List of sovereign states in the 1900s
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Sovereign states by year | ||
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List of sovereign states in 1899 | Events of 1900 | List of sovereign states in 1901 |
This list is incomplete; you can help by . (May 2019) |
Sovereign states[]
Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty | |
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A[] | ||
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→ Acre – Independent State of Acre (to March 15, 1900, from November to December 24, 1900, and from January 27 to November 11, 1903.) Capital: Cidade do Acre |
De facto independent state to March 15, 1900, from November 1900 to December 24, 1900, and from January 27, 1903, to November 11, 1903. Claimed by Bolivia. | |
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Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr (to 1900) Capital: Agadez |
Widely recognized independent state to 1900.[1] | |
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Andorra – Principality of Andorra Capital: Andorra la Vella |
Widely recognized independent state.[2] | |
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Angoche – Angoche Sultanate Capital: Angoche |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Argentina – Argentine Republic Capital: Buenos Aires |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Aro – Aro Confederacy (to January 1902) Capital: Arochukwu |
Widely recognized independent state to January 1902. Annexed by France. | |
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Ashanti – Ashanti Empire (to January 1, 1902) Capital: Kumasi |
Widely recognized independent state to January 1, 1902. Anexed by the United Kingdom on January 1, 1902. | |
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→ → Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (from January 1, 1901) Capital: Melbourne |
Widely recognized independent state from January 1, 1901.[3] Australia is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia has 1 External Territory:
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Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) |
Widely recognized independent state. Austria-Hungary has 1 concession and 1 condominium:
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B[] | ||
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Bali – Kingdom of Bali (to April 18, 1908) Capital: Klungkung |
Widely recognized independent state to April 18, 1908. Annexed by the Netherlands and became part of the Dutch East Indies. | |
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Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Capital: Brussels |
Widely recognized independent state. Belgium has 1 colony and 1 concession:
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Bhutan Capital: Punakha
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Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Biu – Biu Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Biu |
Widely recognized independent state to 1900. | |
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Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Brakna – Brakna Emirate (to October 18, 1904) Capital: Aleg |
Widely recognized independent state to October 18, 1904. | |
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Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil Capital: Rio de Janeiro |
Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[a] | |
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Bulgaria Capital: Sofia
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De facto independent state until October 5, 1908. Widely recognized independent state from October 5, 1908.[4] | |
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C[] | ||
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Canada – Dominion of Canada Capital: Ottawa |
Widely recognized independent state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. | |
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Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak (to November 22, 1904) Capital: Champasak |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Chile – Republic of Chile Capital: Santiago |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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China – Great Qing Empire Capital: Peking |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Colombia – Republic of Colombia Capital: Bogotá |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Congo – Congo Free State (to November 15, 1908) Capital: Boma |
Widely recognized independent state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium. | |
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→ Costa Rica – First Costa Rican Republic Capital: San José |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from May 20, 1902 to September 28, 1906 and from February 6, 1909) Capital: Havana |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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D[] | ||
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Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur Capital: El Fasher |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Dendi – Dendi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Lulami |
Widely recognized independent state until 1901. | |
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Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen |
Widely recognized independent state. Denmark has 2 colonies and 1 dependency and 1 territory:
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Dhala – Emirate of Dhala (to 1904) Capital: Dhala |
Widely recognized independent state until 1904. | |
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Dominican Republic – Second Dominican Republic Capital: Santo Domingo |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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E[] | ||
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→ Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Capital: Quito |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire Capital: Addis Ababa |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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F[] | ||
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France – French Republic Capital: Paris |
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France:
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G[] | ||
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Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi (to September 3, 1908) Capital: Afgooye |
Widely recognized independent state. Incorporated into Italian Somaliland. | |
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Germany – German Realm Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:
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Greece – Kingdom of Greece Capital: Athens |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma (to 1902) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state until 1902. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1902. | |
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H[] | ||
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Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il Capital: Ha'il |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Haiti – Republic of Haiti Capital: Port-au-Prince |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Honduras – Republic of Honduras Capital: Tegucigalpa |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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I[] | ||
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Igala – Igala Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Idah |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Igara – Kingdom of Igara (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀ |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Italy – Kingdom of Italy Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized state. Italy had two colonies and one concession:
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J[] | ||
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Japan – Empire of Japan Capital: Tokyo City |
Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following protectorates, dependencies and concessions:
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K[] | ||
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Kajara – Kajara Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state to 1901. | |
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Kano – Kano Emirate (to February 3, 1903) Capital: Takai |
Widely recognized independent state to February 3, 1903. | |
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Kasanje – Kasanje Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate (to 1902) Capital: Argungu |
Widely recognized independent state to 1902. | |
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Kel Ahaggar (to 1903) Capital: Hoggar Mountains |
Widely recognized independent state to 1903. | |
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Korea – Greater Korean Empire (to November 17, 1905) Capital: Hanseong |
Widely recognized independent state to November 17, 1905. Became a Japanese protectorate from November 17, 1905. | |
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Kuba – Kuba Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: |
Widely recognized independent state to 1900. | |
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L[] | ||
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Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Lafia |
Widely recognized independent state to 1900. | |
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Liberia – Republic of Liberia Capital: Monrovia |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein Capital: Vaduz |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Capital: Luxembourg City |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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M[] | ||
