоинство и милосердие	DC ДМ	Konstantin Frolov Nikolai Gubenko	Disability rights Federalism	1993-1993
		Future of Russia — New Names Будущее России — Новые имена	BRNI БРНИ		Youth politics Social policies	1993-1994
		Women of Russia Женщины России	ZhR ЖР	Alevtina Fedulova Yekerina Lakhova	Feminism Women's rights	1993-1999
		Party of Russian Unity and Accord Партия российского единства и согласия	PRES ПРЕС	Sergey Shakhray	Moderate liberalism Conservatism Regionalism Federalism Reformism	1993-1999 Merged into Unity
		Russian Party of Social Democracy Российская партия социальной демократии	RPSD РПСД	Alexander Yakovlev Konstantin Titov	Social liberalism Right-wing social democracy Liberal democracy	1994-2002 Merged into SDPR
		Russian Party of Pensioners Российская партия пенсионеров	RPP РПП	Igor Zotov	Pensioners' interests Elderly interests Social justice Single-issue politics Social conservatism	1997-2007 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012
		Fatherland – All Russia Отечество – Вся Россия	OVR ОВР	Yury Luzhkov Yevgeny Primakov	Liberal conservatism Social liberalism Regionalism	1998-2002 Merged into United Russia
		People's Party of the Russian Federation Народная партия Российской Федерации	NPRF НПРФ	[ru] Gennady Gudkov	Centrism Lobbyism	1999-2007 Merged into A Just Russia
		Russian Party of Life Российская партия жизни	RPL РПЖ	Sergey Mironov	Centrism Environmentalism Economic liberalism Third Way Russian nationalism	2002-2006 Merged into A Just Russia
		Union of People for Education and Science Союз людей за образование и науку	UPES СЛОН		Social liberalism Social democracy Support of science and education	2002-2007
		Civilian Power Гражданская сила	GS ГС	Alexander Ryavkin Mikhail Barshchevsky	Liberalism Green liberalism Green politics Ecologism	2002-2008 Merged into Right Cause Re-founded in 2012
		Committee 2008: A Free Choice Комитет 2008: Свободный выбор	Committee 2008 Комитет 2008	Garry Kasparov	Liberalism Liberal democracy	2004-2005 Successed by The Other Russia
		Russian Democratic Party «Our Choice» Российская демократическая партия «Наш выбор»	Our Choice Наш выбор	Irina Khakamada	Liberalism Social liberalism	2004-2006 Merged into RNDS
		Yabloko-United Democrats Яблоко — Объединённые демократы	Yabloko-UD Яблоко-ОД	Ivan Novitsky	Social liberalism Liberal conservatism Green politics Pro-Europeanism	2005-2005
		Russian People's Democratic Union Российский народно-демократический союз	RNDS РНДС	Mikhail Kasyanov	Liberalism	2006-2012 Merged into RPR–PARNAS
		The Other Russia Другая Россия	DR ДР	Garry Kasparov Eduard Limonov Mikhail Kasyanov	Big tent Liberal democracy National democracy Social democracy Social liberalism Civic nationalism National bolshevism	2006-2010
		Independent Democratic Party of Russia Независимая демократическая партия России	IDPR НДПР	Mikhail Gorbachev Alexander Lebedev	Liberalism Social liberalism	2008-2014/16
		People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" Партия народной свободы «За Россию без произвола и коррупции»	PARNAS ПАРНАС	Mikhail Kasyanov Vladimir Milov Boris Nemtsov Vladimir Ryzhkov	Liberalism Liberal democracy Anti-corruption	2010-2012 Succeeded by RPR–PARNAS
		People's Party of Russia Народная партия России	PPR НПР	Andrei Bogdanov	Centrism Populism Anarchism (factions)	2012-2019
		Agrarian Party of Russia Аграрная партия России	APR АПР	Olga Bashmachnikova	Agrarianism Agricultural policy Centrism	2012-2019
		Party of Pensioners of Russia Партия пенсионеров России	PPR ППР	Valery Ryazansky Nikolay Chebotarev	Centrism Social conservatism Gerontocracy	2012-2019

