List of private spaceflight companies
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This article is a list of non-governmental (privately owned) entities that currently offer—or are planning to offer—equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human.[inconsistent]
List of abbreviations used in this article |
---|
LEO: Low Earth orbit |
Commercial astronauts[]
- Association of Spaceflight Professionals[1][2] — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support (Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)[1][3]
Manufacturers of space vehicles[]
Cargo transport vehicles[]
Company name | Spacecraft | Launch system | Length (m) | Dry mass (kg) | Launch mass (kg) | Payload (kg) | Payload volume (m3) | Return payload (kg) | Diameter (m) | Generated power (W) | Automated docking | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SpaceX | Dragon | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 6.1 | 4,200[4] | 10,200 | 3,310 pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[5] | 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized), or 34 (unpressurized with extended trunk)[6] | 2,500 capsule return[7] | 3.7 | 2,000[8] | No | Retired (21/22) |
Dragon 2 | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 8.1 | 6,400 | 3,310 | 10.0 (pressurized), plus 14 (unpressurized) | 2,500 | 3.7 | Yes | Operational (2/2) | |||
Orbital | Cygnus (standard) | Antares 1x0 | 5.14 | 1,500[9] | 2,000[9] | 18.9[9] | None | 3.07 | 3,500[10] | No | Retired (3/4) | |
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Cygnus (enhanced) | Antares 230 Atlas V 401 |
6.34 | 1,800[11] | 3,500[11] | 27[11] | None | 3.07 | No | Operational (13/13) | ||
Sierra Nevada Corporation | Dream Chaser Cargo System | Atlas V Vulcan[12] |
5,000 pressurized, 500 unpressurized[13] | 1,750[13] | Yes | Development Planned: 2022 |
Crew transport vehicles[]
Orbital[]
Company name | Spacecraft | Range | Launch system |
Crew size |
Length (m) | Diameter (m) | Launch mass (kg) | Power system |
Generated power (W) |
First spaceflight* |
hideStatus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue Origin | Biconic Space Vehicle | LEO | New Glenn | Planned date not known | Development | ||||||
Boeing | CST-100 Starliner | LEO | Multiple, initially Atlas V | 7[14] | 5.03[15] | 4.56[15] | Solar panels | Planned: First Crewed 2021 (First Uncrewed: 20 December 2019, Second Uncrewed: late 2021) |
Development | ||
Sierra Nevada Corporation | Dream Chaser Space System | LEO | Multiple, initially Atlas V | 7[16][17] | 9[18] | 11,300[19] | Planned date not known | Development | |||
SpaceX | Dragon 2 | LEO | Falcon 9 Block 5 | 7[note 1] | 8.1[20] | 3.7[21] | Solar | Crewed: May 30, 2020 (Uncrewed: 2 March 2019) |
Operational (2/2) | ||
Starship | Mars[22][note 2] | Super Heavy | <=100 | 50[22] | 9[22][note 3] | 1,335,000[22] | Solar panels | Planned: 2021 without crew | Development |
- * - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
Suborbital[]
Company name | Spacecraft | Range | Launch system |
Crew size |
Length (m) | Diameter (m) | Launch mass (kg) | First spaceflight* |
Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scaled Composites | SpaceShipOne | 100 km (62 mi) | White Knight | 1 | 8.53 | 8.05 | 3,600 | 21 June 2004 | Retired (3/3)[note 1] |
Blue Origin | New Shepard Crew Capsule | 114 km (71 mi) (capsule, using the launch escape system motor) | New Shepard | 6 | 3.6 | 20 July 2021 | Operational (1/1) | ||
The Spaceship Company | SpaceShipTwo | 110 km (68 mi) | White Knight Two | 8 (2 Pilots, 6 Passengers) | 18.3 | 8.3 | 9,740 | 13 December 2018 | Testing (2/3)[note 2] |
Copenhagen Suborbitals[note 3] | Tycho Deep Space | 105 km (65 mi) |
Spica | 1 | 13 | 0.955 | 4,000 | Planned date not known | Development |
PD AeroSpace | (Unknown) | 110 km (68 mi)[23] | (Unknown) | 8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots) | 14.8[24] | >6,000 | Planned date not known | Development |
- * - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
Launch vehicle manufacturers[]
Company name | Launcher name |