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Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom (to 1908) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Mexico – United Mexican States Capital: Mexico City |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Monaco – Principality of Monaco Capital: Monaco |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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→ Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro Capital: Cetinje |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco Capital: Fes |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr (to 1908) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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N[] | ||
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Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam |
Widely-recognized independent state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
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Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (from September 26, 1907) Capital: St. John's |
Widely recognized independent state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. | |
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New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand (from September 26, 1907) Capital: Wellington |
Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand:
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→ Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Capital: Managua |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Niue – Kingdom of Niue-Fekai (to October 20, 1900) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state to October 20, 1900. | |
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Norway – Kingdom of Norway Capital: Christiania |
Widely recognized independent state. In personal union with Sweden until June 7, 1905. Norway had three uninhabited possessions:
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Nri – Kingdom of Nri Capital: Igbo-Ukwu |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Nshenyi – Nshenyi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state to 1901. | |
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O[] | ||
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Obwera – Obwera Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Onitsha – Onitsha Kingdom (to 1900) Capital: Onitsha |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Orange Free State (to May 31, 1902) Capital: Bloemfontein |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State Capital: Constantinople |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are autonomous Khedivate, Sharifate, Kazas and Principality of Ottoman Empire:
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Ouaddai – Wadai Empire Capital: Abéché |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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P[] | ||
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→ Panama – Republic of Panama (from November 3, 1903) Capital: Panama City |
Widely recognized independent state from November 3, 1903.[5] | |
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Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Capital: Asunción |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Pattani – Sultanate of Patani (to 1902) Capital: Patani |
Widely recognized independent state until 1902. | |
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→ Persia – Sublime State of Persia Capital: Tehran |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Peru – Peruvian Republic Capital: Lima |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Philippines – Philippine Republic (de facto independent state, to March 23,1901) Capital: Several temporary capitals |
De facto independent state, to March 23, 1901. | |
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Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal Capital: Lisbon |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal:
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Potiskum – Potiskum Emirate (to 1901) Capital: Potiskum |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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R[] | ||
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Riyadh – Emirate of Riyadh (from January 15,1902) Capital: Riyadh |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Romania – Kingdom of Romania Capital: Bucharest |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Russia – Russian Empire Capital: Saint Petersburg |
Widely recognized independent state. Russia had two protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy: | |
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S[] | ||
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San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino Capital: San Marino |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia Capital: Belgrade |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Siam – Kingdom of Siam Capital: Bangkok |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Sokoto – Caliphal State in the Bilād as-Sūdān (to July 29th 1903) Capital: Sokoto |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Spain – Kingdom of Spain Capital: Madrid |
Widely recognized independent state. Spain had three colonies, and two possessions:
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Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (to June 1902) Capital: Bremersdorp |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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→ Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905)[b] Capital: Stockholm |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Switzerland – Swiss Confederation Capital: Bern |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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T[] | ||
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Tagant – Emirate of Tagant (to 1905) Capital: Tidjikja |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga (to May 18, 1900) Capital: Nuku'alofa |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Transvaal – South African Republic (to May 31, 1902) Capital: Pretoria |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Trarza – Emirate of Trarza (to December 15, 1902) Capital: Rosso |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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U[] | ||
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United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital: London |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
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→ United States – United States of America Capital: Washington D.C. |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are territories of the United States of America:
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Upper Yafa – Sultanate of Upper Yafa (to 1903) Capital: |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay Capital: Montevideo |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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V[] | ||
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→ Venezuela – United States of Venezuela Capital: Caracas |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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W[] | ||
Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq (to 1906) Capital: |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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Wukari – Wukari Federation (to 1900) Capital: Wukari |
Widely recognized independent state. | |
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States claiming sovereignty[] | ||
Aceh – Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (to 1903) Capital: Kutaraja |
Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire until 1903. | |
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Chita – Chita Republic (from November 22, 1905 to January 22, 1906) Capital: Chita |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Cruzob – Chan Santa Cruz (to May 5, 1901) Capital: Noh Kah Balam Nah Chan Santa Cruz |
De facto independent state. Reannexed to Mexico from May 5, 1901. | |
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Dervish State – Dervish State Capital: Taleh |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Gurian Republic (from 1902 to 1906) Capital: Ozurgeti |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Jungle Nation – Jungle Republic (to February 27, 1900) Capital: Moyobamba |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Khiva – Khanate of Khiva Capital: Khiva |
Semi-independent state. Under Russian protection. | |
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Kruševo – Republic of Kruševo (from August 3 to August 13, 1903) Capital: Kruševo |
De facto independent state. | |
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Negros – Cantonal Republic of Negros (to August 20, 1901) Capital: Bacolod |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Shuliavka Republic (from December 12 to December 16, 1905) Capital: Shuliavka |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Shuntian Kingdom – Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun (from January 28 to January 31, 1903) Capital: Guangzhou |
Unrecognized state from January 28 to January 31, 1903.[6] | |
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Strandzha Commune (from August 18 to September 8, 1903) Capital: Malko Tarnovo |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Tagalog Republic (de facto independent state, from May 6, 1902 to July 14, 1906) Capital: Morong |
Unrecognized state. | |
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Notes[]
- ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre (from April 30, 1904). 1 Federal District: Federal District.
- ^ Union Badge removed November 1st 1905.
References[]
- ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ^ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-01-06, retrieved 2022-02-05
- ^ "Australia", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-20, retrieved 2021-10-26
- ^ "Bulgaria at the end of the 19th-century". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Panama", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-19, retrieved 2021-10-26
- ^ Rong, Yuan. "洪秀全后裔今何在 [Where are the descendants of Hong Xiuquan]". Zhoumo News. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
Categories:
- 1900-related lists
- 1900 in international relations
- Lists of sovereign states in the 19th century
- Lists of sovereign states in the 20th century
- 1900s politics-related lists