Centre-right[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Democratic Union Демократический союз	DU ДС	Valeriya Novodvorskaya	Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism	1988-2014
		Conservative Party of Russia Консервативная партия России	CPR КПР	Lev Ubozhko	Conservatism Liberal conservatism Anti-communism	1989-2005
		Peasant Party of Russia Крестьянская партия России	KPR КПР	Yuri Chernichenko	Liberalism Agrarianism Anti-communism	1990-1999
		Russian Christian Democratic Party Российская христианско-демократическая партия	RCDP РХДП	Alexander Chuev	Christian democracy Conservatism	1990-2002
		Party of Economic Freedom Партия экономической свободы	PEF ПЭС	Konstantin Borovoy	Liberalism Neoconservatism Economic liberalism	1992-2003 Merged into SPS
		Democratic Choice of Russia Демократический выбор России	DVR ДВР	Yegor Gaidar	Liberalism Conservative liberalism Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism	1993-2001 Merged into SPS
		Forward, Russia! Вперёд, Россия!	FR ВР	Boris Fyodorov	Liberal democracy Liberal conservatism Patriotism Conservatism	1995-2002 Merged into RPR
		Our Home – Russia Наш дом — Россия	NDR НДР	Viktor Chernomyrdin	Liberalism Liberal conservatism Fiscal conservatism	1995-2006 Merged into United Russia
		Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats Демократический выбор России — Объединенные демократы	DVR-OD ДВР-ОД	Yegor Gaidar	Liberal conservatism Anti-communism	1995-1995
		Union of Right Forces Союз правых сил	SPS СПС	Sergey Kiriyenko Boris Nemtsov Nikita Belykh Leonid Gozman	Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Neoliberalism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism	1999-2008 Succeeded by Right Cause
		Liberal Russia Либеральная Россия	LR ЛР	Boris Zolotukhin Sergei Yushenkov Boris Berezovsky	Liberalism Liberal conservatism	2000-2004
		New Course — Automobile Russia Новый курс — Автомобильная Россия	NCAR НКАР	Viktor Pokhmelkin Boris Fyodorov	Liberalism Liberal conservatism Drivers' rights Anti-militarism	2003-2003
		People's Party "For Women of Russia" Народная партия «За женщин России»	NPZZhR НПЗЖР	Galina Latysheva Galina Khavraeva	Women's rights Conservatism Neoconservatism Single-issue party	2007-2019
		Right Cause Правое дело	PD ПД	Boris Titov Mikhail Prokhorov Leonid Gozman Georgy Bovt	Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism in 2012-2016: National democracy National patriotism	2008-2016 Succeeded by Party of Growth

Right-wing[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular Freedom Конституционно-демократическая партия – Партия народной свободы	KDP-PNS КДП-ПНС	Mikhail Astafyev	Russian nationalism National conservatism Constitutionalism Anti-Yeltsinism	1991-2001 Merged into People's Will Re-founded in 2008
		Russian All-People's Union Народно-патриотическая партия	ROS РОС	Sergey Baburin	National conservatism Russian nationalism Pochvennichestvo Right-wing socialism Social conservatism	1991-2001 Merged into People's Will Re-founded in 2008
		Congress of Russian Communities Конгресс русских общин	CRC КРО	Dmitry Rogozin Alexander Lebed Yury Skokov	Russian nationalism National conservatism Traditionalism	1992-2004 Merged into Rodina Re-founded in 2006
		Popular Patriotic Party Народно-патриотическая партия	NPP НПП	Alexander Kotenev Anatoly Gil	Russian nationalism Social conservatism Veterans of Afghan war' interests Yeltsinism	1992-1999 Merged into Unity
		Social Patriotic Movement "Power" Социал-патриотическое движение «Держава»	Derzhava Держава	Alexander Rutskoy Konstantin Zatulin	Russian nationalism Social conservatism Patriotism Social patriotism Right-wing populism Pan-Slavism	1995-1999 Merged into OVR
		Power to the People! Власть — народу!	VN ВН	Nikolai Ryzhkov Sergey Baburin	Patriotism Social conservatism Pochvennichestvo Right-wing socialism	1995-1995
		Народно-республиканская партия России	NRPR НРПР	Alexander Lebed	National conservatism Social conservatism Third way Statism	1995-2007
		Russian Socialist Party Русская социалистическая партия	RSP РСП	Vladimir Bryntsalov	Moderate conservatism Traditionalism Social conservatism	1996-2001 Merged into United Russia
		Inter-Regional Movement "Unity" Межрегиональное движение "Единство"	Unity Единство	Sergey Shoygu Vladimir Putin	Conservatism Fiscal conservatism Russian nationalism Centrism (officially)	1999-2001 Reorganized to United Russia
		People's Union Народный союз Party of National Revival "People's Will" Партия национального возрождения «Народная Воля»	NS НС Narodnaya Volya Народная Воля	Sergey Baburin	Russian nationalism Conservatism National conservatism Social conservatism Pochvennichestvo Patriotism	2001-2008 Successed by ROS
		За Русь святую	ZRS ЗРС	Sergei Popov	Christian patriorism Conservatism Social conservatism Right-wing socialism Patriotism	2002-2005
		Monarchist Party of Russia Монархическая партия России	MPR МПР	Anton Bakov Karl Emich of Leiningen	Restoration of the Russian monarchy Constitutional monarchism Russian conservatism	2012-Present
		Great Fatherland Party Партия Великое Отечество	PVO ПВО	Nikolai Starikov	Conservatism National conservatism Russian nationalism Centrism	2013-2020

