List of sovereign states in the 1930s

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This is a list of sovereign states in the 1930s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1930 and 31 December 1939. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states, and 1 state which was initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade.

Sovereign states[]

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A[]

→ Afghanistan – Kingdom of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 27, 1934.
Albania – Albanian Kingdom (to April, 12 1939)
Capital: Tirana 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from 12 April, 12 1939.
→ Andorra vlag 1939 2.svg Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires 		Widely recognized LON member state. Argentina was a federation of 15 provinces and 9federal territories.[a] It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica. It also claimed the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British overseas territories.
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
Capital: Canberra 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. Australia was a federation of six states and three territories.[b] It had sovereignty over the following external territories:
  • Australian Antarctic Territory (from 1933)
  • Norfolk Island
  •  Papua

Australia administered two League of Nations mandates:

  • Nauru (Administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom)
  • New Guinea
→ Austria (to March 12, 1938)
Capital: Vienna 		Widely recognized LON member state. Annexed by Nazi Germany on March 12, 1938.

B[]

 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels 		Widely recognized LON member state. Belgium had sovereignty over one colony and one concession:

Belgium administered one League of Nations mandate:

 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia

Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)

Widely recognized independent state.
Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro
  • Republic of the United States of Brazil (to November 10, 1937)
  • United States of Brazil (from November 10, 1937)[1]
 Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[c]
 Bulgaria – Kingdom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia 		Widely recognized LON member state.

C[]

 Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
 Carpatho-Ukraine (from March 15 to 18, 1939)
Capital: Khust 		Unrecognized state. Annexed by Hungary on March 18, 1939.
Chile
Capital: Santiago
  • Republic of Chile (to June 4, 1932)
  • Socialist Republic of Chile (from June 4 to September 13, 1932)
  • Republic of Chile (from September 13, 1932)
 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew on May 14, 1938.
 China – Republic of China
Capital: Nanking 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Republic (to 14 March 1939)
Capital: Prague 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 15 May 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.

D[]

 Danzig – Free City of Danzig (to 12 September 1939)
Capital: Danzig 		Widely recognized independent state. Annexed by Nazi Germany from 12 September 1939.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen 		Widely recognized LON member state. Denmark had sovereignty over one possession:
  •  Greenland
 Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo 		Widely recognized LON member state.

E[]

Flag of Ecuador (1900-2009).svg Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 28, 1934.
 Kingdom of Egypt – Kingdom of Egypt
Capital: Cairo 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from May 26, 1937.
 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in August 11, 1937.
 Estonia – Republic of Estonia
Capital: Tallinn 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire (to 9 May 1936)
Capital: Addis Ababa 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Italy from May 9, 1936 and annexed into Italian East Africa from June 1, 1936.

F[]

 Finland – Republic of Finland
Capital: Helsinki 		Widely recognized LON member state.
France – French Republic
Capital: Paris 		Widely recognized LON member state. France administered the foreign affairs of the following colonies and protectorates:
  • Adélie Land (Uninhabited possession)
  • Clipperton Island (Uninhabited possession, from January 28, 1931)
  • French Equatorial Africa (Colony)
  • French Guiana (Colony)
  • French India – French Establishments in India (Colony)
  • French Indochina (Federation of protectorates)
  • French Morocco (Protectorate)
  • French Oceania – French Establishments in Oceania (Colony)
  • French Somaliland (Colony)
  • French Tunisia (Protectorate)
  • French West Africa (Colony)
  • Guadeloupe (Colony)
  • Inini (Colony)
  • French Madagascar (Colony)
  • Martinique (Colony)

France administered the following League of Nations mandates:

G[]

→ → Germany – German Reich
Capital: Berlin
  • Weimar Republic (to March 23, 1933)
  • Nazi Germany (from March 23, 1933)
 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in October 19, 1933.
→ Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in May 26, 1936.

H[]

 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Hatay – Hatay State (from 7 September 1938 to 7 July 1939)
Capital: Antakya 		Widely recognized independent state. Annexed by Turkey from 7 July 1939.
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Capital: Tegucigalpa 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in July 10, 1936.
 Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
Capital: Budapest 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in April 11, 1939.

I[]

 Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland
Capital: Reykjavik 		Widely recognized independent state.
Persia / Iran
Capital: Tehran
  • Imperial State of Persia (to 21 March 1935)
  • Imperial State of Iran (from 21 March 1935)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
Iraq – Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (from 3 October 1932)
Capital: Baghdad 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from October 3, 1932.
Ireland
Capital: Dublin
  • Irish Free State (to December 29, 1937)
  • Republic of Ireland (from December 29, 1937)
 Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm.
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in December 11, 1937. Italy had sovereignty over two colonies (four colonies until January 1934 and three colonies until June 1936) and one concession:

J[]

 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in March 27, 1933. Japan had sovereignty over the following dependencies and concessions:
  • Japanese Korea (Chōsen)[d] (Dependency)
  • Karafuto (Dependency)
  • Kwantung (Concession)
  • Taiwan (Dependency)
  • Tientsin (Concession)

Japan administered one League of Nations mandate:

  • South Seas Mandate

L[]

 Latvia – Republic of Latvia
Capital: Riga 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia 		Widely recognized LON member state.
→ Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City 		Widely recognized LON member state.