Launcher type |
No. of stages |
Maximum reach |
Launcher status |
Maiden flight |
Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agnikul Cosmos | Light Rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2021 (planned) | ||
ARCA Space | Haas 2b | Suborbital crewed rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | [25] | |
Haas 2CA | Light rocket | 1 | LEO | Development | [26] | ||
Super Haas | Medium rocket | 2 | LEO | Proposed | [27] | ||
Australian Space Research Institute | AUSROC Nano | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | [28] | |
Astra Space | Astra Rocket 1 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (0/1) | 2018 | [29][30][31] |
Astra Rocket 2 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Operational (0/1) | 2018 | [32] | |
Astra Rocket 3 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development (1/3) | 2020 | [33][34] | |
SALVO | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [35][36][37] | |
Bellatrix Aerospace | Chetak | Light Rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | |
Blue Origin | New Shepard | Reusable Suborbital rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (15/15) | 2015 | |
New Glenn | Reusable Heavy rocket | 2 or 3 | GTO | Development | Q4 2022 (planned) | [38][39][40] | |
New Armstrong | Reusable Super-heavy rocket | 3 | HCO | Proposed | ~2030 (proposed) | ||
BluShift Aerospace | Stardust | Reusable Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2020 | |
Starless Rogue | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Development | Q4 2021 (planned) | ||
Red Dwarf | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | Q2 2024 (planned) | ||
Borneo SubOrbitals | TBA | Sounding rocket | 2 or 3 | Suborbital | Development | 2021/2022 (planned) | [41][42][43] |
Canadian Arrow | Canadian Arrow | Suborbital crewed rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [44] |
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C. | JFCR.2000-Pollux | Sounding socket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | [45][46] | |
Exos Aerospace | SARGE | Reusable Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (3/4) | 2018 | [47][48] |
Firefly Aerospace | Firefly Alpha | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2021 (planned) | |
Firefly Beta | Light rocket | 2 + 2 boosters | LEO | Development | |||
General Astronautics | Urania | Medium rocket | 3 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [49][50] |
Gilmour Space Technologies | RASTA | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Retired (1/1) | 2016 | [51] |
Eris | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2022 (Planned) | [51] | |
Generation Orbit | X-60A (GOLauncher 1) | Air-launched sounding rocket | 1 + airplane | Suborbital | Development | [52][53] | |
GOLauncher 2 | Air-launch-to-orbit | 2 + airplane | LEO | Development | |||
Independence-X Aerospace | DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle) | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (planned) | [54][55] |
Interorbital Systems | NEPTUNE N series | Light rocket | 3–4 | LEO | Development | [56][57] | |
NEPTUNE N36 | Light rocket | 4 | TLI | Proposed | [56][57] | ||
Neptune TSAAHTO | Medium rocket | 2½ | TLI | Proposed | [56] | ||
Interstellar Technologies | Momo | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (3/7) | 2017 | [58][59] |
Isar Aerospace | Spectrum | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [60] |
Launcher[61] | Engine-2[62] | Light rocket | 1 | LEO | Development | 2024 (planned) | |
Leaf Space | Primo | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Proposed | [63][64] | |
Lin Industrial | Taymyr | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | [65][66] | |
Lockheed Martin | VentureStar | Reusable spaceplane | 1 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [67] |
Athena | Medium rocket | 2 or 3 | TLI | Retired (5/7) | 1995 | ||
Mishaal Aerospace | M-SV | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | [68][69][70] | |
M-OV | Light rocket | 1 + 6 Boosters | LEO | Development | [68][69][71] | ||