Far-right[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		National Patriotic Front "Memory" Национально-патриотический фронт «Память»	Pamyat Память	Dmitri Vasilyev	Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Orthodox nationalism Christian fundamentalism Anti-communism Anti-semitism Anti-zionism Anti-Masonry Traditionalism National conservatism Monarchism	1980-2003 Re-founded in 2005
		National Republican Party of Russia Национально-республиканская партия России	NRPR НРПР	Nikolay Lysenko	Russian ultranationalism Mono-national state Anti-internationalism Anti-cosmopolitanism Anti-communism	1990-1998
		Russian National Unity Русское национальное единство	RNU РНЕ	Alexander Barkashov	Neo-Nazism Russian nationalism Antisemitism Islamophobia Anti-immigration Anti-communism Third Position	1990-2000 (officially banned)
		Russian All-National Union Русский общенациональный союз	RONS РОНС	Igor Artemov	Russian ultranationalism Orthodox nationalism Christian fundamentalism National capitalism White nationalism Anti-communism Anti-Sovietism Antisemitism Anti-LGBT Pan-Slavism	1990-2011
		People's Liberation Movement "Ours" Народно-освободительное движение «Наши»	Nashi Наши	Alexander Nevzorov	Russian nationalism Soviet nationalism Statism Chauvinism	1991-1993
		Russian Party Русская партия	RP РП	Viktor Korchagin Vladimir Miloserdov	Russian ultranationalism Russian irredentism Anti-semitism Economic liberalism Anti-Christianity	1991-1997
		Front of National Revolutionary Action Фронт национал-революционного действия	FNRD ФНРД	Ilya Lazarenko	Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary nationalism Neo-Fascism Neo-Nazism Strasserism Anti-semitism Russian imperialism Orthodox fundamentalism	1991-1999
		Oprichny Dvor Опричный двор National Socialist Russian Workers' Party Национал-социалистическая русская рабочая партия	Oprichniks Опричники NSRWP НСРРП		Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Neo-Nazism Anti-americanism Anti-turkism Anti-communism	1993-1997
		Russian National Union Русский национальный союз Russian National Socialist Party Русская национальная социалистическая партия	RNU РНС RNSP РНСП	Konstantin Kasimovsky	Neo-Nazism White power Racism Antisemitism Anti-caucasian Orthodox nationalism	1993-1999 (RNU) 1999-2007 (RNSP)
		Партия свободы	PS ПС	Yuri Belyaev	Russian ultranationalism Neo-nazism Neo-fascism White nationalism Anti-immigration Anti-democracy Anti-semitism Anti-communism	1994-2009
		People's National Party Народная национальная партия	PNP ННП	Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky	Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Neo-Nazism White nationalism Racism Antisemitism Statism	1994-2009
		Slavic Union Славянский союз	SS СС	Dmitry Demushkin	Neo-Nazism White supremacism Pan-Slavism Anti-communism Xenophobia Anti-semitism Anti-LGBT	1999-2010
		Conceptual Party "Unity" Концептуальная партия «Единение»	CPU КПЕ	Konstantin Petrov	Social Security Conception of Dead Water Conspiracy theory Occultism Neopaganism Neo-Stalinism Anti-semitism Anti-communism Anti-Christianity Anti-Western sentiment	2000-2007
		New Russian National Unity Новое Русское национальное единство	VOPD RNU ВОПД РНЕ		Neo-Nazism Russian ultranationalism Monarchism Orthodox nationalism Xenophobia	2000-2013
		National Sovereignty Party of Russia Национально-державная партия России	NDPR НДПР	Alexander Sevastyanov Stanislav Terekhov	Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Anti-semitism	2002-2017
		Movement Against Illegal Immigration Движение против нелегальной иммиграции	DPNI ДПНИ	[ru] Alexander Belov	Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Anti-immigration Xenophobia Anti-islam	2002-2011
		National Socialist Society Национал-социалистическое общество	NSO НСО	Political Council	Neo-Nazism Neo-fascism Russian ultranationalism	2004-2010
		Northern Brotherhood Северное братство	NB СБ	[ru]	Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary nationalism Ethnic nationalism Russian separatism Neo-Nazism Anti-immigration Anti-caucasian Antisemitism Nordicism	2006-2012
		People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky Народное ополчение имениМинина и Пожарского	NOMP НОМП	Vladimir Kvachkov	Russian nationalism Ultranationalism Antisemitism Militarism Orthodox nationalism Soviet patriotism	2009-2015
		Ethno-political Association "Russians" Этнополитическое объединение «Русские»	Russians Русские	Dmitry Demushkin Alexander Belov	Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Anti-immigration	2011-2015
		Nation and Freedom Committee Комитет «Нация и свобода»	NFC КНС	Vladimir Basmanov	Russian ultranationalism Anti-communism Anti-immigration European nationalism Pan-Slavism	2014-2020
		Male State Мужское государство	MG МГ		National patriarchy Russian ultranationalism Antifeminism Homophobia Anti-immigration	2016-2020