M[]

→  Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 12, 1931; declared a member in September 12, 1931. Mexico had sovereignty over one territory:
  • Isla de la Pasión (uninhabited territory, to January 28, 1931)
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco City 		Widely recognized independent state.

N[]

→ Nejd and Hejaz – (personal union to 23 September 1932), Saudi Arabia (from September 23, 1932)
Capital: Riyadh
  • – Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz
    • Nejd – Kingdom of Nejd and its Dependencies (to September 23, 1932)
    • Hejaz – Kingdom of Hejaz (to September 23, 1932)
  • Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (from September 23, 1932)
 Widely recognized independent state. Nejd and Hejaz had sovereignty over one protectorate:
  • Asir (to November 20, 1930)
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam 		Widely recognized LON member state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
 Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (de facto to February 16, 1934)
Capital: St. John's 		Widely recognized independent state; de facto Commonwealth realm to February 16, 1934.
New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had sovereignty over four dependent territories:
  • Cook Islands (Dependent territory)
  • Niue Island (Dependent territory)
  • Ross Dependency (Uninhabited dependent territory)
  • Union Islands (Dependent territory)

New Zealand administered one League of Nations mandate:

 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in June 27, 1936.
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo 		Widely recognized LON member state. Norway had sovereignty over three uninhabited possessions:
  • Bouvet Island
  • Peter I Island (from March 6, 1931)
  • Sverdrup Islands (to November 11, 1930)

P[]

 Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City 		Widely recognized LON member state.
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in February 23, 1935.
 Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in April 8, 1939.
Poland – Republic of Poland (to 6 October 1939)
Capital: Warsaw 		Widely recognized LON member state. Under occupation by Nazi Germany from 6 October 1939. A government in exile was regarded as the legitimate government by the Allies.
Portugal – Portuguese Republic
Capital: Lisbon 		Widely recognized LON member state. The following are colonies and possession of Portugal:

R[]

 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest 		Widely recognized LON member state.

S[]

 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino 		Widely recognized independent state.
Siam / Thailand
Capital: Bangkok
  • Kingdom of Siam (to 23 June 1939)
  • Kingdom of Thailand (from 23 June 1939)
 Widely recognized LON member state.
 South Africa – Union of South Africa
Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Pietermaritzburg (archival), Bloemfontein (judicial) 		Widely recognized LON member state; Commonwealth realm. South Africa administered one League of Nations mandate:
  • South West Africa
 Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Capital: Moscow 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from September 18, 1934; expelled in December 14, 1939. The Soviet Union was a federation of seven (later 11) republics.[e]
→ → Francoist Spain Spain
Capital: Madrid (1930–1936), Valencia (1936–1937), Barcelona (1937–1939)
  • Kingdom of Spain (to 14 April 1931)
  • Spanish Republic (from 14 April 1931 to 1 April 1939)
  • Spanish State (from 1 April 1939)
 Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in May 1939. Spain had sovereignty over the following colonies, possession and protectorate:
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm 		Widely recognized LON member state.
  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern 		Widely recognized LON member state.

T[]

Tibet
Capital: Lhasa 		De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China.
 Turkey – Republic of Turkey
Capital: Ankara 		Widely recognized independent state. LON member state from July 18, 1932.

U[]