M-LV | Light rocket | 1 + 8 boosters | TLI | Development | [68][69][72] | ||
OneSpace | OS-X | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Operational (2/2) | 2018 | [73] |
OS-M1 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Operational (0/1) | 2019 | [74] | |
OS-M2 | Light rocket | 3 + 2 boosters | LEO | Development | [75] | ||
OS-M4 | Light rocket | 3 + 4 boosters | LEO | Development | [76] | ||
Orbex | Prime | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [77] |
OrbitX | Haribon SLS-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023–2024 (planned) | |
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Antares | Medium rocket | 3 | LEO | Operational (10/11) | 2013 | [78] |
Minotaur-C, formerly Taurus | Light rocket | 4 | LEO | Operational (7/10) | 1994 | [79][80][81] | |
Pegasus | Air-launch-to-orbit | 3-4 + airplane | HEO | Operational (39/44) | 1990 | ||
Omega | Medium rocket | 3 + 0-6 boosters | GEO | Cancelled | (Was planned for 2021) | [82] | |
Orbital Transport & Raketen AG | OTRAG | Medium rocket | variable | LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved) |
Retired (15/18) | 1977 | [83] |
Perigee Aerospace | Blue Whale 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2021 (planned) | [84][85] |
PLD Space | Miura 1 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2020-2021 (planned) | [86][87][88][89] |
Miura 5 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [87] | |
Relativity Space | Terran 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2021 (planned) | [90][91] |
Terran R | Reusable Medium rocket | 2 | Deep space | Development | 2024 (planned) | [92] | |
Rocket Crafters | Intrepid-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | [93][94] | |
Rocket Lab | Ātea-1 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Retired (1/1) | 2009 | [95][96] |
Ātea-2 | Sounding rocket | 2 | Suborbital | Cancelled | [97] | ||
Electron | Reusable Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Operational (18/21) | 2017 | [98] | |
Neutron | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO | Development | 2024 (planned) | ||
RocketStar | Star-Lord | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | [99] | |
Rocket Factory Augsburg | RFA One | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [100][101] |
Skyroot Aerospace | Vikram-1 | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2021 (planned) | [102] |
Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | ||||
Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | ||||
Skyrora | Skyrora 1 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2020 (planned) | [103][104][105] |
Skyrora XL | Light rocket | 3 | LEO | Development | 2021 (planned) | [106][107][108] | |
Bigos | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (5/5) | 2015 | [109] | |
Candle-2 | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2016 | [110][111][112] | |
Perun | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Operational (1/1) | 2020[113] | [114] | |
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket) | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Development | 2022 (planned) | [109][115] | |
Space Services Inc. | Percheron | Sounding rocket | 1 | Suborbital | Cancelled | — | [116] |
Conestoga 1620 | Medium rocket | 4 | LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved) |
Retired (0/1) | 1995 | [116] | |
SpaceLS | Prometheus-1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | [117][118] | |
Space Pioneer | Tiansuo-1 | Vertical landing test stage | 1 | suborbital | Development | 2021 (planned) | [119] |
Tianlong-1 | Light rocket | LEO | Development | [119] | |||
SpaceX | Falcon 1 | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Retired (2/5) | 2006 | [120] |
Falcon 1e | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | — | [120] | |
Falcon 5 | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO | Cancelled | — | [121] | |
Falcon 9 v1.0 | Medium rocket | 2 | GTO (designed) LEO (achieved) |