Syncretic[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		National Salvation Front Фронт национального спасения	NSF ФНС	Collective leadership	Statism National patriotism Russian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Soviet patriotism Anti-Yeltsinism	1992-1994 (banned in 1993)
		National Bolshevik Party Национал-большевистская партия	NBP НБП	Eduard Limonov	National Bolshevism Russian nationalism Neo-Sovietism Russian irredentism Anti-Western sentiment	1993-2007 Succeeded by The Other Russia
		Beer Lovers Party Партия любителей пива	BLP ПЛП	[ru]	Joke party Patriotism Protectionism Environmentalism Anti-establishment	1993-1998
		People's Will Army Армия воли народа For Responsible Government За ответственную власть	AVN АВН ZOV ЗОВ	Yury Mukhin	Delocracy Russian nationalism National democracy Left-wing nationalism Anti-Bureaucracy Neo-Stalinism Anti-semitism	1997-2011 2011-2015
		National Patriotic Union "Rodina" Народно-патриотический союз «Родина»	NPS "Rodina" НПС «Родина»	Dmitry Rogozin Sergey Glazyev Yury Skokov	Russian patriotism Social democracy Protectionism Economic nationalism	2003-2006 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012
		National Bolshevik Front Национал-большевистский фронт	NBF НБФ		National Bolshevism Eurasianism Anti-Limonov tendency Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary socialism Left-wing nationalism Anti-liberalism Factions: Strasserism Antisemitism Ethnocentrism	2006-2016
		Interregional Social Movement "Artpodgotovka" Межрегиональное общественное движение «Артподготовка»	Artpodgotovka Артподготовка	Vyacheslav Maltsev	Populism National democracy Russian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism Anti-communism Liberalism Direct democracy	2013-2017
		For Truth За правду	ZP ЗП	Zakhar Prilepin	National conservatism Paternalistic conservatism Russian nationalism Anti-liberalism Authoritarian capitalism National patriotism Hard euroscepticism	2020-2021 Merged into SRZP

Regionalist parties[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Political position	Years active
		Vainakh Democratic Party Вайнахская демократическая партия Вайнехан Демократан Цхьанкхетаралла	VDP ВДП ВДЦ	Zelimkhan Yandarbiev	Chechen separatism Chechen nationalism Anti-communism	Big tent	1990-1993
		Бурят-Монгольская народная партия Буряад-Монгол Арадай Нам	BMPP БМНП БМАН		Conservative liberalism Buryat-Mongol nationalism Pan-Mongolism	Centre-right	1990-2001
		Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan Коммунистическая партия Республики Татарстан Татарстан Республикасы коммунистлар партиясе	CPRT КПРТ ТРКП	Alexander Saliy	Communism Marxism–Leninism	Far-left	1991-2002 Merged into CPRF
		Baltic Republican Party Балтийская республиканская партия	BRP БРП		Kaliningrad independence Kaliningrad autonomism Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism Anti-communism	Centre-right	1993-2005
		Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem" Марийская партия национального возрождения "Ушем"	Ushem Ушем		Mari nationalism	Big tent	1994-?
		Russian Unity Русское единство Руська єдність	RE РЕ РЄ	Maksym Kovalenko Sergey Aksyonov	Russian nationalism Russian irredentism Russophilia Crimean regionalism	Right-wing	2008-2014 Merged into United Russia

Soviet parties, 1917–1992[]

