List of sovereign states in 1495

The notion of a sovereign state arises in the mid-16th century with the development of modern diplomacy. For earlier times, the term "sovereign state" is an anachronism. What corresponded to sovereign states in the medieval and ancient period were monarchs ruling By the Grace of God, de facto feudal or imperial autocrats, or de facto independent nations or tribal confederations.

Sovereign states[]

(under construction)

A[]

Aach - Lordship of Aach
Aachen - Free Imperial City of Aachen
Aalen - Free Imperial City of Aalen
Adal – Adal Sultanate
– Sultanate of Algiersh
Alodia – Kingdom of Alodia
Alsace - Duchy of Alsace
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Anhalt - Principality of Anhalt
Annam - Kingdom of Annam
Ansbach - Margraviate of Ansbach
Aq Qoyunlu – Aq Qoyunlu Federation
Aragon - Kingdom of Aragon
Arakan – Sultanate of Arakan
Armagnac - County of Armagnac
Ashanti – Empire of Ashanti
Assam – Kingdom of Assam
Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan
Austria - Archduchy of Austria
Auvergne - County of Auvergne
Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
Aztec Empire – Aztec Empire

B[]

Baden - Margraviate of Baden
Bali - Sultanate of Bali
Bavaria - Duchy of Bavaria
Béarn – Viscountcy of Béarn
Bengal - Sultanate of Bengal
Benin – Benin Empire
Bhadgaon – Kingdom of Bhadgaon
Bohemia - Kingdom of Bohemia
Bosnian Kingdom
Bourbonnais - Duchy of Bourbonnais
Brandenburg - March/Margraviate of Brandenburg
Bremen - Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
Brittany - Duchy of Brittany
Brunei - Sultanate of Brunei
Brunswick-Lüneburg - Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg

C[]

Castille - Crown of Castille
Catalonia - Principality of Catalonia
Chagatai Khanate - Chagatai Khanate
Champa - Kingdom of Champa
Cherokee – Cherokee Tribe
China – Empire of the Great Ming
Cleves - Duchy of Cleves
Cologne - Electorate of Cologne
Connaught – Kingdom of Connaught
Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
Creek – Creek Tribe
Crimea – Crimean Khanate

D[]

Deccan – Sultanate of Deccan
Delhi – Sultanate of Delhi

E[]

England – Kingdom of England
Ethiopia – Empire of Ethiopia

F[]

Ferrara – Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
Fez – Kingdom of Fez
Florence – Republic of Florence
France – Kingdom of France
Funj – Funj Tribe

G[]

Genoa – Republic of Genoa
Gondwana – Kingdom of Gondwana
Golden Horde – Golden Horde
Gujarat – Sultanate of Gujarat

H[]

Haasa – Haasa Tribe
Ifriqiya – Ruled by the Hafsid dynasty
Hawsa – Hawsa Tribe
Hedjaz – Sultanate of Hedjaz
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
Huron – Huron Tribe

I[]

Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti, with autonomous vassals:
- Guria – Principality of Guria
- Mingrelia – Principality of Mingrelia, with vassal:
  - Abkhazia – Principality of Abkhazia
- Svaneti – Principality of Svaneti
Inca Empire – Inca Empire
Iroquois – Iroquois, the Nations

J[]

Japan – divided into small warring states
Jolof – Jolof Empire, with vassal:
- Waalo – Kingdom of Waalo

K[]

Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti
Kalmar Union – Kalmar Union, consisting of
- Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
- Norway – Kingdom of Norway
- Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Kanem Bornu – Empire of Kanem Bornu
Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli^[1]
Kashmir – Sultanate of Kashmir
Kathmandu – Kingdom of Kathmandu
Kazakh Khanate – Kazakh Khanate
Kazan – Khanate of Kazan
Khandesh – Sultanate of Khandesh
Knights of St. John – Knights of St. John
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
Kotoko – Kotoko Kingdom

L[]

Lithuania – Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Lucca – Republic of Lucca

M[]

Majapahit – Majapahit Empire
Malacca – Sultanate of Malacca
Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
Mali – Mali Empire
Malwa – Sultanate of Malwa
Mamluk Sultanate – Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara
Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
Maya – Maya Empire
Modena – Duchy of Modena
Moldavia – Principality of Moldavia
Mong Mao – Mong Mao
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
Mughalistan – Khanate of Mughalistan
Munster – Kingdom of Munster
Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Moscow
Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
Mahiya Rajput – Kingdom of Wakaner

N[]

Najd – Kingdom of Najd
Naples – Kingdom of Naples
Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal

O[]

Oman – Sultanate of Oman
Orissa – Kingdom of Orissa
Ottoman Empire – Ottoman Empire, with vassals:
- Crimea – Crimean Khanate
- Wallachia – Principality of Wallachia
Oyo – Oyo Empire

P[]

Papal States – States of the Church
Patan – Kingdom of Patan
Pegu – Kingdom of Pegu
Poland – Kingdom of Poland
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Pskov – Pskov Feudal Republic

Q[]

Qara Koyunlu – Federation of Qara Koyunlu
Qasim – Qasim Khanate

R[]

Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
Rajputna – Kingdom of Rajputna
Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan
Ryūkyū – Ryūkyū Kingdom

S[]

Saaremaa – Bishopric of Saaremaa-Wiek
Saluzzo – Marquisate of Saluzzo
Samtskhe – Principality of Samtskhe
San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
County of Santa Fiora
Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland
Shan – Kingdom of Shan
Shawnee – Tribe of Shawnee
Siberia – Khanate of Sibir
Siena – Republic of Siena
Sind – Sultanate of Sind
Songhai – Songhai Empire
Spain – Spain, a loose union between:
- Aragon – Crown of Aragon, consisting of:
  - Aragon – Kingdom of Aragon
  - Catalonia – Principality of Catalonia
  - Majorca – Kingdom of Majorca
  - Sicily – Kingdom of Sicily
  - Valencia – Kingdom of Valencia
- Castile and León – Crown of Castile, consisting of:
  - Castile – Kingdom of Castile
  - León – Kingdom of León
Sri Lanka – Kotte Kingdom
Sukhothai – Kingdom of Sukhothai
Sulu – Sulu Sultanate
Swahili – Swahili Tribe
Sweden - Kingdom of Sweden
Switzerland - Swiss Confederacy