Retired (5/5) | 2010 | [122] | |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | Medium rocket | 2 | HCO | Retired (14/15) | 2013 | [122] | |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust Block 1-4 |
Reusable Medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable) |
2 | TMI[123] | Retired (36/36) | 2015 | [122] | |
Falcon 9 Block 5 | Reusable Medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable) |
2 | TMI[123] | Operational (68/68) | 2018 | [124][125] | |
Falcon Heavy | Reusable Heavy rocket / Super-heavy rocket (expendable) |
2 + 2 boosters | Deep space (Pluto)[126] | Operational (3/3) | 2018 | [122][127] | |
Starship Super-Heavy | Reusable Super-heavy rocket | 2 | Deep space | Development | 2021 (planned)[128] | [129] | |
United Launch Alliance | Atlas V | Medium rocket | 2 + 0-5 boosters | TMI | Operational (80/81) | 2002 | [130] |
Delta II 6000 | Medium rocket | 2-3 + 9 boosters | GTO | Retired (17/17) | 1989 | [131] | |
Delta II 7000 | Light rocket | 2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boosters | GTO | Retired (130/132) | 1990 | [131] | |
Delta II 7000H | Medium rocket | 2-3 + 9 boosters | TMI | Retired (6/6) | 2003 | [131] | |
Delta IV | Medium rocket | 2 + 0, 2 or 4 boosters | GTO | Retired (28/28) | 2003 | [132] | |
Delta IV Heavy | Heavy rocket | 2 + 2 boosters | GTO | Operational (10/11) | 2004 | [133] | |
Vulcan | Heavy rocket | 2 + 0-6 boosters | GTO | Development | 2022 (planned) | [134] | |
Vector Launch | Vector-R | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Development | 2023 (2 prototype launches in 2017) | |
Vector-RE1 | Light rocket | 2 or 3 | LEO | Cancelled | |||
Vector-H | Light rocket | 2 | LEO | Cancelled | |||
Vector-HE1 | Light rocket | 2 or 3 | LEO | Cancelled | |||
Virgin Orbit | LauncherOne | Air-launch-to-orbit | 2 + airplane | LEO | Operational (1/2) | 2020 (First successful attempt Jan 2021) | [135] |
Zero2infinity | Bloostar | Rockoon system (high-altitude balloon and space launcher) | 3 + high-altitude balloon | LEO | Development | Unknown | [136] |
Landers, rovers and orbiters[]
Company name | Craft name | Craft type | Craft status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
ARCASPACE | ELE (European Lunar Explorer) | lunar orbiter | Cancelled | [137] |
Astrobotic Technology | Red Rover | lunar rover | Development | [138] |
Griffin (previously Artemis Lander) | lunar lander | Negotiating | [139] | |
Peregrine Lander | lunar lander | Development | [140] | |
Euroluna | ROMIT | lunar rover | Cancelled | [141] |
Golden Spike Company (defunct) |
unnamed | crewed lunar lander | Cancelled | [142] |
Hakuto | Sorato | lunar rover | Development | [143][144] |
Tetris | lunar rover | Cancelled | [145] | |
Independence-X Aerospace | SQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander) | lunar lander | Cancelled | [146] |
Interorbital Systems | RIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever) | lunar lander | Development | [147] |
Intuitive Machines | Nova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[148] | lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicle | Development | [149] |
Lunar Mission One | unnamed | lunar lander | Proposed (2014) | [150] |
Masten Space Systems | XEUS | lunar lander | Negotiating | [139] |
Masten Space Systems | XL-1 | lunar lander | Development | [151] |
Moon Express | MX-1 | lunar lander | Testing | [139][152] |
Odyssey Moon | MoonOne (M-1) | lunar rover | Cancelled | [153] |
Omega Envoy | Sagan | lunar rover | Cancelled | [154] |
OrbitBeyond | Z-01 | lunar landers and rovers | Proposed (2018) | [155][156] |
PTScientists | Audi Lunar quattro | lunar rover | Testing | [157] |
PTScientists | ALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module) | lunar lander | Development | [158] |
Puli Space Technologies | Puli | lunar rover | Fundraising | [159] |
Team FREDNET | Picorover | lunar rover | Cancelled | [160] |
Team Italia | AMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte) | lunar rover | Cancelled | [161] |
Team Indus | HHK-1 | lunar lander | Development | |
Team Indus | ECA | lunar rover | Development | |