CPSU and factions[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Political position	Years active
Sole legal party (before 1990)
		Communist Party of the Soviet Union Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза	CPSU КПСС	Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin Nikita Khrushchev Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov Konstantin Chernenko Mikhail Gorbachev Vladimir Ivashko	Communism Marxism–Leninism	Far-left	1917-1991
	Factions inside the RKP(b), VKP(b) and CPSU
		Left Communists Левые коммунисты		Nikolai Bukharin	Left communism World revolution		1918-1921
		Group of Democratic Centralism Группа демократического централизма		Valerian Osinsky Timofei Sapronov Vladimir Smirnov Andrei Bubnov Yakov Drobnis	Left communism Democratic centralism		1919-1923
		Workers' Opposition Рабочая оппозиция		Alexander Shlyapnikov Sergei Medvedev Alexandra Kollontai Yuri Lutovinov	Trade unionism Council communism Anti-bureaucratism		1920-1922
		Workers' Truth Рабочая правда			Anti-bureaucratism		1921-1923
		Right Opposition Правая оппозиция		Nikolai Bukharin Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky	Agrarian socialism Anti-Stalinism New Economic Policy Anti-Collectivization		1921-1933
		Left Opposition Левая оппозиция		Leon Trotsky	Trotskyism Anti-Stalinism Industrialism		1923-1927
		Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party Рабочая группа Российской коммунистической партии		Gavril Myasnikov	Left communism Anti-bureaucratism Workplace democracy		1923-1930
		United Opposition Объединённая оппозиция		Leon Trotsky Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev	Anti-New Economic Policy Anti-Stalinism Industrialism		1926-1933
		Left-Right Bloc Право-левый блок		Vissarion Lominadze Sergey Syrtsov Jan Sten	Anti-Stalinism Anti-Collectivization		1929-1933
		Union of Marxist-Leninists Союз марксистов-ленинцев		Martemyan Ryutin Vasily Kayurov	Anti-Stalinism		1932-1932
		Anti-Party Group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov and Shepilov, who joined thems Антипартийная группа Маленкова, Кагановича, Молотова и примкнувшего к ним Шепилова		Georgy Malenkov Lazar Kaganovich Vyacheslav Molotov Dmitri Shepilov	Anti-Khrushchevism Anti-De-Stalinization		1957-1957
		Bolshevik Platform Большевистская платформа		Nina Andreyeva	Anti-Perestroika Neo-Stalinism Anti-liberalism		1988-1991 Succeeded by VKPB
		United Workers' Front Объединённый фронт трудящихся		Viktor Stepanov Mikhail Popov Igor Malyarov	Soviet patriotism Proletarian internationalism Anti-separatism		1989-1991 Succeeded by RCWP
		Democratic Platform Демократическая платформа		Yuri Afanasiev Boris Yeltsin Telman Gdlyan Nikolay Ivanov Nikolay Travkin Igor Chubais Alexander Minzhurenko	Perestroika Democratization Social liberalism		1989-1991 Succeeded by RPRF
		Communist Initiative Movement Движение коммунистической инициативы		Viktor Tyulkin Albert Makashov	Foundation of the Russian Communist Party Anti-capitalism Left-wing nationalism		1989-1991 Succeeded by RCWP
		Marxist Platform Марксистская платформа		Alexander Buzgalin Sergey Skvortsov Andrey Kolganov Anatoly Kryuchkov	Orthodox Marxism Marxism-Leninism		1990-1992 Succeeded by RCWP, and SK
		Democratic Movement Демократическое движение		Anatoly Sobchak Gavriil Popov Vladimir Lysenko Alexander Rutskoy	Social democracy Democratization		1990-1992 Succeeded by
		State Committee on the State of Emergency Государственный комитет по чрезвычайному положению		Gennady Yanayev Valentin Pavlov Boris Pugo Dmitry Yazov Vladimir Kryuchkov Oleg Baklanov Vasily Starodubtsev Aleksandr Tizyakov	Anti-Perestroika Anti-New Union Treaty		1991-1991

Clandestine and illegal parties[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Political position	Years active
		Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries Партия левых социалистов-революционеров	Left SRs Левые эсеры	Boris Kamkov Mark Natanson Maria Spiridonova	Agrarian socialism Anti-Bolshevism Revolutionary socialism Narodism	Left-wing to far-left	1917-1921 Clandestine since 1918
		True Communists Истинные коммунисты	TC ИК		Marxism Anti-Stalinism Left communism	Far-left	1940-1940
		Lithuanian Activist Front Литовский фронт активистов Lietuvių Aktyvistų Frontas	LAF ЛФА	Kazys Škirpa	Lithuanian independence Nazism Anti-communism Anti-semitism Anti-polonism	Far-right	1940-1941
		Народная социалистическая партия России «Викинг»	NSPR НСПР	Konstantin Voskoboinik Bronislav Kaminski	Nazism Russian nationalism Russian collaborationism Anti-semitism Anti-communism	Far-right	1941-1943
		Коммунистическая партия молодёжи	CPM КПМ	Anatoly Zhigulin	Communism Marxism-Leninism Anti-Stalinism	Left-wing to far-left	1946-1949
		Всесоюзная демократическая партия	VDP ВДП		Anti-Stalinism Socialism	Left-wing	1948-1948
		Союз борьбы за дело революции	SBDR СБДР	Boris Slutsky	Anti-Stalinism Revolutionary socialism	Far-left	1950-1951
		Балтийская федерация Baltijas federācija	BF БФ	Gunārs Rode Dailis Rijnieks Jānis Rijnieks Aina Zābaka Ziedonis Rozenbergs Viktors Kalniņš Uldis Ofkants	Anti-Sovietism Latvian nationalism Latvian independence	Right-wing	1957-1962
		National United Party Национальная объединённая партия Ազգային Միացյալ Կուսակցություն	NUP НОП ԱՄԿ	Paruyr Hayrikyan	Armenian nationalism National democracy Liberalism Anti-communism	Big tent	1966-1987 Succeeded by UNSD
		Партия свободной России Революционная рабочая партия	PSR ПСР RWP РРП		Anti-communism [[Anti-Sovietism]		1968-1970
		Группа революционного коммунизма	GRK ГРК	Alexander Romanov	Marxism Social democracy	Left-wing	1972-1972
		All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People Всероссийский социал-христианский союз освобождения народа	VSKhSON ВСХСОН	Igor Ogurtsov	Anti-communism Russian nationalism Social Christianity Third position	Right-wing to far-right	1972-1972
		Социалистическая партия Советского Союза	SPSU СПСС		Democratic socialism Self-governing socialism	Left-wing	1972-1972
		Left School Левая школа	LS ЛШ	Natalia Magnat	Marxism-Leninism Trotskyism Atheist existentialism New Left	Far-left	1972/73-1977
		Party of New Communists Партия новых коммунистов	PNC РНК	Alexander Tarasov	Neo-communism Orthodox Marxism Marxism-Leninism Revolutionary socialism Direct democracy Trotskyism Neo-anarchism Anti-Stalinism	Far-left	1972/73-1977
		Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union Неокоммунистическая партия Советского Союза	NCPSU НКПСС	Alexander Tarasov Natalia Magnat	Neo-communism Atheist existentialism Communism Guevarism Neo-Marxism Anti-clericalism Trotskyism New Left	Far-left	1974-1985
		Democratic Union Демократический союз	DU ДС	Valeriya Novodvorskaya	Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism	Centre-right	1988-2014

Parties of the multi-party period[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Political position	Years active
		Democratic Union Демократический союз	DU ДС	Valeriya Novodvorskaya	Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism	Centre-right	1988-2014
		Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union Либерально-демократическая партия Советского Союза	LDPSU ЛДПСС	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	Russian nationalism Ultranationalism Right-wing populism Monarchism Before 1990: Liberalism Liberal conservatism	Right-wing to far-right Before 1990: Centre-right	1989-1992
		Democratic Party of Russia Демократическая партия России	DPR ДПР	Nikolay Travkin	Anti-communism Centrism Liberalism	Centre-right	1990-1992
		Социалистическая партия	SP СП	Boris Kagarlitsky Anatoliy Baranov Alexander Kolpakidi	Democratic socialism Self-governing socialism	Left-wing	1990-1992
		Социал-демократическая партия России	SDPR СДПР	Pavel Kudyukin Oleg Rumyantsev Alexander Obolensky	Social democracy Social liberalism Democratic socialism	Centre-left	1990-2011
		All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Всесоюзная Коммунистическая партия большевиков	VKPB ВКПБ	Nina Andreyeva	Communism Marxism–Leninism Bolshevism Anti-revisionism Stalinism	Far-left	1991-

Parties of the Russian Empire, 1721–1917[]

Pre-revolutionary organizations[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Decembrist Societies Общества декабристов	Decembrists Декабристы	Sergei Trubetskoy Nikita Muravyov Pavel Pestel Sergey Muravyov-Apostol and others	Constitutional monarchism Anti-Tsarist autocracy Anti-Serfdom Republicanism (factions)	1816-1825
		Petrashevsky Circle Кружок Петрашевского	Petrashevtsy Петрашевцы	Mikhail Petrashevsky	Utopian socialism Agrarian socialism	1844-1849
		Land and Liberty Земля и воля	Zemlevolists Землевольцы	Collective leadership	Narodism Agrarianism Agrarian socialism (1860-64) Anarcho-collectivism (1876-1879)	1860-1864, 1876-1879
		Party of Return to Serfdom Партия возвращения к крепостному праву	Kryepostniki Крепостники	Collective leadership	Reaction Serfdom	1861-1890s
		Комитет русских офицеров в Польше	KROP КРОП	Jarosław Dąbrowski Andrey Potebnya Zygmunt Padlewski	Narodism Republicanism	1861-1863
		Grand Propaganda Society Большое общество пропаганды	Tchaikovtsy Чайковцы	Nikolai Tchaikovsky Sophia Perovskaya Mark Natanson	Narodism Revolutionary socialism	1871-1874
		Башенцы		Grigory Popko Innokenty Voloshenko Fedor Shcherbina	Radical Narodism Republicanism	1874-1877
		Narodnaya Volya Народная воля	Narodovolists Народовольцы	Collective leadership	Narodism Agrarian socialism Left-wing terrorism Revolutionary socialism	1879-1884
		Black Repartition Чёрный передел	BR ЧП	Georgi Plekhanov Pavel Axelrod Osip Aptekman Leo Deutsch Vera Zasulich	Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism Federalism	1879-1881
		Emancipation of Labour Освобождение труда	OT ОТ	Georgi Plekhanov Pavel Axelrod	Marxism Scientific socialism	1883-1903 merged into RSDLP
		Social Revolutionary Party of People's Right Социально-революционная партия Народного права	People's Right Народное право	Mark Natanson Nikolay Tyutchev	Narodism Revolutionary democracy	1893-1894
		League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class Союз борьбы за освобождение рабочего класса	SBORK СБОРК	Vladimir Ulyanov	Marxism Social democracy	1895-1897 merged into RSDLP
		Workers' Party for the Political Liberation of Russia Рабочая партия политического освобождения России	RPPOR РППОР	Grigory Gershuni Catherine Breshkovsky	Narodism Revolutionary socialism	1897-1900
		Рабочее знамя	WB РЗ	Lydia Dan Viktor Nogin	Social democracy Anti-Economism	1897-1902