TransOrbital | TrailBlazer | lunar orbiter | Cancelled | [162] |
Team Plan B | Plan B | lunar rover | Cancelled | |
Asagumo | lunar rover | Development | [163] | |
Space IL | Beresheet | lunar lander | Crashed upon landing | |
Space Explration Corp | Defiant | lunar lander | Cancelled | [164] |
Synergy Moon | Tesla | lunar rover | Development | [165] |
Research craft and tech demonstrators[]
Company name | Craft name | Craft purpose | Craft status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
ARCA | Demonstrator 2b | demonstrate reusable monopropellant engine | Retired | |
Armadillo Aerospace | Quad | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
ASRI | AUSROC I | systems Testing | Retired | |
AUSROC II | payload to 10 km | Retired | ||
AUSROC 2.5 | systems Testing | Testing | ||
AUSROC III | payload of 150 kg to 500 km | Development | ||
Blue Origin | Goddard | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
Interorbital Systems | Neutrino | systems Testing | Operational | |
Tachyon | systems Testing | Operational | [166] | |
Lockheed Martin | X-33 | demonstrate SSTO | Cancelled | |
Masten Space Systems | XA-0.1 | demonstrate VTOL | Retired | |
XA-0.1B | Lunar Lander Challenge Level 1 | Operational | ||
XA-0.1E | Lunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flights | Retired (12 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E2 | commercial flights | Destroyed (115 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E4 | commercial flights | Retired (75 flights) | ||
XA-0.1E5 | commercial flights | Operational | ||
XL-1T | terrestrial test bed for the XL-1 lunar lander | Development | ||
Xeus | commercial flights | Development | ||
McDonnell Douglas | DC-X | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (11 test flights) | |
Origin Space | Yang Wang-1 | space mineral resources developer | Development | [167] |
Rotary Rocket | Roton ATV | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (3 test flights) | |
Space Services Inc. | Conestoga I | systems Testing | Retired (1 test) | [116] |
SpaceX | Grasshopper | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (8 tests) | [168] |
F9R Dev1 | refine VTOL (low altitude) | Destroyed (5 flights) | [169] | |
F9R Dev2 | refine VTOL (high altitude) | Cancelled | ||
Starhopper | demonstrate VTOL | Retired (2 test flights) | ||
Starship prototypes | demonstrate VTOL | Operational (2 test flight) | ||
Swedish Space Corp. | Maxus | payload to 700 km | Operational | |
Maser | payload to 300 km | Operational | ||
UP Aerospace | SpaceLoft XL | payload to 140 km | Operational | [170] |
World View Enterprises | Tycho Platform | payload up to 46 km and 300 kg | Operational | [171] |
zero2infinity | nanobloon 1.0 | payload to 32 km | Operational | [172] |
nanobloon 2.0 | payload to 33 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 1.0 | payload to 24 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 2.0 | payload to 31 km | Operational | ||
microbloon 3.0 | payload to 27 km | Operational |
Propulsion manufacturers[]
Company name | Engine | Engine type | Applications | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accion Systems Inc. | MAX-1, TILE | electrospray ion | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [173][174] |
Ad Astra Rocket Company | VASIMR | plasma propulsion | space tug/orbital transfer vehicle | Development | [175] |
ARCA | Executor | LOX/RP-1 | IAR 111, Haas 2, Haas 2b, Super Haas | Development | |
ArianeGroup | Vulcain | LH2/LOX | Ariane 5/Ariane 6 Main stage | Operational | |
Blue Origin | BE-3 | LH2/LOX | New Shepard | Operational | |
Blue Origin | BE-4 | LOX/CH 4 |
Vulcan, New Glenn | Development | |
CU Aerospace | PUC | microcavity discharge | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [176][177] |
CU Aerospace | CHIPS | resistojet | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [177][178] |
CU Aerospace | PPT-11 | pulsed plasma | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [179][180] |
Exo Terra Resource | Halo | Hall effect | small satellite/CubeSat | Development | [181] |