After-revolutionary parties[]

Left-wing[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia Всеобщий еврейский рабочий союз в Литве, Польше и России אַלגעמײנער ייִדישער אַרבעטער־בונד אין ליטע, פּױלן און רוסלאַנד	Bund Бунд בונד	Victor Alter	Bundism Socialism Jewish Autonomism Non-Zionism Secularism	1897-1921
		Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия	RSDLP РСДРП	Vladimir Ulyanov (Bolsheviks) Julius Martov (Mensheviks)	Marxist socialism Revolutionary socialism Social democracy	1898-1912
		Socialist Revolutionary Party Партия социалистов-революционеров	Esers Эсеры	Viktor Chernov	Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism Democratic socialism Federalism Neo-Narodism	1902-1921
		Zionist Socialist Workers Party Сионистско-социалистическая рабочая партия ציוניסטישע סאציאליסטישע ארבעטער פארטיי	SS СС צס	Naum Syrkin Ber Borochov	Socialism Zionism Territorialism	1905-1917 merged into UJSWP
		Jewish Socialist Workers Party Социалистическая еврейская рабочая партия ‏סאָציִאַליסטישע ייִדישע אַרבעטער פּאַרטײ‏‎	SEPR СЕРП ‏סיאַפּ	Chaim Zhitlowsky	Socialism National personal autonomism	1905/6-1917 merged into UJSWP
		Labour Popular-Socialist Party Трудовая народно-социалистическая партия	Enes's Энесы	Alexey Peshekhonov Nikolai Annensky Venedikt Miakotin	Neo-Narodism Popular socialism Agrarian socialism Social democracy Left-wing nationalism	1906-1921
		Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion) Еврейская социал-демократическая партия (Поалей Цион) יידישע סאציאל דעמאָקראטישער ארבעטער פארטיי (פּאָלעי ציון)	JSDLP(PZ) ЕСДРП(ПЦ) יסדאפ (פּצ)	Ber Borochov Yitzhak Ben-Zvi	Marxism Socialist Zionism Socialism Centrist Marxism	1906-1928
		Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists Союз социалистов-революционеров-максималистов	Maximalists Максималисты	Mikhail Sokolov Vladimir Mazurin	Revolutionary socialism Neo-Narodism Left-wing terrorism Anti-capitalism	1906-1911, 1917-1919
		Labour Group Трудовая группа	Trudoviks Трудовики	Alexey Aladyin Alexander Kerensky	Social democracy Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism	1906-1921
		Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (большевиков)	RSDLP(b) РСДРП(б)	Vladimir Lenin Grigory Zinoviev	Communism Bolshevism	1912-1918 Successed by RCP(b)
		Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks) Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (меньшевиков)	RSDLP(m) РСДРП(м)	Julius Martov Pavel Axelrod Fyodor Dan	Social democracy Democratic socialism Menshevism	1912-1918
		Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists) Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (интернационалистов)	Mezhraiontsy Межрайонцы	Leon Trotsky Moisei Uritsky Adolph Joffe V. Volodarsky	Marxist socialism Proletarian internationalism Bolshevism-Menshevism	1913-1917 Merged into RSDLP(b)
		Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries Партия левых социалистов-революционеров	Left SRs Левые эсеры	Boris Kamkov Mark Natanson Maria Spiridonova	Agrarian socialism Anti-Bolshevism (since 1918) Revolutionary socialism Neo-Narodism	1917-1921
		Russian Socialist Labour Party of Internationalists Российская социалистическая рабочая партия интернационалистов	RSLPI РСРПИ	Boris Avilov Vladimir Bazarov Viacheslav Volgin Nikolai Sukhanov	Marxist socialism Proletarian internationalism	1917-1920 Merged into
		Party of Narodnik Communists Партия народников-коммунистов	PNC ПНК	Grigoriy Zaks	Communism Neo-Narodism	1918-1918 Merged into RCP(b)
		Party of Revolutionary Communism Партия революционного коммунизма	PRC ПРК	Mark Natanson Alexei Ustinov Andrei Kolegayev	Integral socialism Neo-Narodism	1918-1920 Merged into RCP(b)
		Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion) Еврейская коммунистическая партия (Поалей Цион) יידישע קאָמוניסטישע פארטיי (פּאָאַלעי ציון)	JСP(PZ) ЕКП (ПЦ) יקפ (פּצ)	Central Committee	Communism Marxism Proletarian internationalism Socialist Zionism	1919-1922 Merged into RCP(b)
		Union of Working Peasants Союз трудового крестьянства	STK СТК	Alexander Antonov Pyotr Tokmakov	Anti-communism Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism	1920-1921