Reaction Engines Ltd. | SABRE | hybrid air-breathing/chemical | Skylon | Development | [182] |
SpaceDev | RocketMotorOne | hybrid | SpaceShipOne | Retired | [183] |
SpaceX | Kestrel | LOX/RP-1 | Falcon 1 second stage | Retired | |
SpaceX | Merlin | LOX/RP-1 | Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy first stage/boosters | Operational | [184][185][126] |
SpaceX | Merlin Vacuum | LOX/RP-1 | Falcon 9 second stage, Falcon Heavy second stage | Operational | [185][126] |
SpaceX | Raptor | LOX/CH 4 |
SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure | Testing | [186] |
Virgin Galactic | RocketMotorTwo | hybrid | SpaceShipTwo | Development | |
Ursa Major Technologies | Jet-A/LOX | Hypersonics, Boost Stage, Upper Stage | Operational | [187] |
Satellite launchers[]
Company | Launch vehicles | Private | Refs |
---|---|---|---|
Antrix Corporation | GSLV, PSLV | No; owned by India | |
Arianespace | Ariane, Vega | Partial; minority owned by some EU states | |
Eurockot Launch Services | Rockot | No; 49% owned by Russia, and 51% by Kazakhstan | |
Glavcosmos | Soyuz | No; owned by Russia | |
IHI Corporation | Epsilon | Yes; some R&D by JAXA | |
International Launch Services | Proton | No; 51%+ owned by Russia | |
ISC Kosmotras | Dnepr | No; Owned by Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. | |
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | H-IIA | Yes; own launchers, R&D done by JAXA. | [188] |
Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems | Antares, Minotaur | Partial; own launchers, funded by NASA | |
Rocket Lab | Neutron, Electron | Yes; own launchers | |
SpaceX | Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy | Yes; own launchers | |
Sea Launch | Zenit | Yes; owned by S7 Airlines | |
Starsem | Soyuz | No; 25% Owned by Russia, 25% Samara, 35% EADS SPACE Transportation, 15% EU | |
United Launch Alliance | Atlas V, Delta IV Heavy | Yes; 50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing |
Space-based economy[]
Space manufacturing[]
Company name | Products | Manufacturing craft | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shackleton Energy Company | propellant, space infrastructure, propellant depot | Unknown | Defunct (2020) | [189] |
Made In Space | 3D printing in ISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber optics | Unknown | Operational (2018) | [190] |
Deep Space Industries | propellant, communications platforms, space solar power satellites | MicroGravity Foundry | Defunct (2020) | [191] |
Cosmic Shielding Corporation | Space Materials; Multifunctional polymers for spacecraft and habitat structural and shielding components | Unknown | Operational (2021) | [192] |
Space mining[]
Company name | Body to be mined | Mining craft | Mining status | Ref
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Moon, Near-Earth asteroids | RASSOR BLADE | Development (2019) | [193][194][195]
| |
Deep Space Industries | Near-Earth asteroids | Prospector-1, Harvestor 1 | Defunct (2019) | [196][197] |
ispace | Moon | Hakuto-R | Development | [198][199] |
Moon Express | Moon | MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 | Development | [200] |
Planetary Resources | Near-Earth asteroids | Arkyd Series 100, 200, 300 | Cancelled | [201] |
Shackleton Energy Company | Moon | TBD | Defunct (2020) | [189] |
Space Development Nexus | Near-Earth asteroids | SDNx BR-1, BR-2, | Proposed (2016) | [202] |
Space stations[]
Private Company name | Space Craft name | Space Craft type | Internal volume |
Passenger capacity |
Craft status | Orbit Around | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Axiom Space | Axiom International Commercial Space Station | Rigid Module | 8[203] | In development (2016) | Earth | [204][205] | |
Bigelow Aerospace | Genesis I subscale test spacecraft | Inflatable module | 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[206] | Uncrewed | Derelict, on orbit[207] | Earth | [208] |
Genesis II subscale test spacecraft | Inflatable module | 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[209] | Uncrewed | Derelict, on orbit[207] | Earth | [210] | |
Galaxy | Inflatable module | 16.7 m3 (590 cu ft)[211] | Uncrewed | Cancelled | Earth | [212] | |
Sundancer | Inflatable module | 180 m3 (6,357 cu ft) | 3 | Cancelled | Earth | [213] | |
BA 330 | Inflatable module | 330 m3 (11,654 cu ft) | 6 | Cancelled[214] | Earth | [215][216][217] | |
BA 2100 | Inflatable module | 2,100 m3 (74,161 cu ft) | 16 | Cancelled[214] | Earth | [218] | |
Space Complex Alpha | Inflatable space station | 690 m3 (24,367 cu ft) | 12 | Cancelled | Earth | ||
Excalibur Almaz | Almaz derivative | Rigid module | 3 | Cancelled | Earth | [219][220][221] | |
Galactic Suite Ltd. | Galactic Suite | Rigid module | 6 | Proposed (2007) | Earth | [222] | |
Orion Span | Aurora Space Station | Rigid module | 160 m3 (5,650 cu ft) | 6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists) | Proposed (2018) | Earth | [223][224] |
Sierra Nevada Corporation | Large Inflatable Fabric Environment | Inflatable module | 300 m3 (10,594 cu ft) | 4 | Testing | Moon/Mars | [225] |
Space settlement[]
Company name | Colony location | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
SpaceX | Mars | Development | [226][227][228] |
Mars One | Mars | Defunct (2019) | [229][230] |
Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers[]
Company | Products | Refs |
---|---|---|
Altius Space Machines | Rendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshell aerocapture and aerobraking technology for CubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators[when?] | [citation needed] |
Andrews Space | Reusable space vehicles; HTHL spacecraft; magnetorquers[when?] | [citation needed] |
Alén Space | NanoSats and CubeSats | [231] |
Astranis | MicroGEO Satellites | |
TESBL Aerospace Corporation | In-space services; Solar Array Drive Actuators (SADA); microgravity payload integration, as of 2019 | [232] |
Axelspace | CubeSats | [234][235] |
Craig Technologies | Small satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration[when?] | [236] |
EADS Astrium Satellites | Spacecraft and ground segment elements | [citation needed] |
EADS Astrium Space Transportation | Launchers and orbital infrastructure | [citation needed] |
Innovative Solutions In Space | CubeSat manufacture and operation, as of 2018 | [237] |
Made in Space | 3D printers for use in microgravityas of 2013 | [238] |
Mynaric | Laser communication for satellites and aircraft | [citation needed] |
Antenna Pointing Mechanisms; Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA); satellite components; launchers and structures as of 2009 | [239] | |
SpaceDev | Small spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures[when?] | [citation needed] |
SpaceQuest, Ltd. | Spacecraft and spacecraft components[when?] | [citation needed] |
Xplore | Satellite payload transport and hosting in Earth orbit and Beyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active as of 2020 | [240] |
Cosmic Shielding Corporation | Radiation Shielding materials for spacecraft and spacesuits; Space Weather Forecasting and Mitigation | [192] |
Spaceliner companies[]
Company name | Contracts for | Craft utilised | Status | Notes | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Axiom Space | SpaceX | Crew Dragon | Development | SpaceX Axiom Space-1 planned for 2021 | [241] |
Benson Space Company | SpaceDev | Dream Chaser | Defunct | [242] | |
MirCorp | none | Soyuz TM, Progress M1 and Mir | Defunct | Mir deorbited | |
Space Adventures | SpaceX | Soyuz, Crew Dragon and the ISS | Active | 7 tourists sent, Space Adventures Crew Dragon planned for late 2021-early 2022 | [243] |
RocketShip Tours | XCOR | Lynx rocketplane | Defunct | ||
Virgin Galactic | Scaled Composites | Spaceship Two, White Knight 2 | Development | 7 Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed |
See also[]
- List of government space agencies
- List of spacecraft manufacturers including the "traditional space" companies
- NewSpace
- Private spaceflight
- Robert Truax
- Space industry
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