Centrist and moderate right[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Прогрессивно-экономическая партия Российской империи Торгово-промышленный союз Российской империи Торгово-промышленная партия Российской империи	PEP ПЭП TPS ТПС TPP ТПП		Anti-socialism Bourgeoisie interests	1905-1905
		Партия правового порядка	PPP ППП	Anatoly Savenko	Constitutional monarchism Russian nationalism	1905-1917
		Ittifaq al-Muslimin Иттифак аль-Муслимин İttifaqi-Müslimin اتفاق المسلمين	Ittifaq Иттифак اتفاق	Alimardan bey Topchubashov Khalil bey Khasmammadov Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev	Islamic liberalism Jadidism Constitutional monarchism	1905-1917
		Constitutional Democratic Party Конституционно-демократическая партия	Kadets Кадеты	Pavel Miliukov	Constitutionalism Constitutional monarchism Liberal democracy Parliamentarism Political pluralism Social liberalism	1905-1917
		Union of October 17 Союз 17 октября	Octoberists Октябристы	Alexander Guchkov	Reformism Liberal conservatism Constitutional monarchism	1905-1917
		Союз свободы, истины и мира	UFTP ССИМ		Christian democracy Mennonism Left Baptism Constitutional monarchism	1905-1906
		Party of Democratic Reform Партия демократических реформ	PDR ПДР	Maksim Kovalevsky	Classical liberalism	1906-1907 Merged into Progressive Party
		Party of Peaceful Renovation Партия мирного обновления	PMO ПМО		Liberal conservatism Classical liberalism	1906-1907 Merged into Progressive Party
		Progressive Party Прогрессивная партия	Progressists Прогрессисты	Aleksandr Konovalov	Classical liberalism Conservative liberalism Constitutional monarchism	1907-1917

Right-wing[]

Name			Abbr.	Leader (s)	Ideology	Years active
		Russian Assembly Русское собрание	RS РС	Dmitri Golitsyn Nikolai Engelhardt	Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality Monarchism Conservatism Russian nationalism	1900-1917
		Русское братство	RB РБ	major Protsenko	Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism National conservatism Christian fundamentalism Anti-Semitism	1904-1913
		Union of the Russian People Союз русского народа	URP СРН	Alexander Dubrovin Nikolai Markov	Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Russia for Russians Triune Russian nation Great Russian nationalism Conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Right-wing populism Anti-Ukrainian sentiment Pochvennichestvo Anti-Semitism	1905-1917
		Союз русских людей	URM СРЛ	Alexander Shcherbatov	Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism Conservatism Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality Anti-Semitism	1905-1910/11
		Russian Monarchist Union Русский монархический союз	RMU РМС	Vladimir Gringmut	Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism Conservatism	1905-1917
		United Nobility Объединённое дворянство	OD ОД	Aleksei Bobrinsky Alexander Naryshkin Ananiy Strukov Alexander Samarin	Tsarist monarchism Russian nationalism Nobility interests	1906-1917
		Союз имени Михаила Архангела	SMA СМА	Vladimir Purishkevich	Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Russian ultranationalism National conservatism Anti-semitism	1908-1917
		Всероссийский национальный союз	VNS ВНС	Vasily Shulgin	Russian nationalism Tsarist monarchism National liberalism National conservatism	1908-1917
		Партия умеренно-правых	PMR ПУП		Russian nationalism Tsarist monarchism Orthodox fundamentalism Anti-liberalism	1909-1910 merged into
		Всероссийский дубровинский союз русского народа	ARDURP ВДСРН	Alexander Dubrovin	Black Hundreds Anti-Stolypin reform Great Russian ultranationalism National conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Agrarianism Anti-Semitism	1912-1917
		Отечественный патриотический союз	OPS ОПС	Vasiliy Orlov Vasiliy Skvortsov	Tsarist monarchism Conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Anti-socialism	1915-1917