 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Capital: London 		Widely recognized LON member state. The United Kingdom had sovereignty over 61 colonies:
  •  Bahama Islands (Crown colony)
  • Bahrain – State of Bahrain (Protectorate)
  • Baker Island (Uninhabited possession)
  •  Barbados (Crown colony)
  • Basutoland – Territory of Basutoland (Crown colony)
  • Bechuanaland – Bechuanaland Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • Bermuda (Crown colony)
  •   Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan (Independent state under Treaty of Punakha)
  •  British Guiana (Crown colony)
  •  British Honduras (Crown colony)
  • British Leeward Islands – Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands (Crown colony)
  • British Somaliland – British Somaliland Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • British Western Pacific Territories (Crown colony)
  • British Windward Islands – Federal Colony of the Windward Islands (Crown colony)
  • Brunei – State of Brunei (Protectorate)
  •  Ceylon (Crown colony)
  • Cyprus (Crown colony)
  • Enderby Land (Uninhabited possession, from January 13)
  • Falkland Islands (Crown colony)
  • Federated Malay States (Protectorate)
  • Gambia – Gambia Colony and Protectorate (Crown colony and protectorate)
  •  Gibraltar (Crown colony)
  •  Gold Coast (Crown colony)
  • Guernsey – Bailiwick of Guernsey (Crown dependency)
  • Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited possession)
  • Hong Kong (Crown colony)
  •  India – Indian Empire (Crown colony)
  • Isle of Man (Crown dependency)
  •  Jamaica (Crown colony)
  • Jarvis Island (Uninhabited possession)
  •  Jersey – Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown dependency)
  •  Johor – State of Johor Darul Ta'zim (Protectorate)
  •  Kedah – State of Kedah Darul Aman (Protectorate)
  •  Kelantan – State of Kelantan Darul Naim (Protectorate)
  •  Kenya – Kenya Colony and Protectorate (Crown colony and protectorate)
  • Flag of Kuwait 1921-1940.png Kuwait – Sheikhdom of Kuwait (Protectorate)
  • Maldive Islands – Sultanate of the Maldive Islands (Protectorate)
  •  Malta (Crown colony)
  •  Mauritius (Crown colony)
  • Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (State under the informal protection)
  •  Nigeria – Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria (Crown colony and protectorate)
  •  North Borneo (Protectorate)
  • Northern Rhodesia – Protectorate of Northern Rhodesia (Protectorate)
  •  Nyasaland – Nyasaland Protectorate (Protectorate)
  •  Perlis – State of Perlis Indera Kayangan (Protectorate)
  • Qatar – State of Qatar (Protectorate)
  • Saint Helena (Crown colony)
  • Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak (Protectorate)
  • Seychelles (Crown colony)
  • Sierra Leone – Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate (Crown colony and protectorate)
  •  Southern Rhodesia – Colony of Southern Rhodesia (Crown colony)
  •  Straits Settlements (Crown colony)
  • Swaziland – Swaziland Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • Terengganu – State of Terengganu Darul Iman (Protectorate)
  •  Trinidad and Tobago (Crown colony)
  • Tristan da Cunha (Crown colony)
  • Trucial States (Protectorate)
  •  Uganda (Crown colony)
  • Victoria Land (Uninhabited possession)
  • Weihaiwei (Concession, to October 1)
  • Zanzibar Zanzibar (Protectorate)

United Kingdom administered the following League of Nations mandates:

 United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C. 		Widely recognized independent state. The United States had sovereignty over 21 territories:
  • Alaska – Alaska Territory (Territory)
  • American Samoa – Territory of American Samoa (Territory)
  • Corn Islands (Territory)
  • Guam – Territory of Guam (Territory)
  • Hawaii – Territory of Hawaii (Territory)
  • Howland Island (Uninhabited territory)
  • Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited territory)
  • Kingman Reef (Uninhabited territory)
  • Midway Atoll (Uninhabited territory)
  • Navassa Island (Uninhabited territory)
  •  Panama Canal Zone (Territory)
  • Petrel Islands (Uninhabited territory)
  • Philippine Islands (Territory)
  • Puerto Rico (Territory)
  • Quita Sueno Bank (Uninhabited territory)
  • Roncador Bank (Uninhabited territory)
  • Serrana Bank (Uninhabited territory)
  • Serranilla Bank (Uninhabited territory)
  • Swan Islands (Uninhabited territory)
  •  United States Virgin Islands (Territory)
  • Wake Island (Uninhabited territory)
 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo 		Widely recognized LON member state.

V[]

  Vatican City – Vatican City State
Capital: Vatican City 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas 		Widely recognized LON member state; withdrew in July 12, 1938.

Y[]

Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Capital: Sana'a 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Yugoslavia – Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely recognized independent state.

Other entities[]

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

Ararat – Republic of Ararat (to September 17, 1930)
Capital: Kurdava 		Unrecognized state.
Catalonia Catalonia (from 14 to 17 April 1931 and from 6 to 7 October 1934)
Capital: Barcelona 		Self-declared state in 1931; became an autonomous government within the Spanish Republic, named Generalitat of Catalonia, from April 17, 1931. Self-declared revolutionary state in 1934 during the Events of 6 October.
China, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of China (from December 14, 1937)
Capital: Beiping 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
China, Reformed Government of – Reformed Government of the Republic of China (from March 28, 1938)
Capital: Nanjing 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
Democratic Finland – Finnish Democratic Republic (from December 1, 1939)
Capital: Helsinki (official), Terijoki (de facto) 		Partially recognized socialist republic. Puppet state of the Soviet Union.
East Hebei – East Hebei Autonomous Council (from November 25, 1935 to February 1, 1938)
Capital: Tungchow 		Unrecognized state. Puppet state of Japan.
East Turkestan – Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (from November 12, 1933 to February 6, 1934)
Capital: Kashgar 		De facto unrecognized independent state. De jure regional province of China.
Jiangxi – Chinese Soviet Republic (from November 7, 1931 to September 22, 1937)
Capital: Ruijin (1931–1936), Bao'an (1936–1937), Yan'an (1937) 		Unrecognized state.
Korea, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Capital-in-exile: Shanghai (to 1932), Hangzhou (1932–1935), Jiaxing (1935), Nanking (1935–1937), Changsha (1937–1938), Canton (1938–1939), Qijiang (from 1939) 		Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile.
 Manchukuo (from February 18, 1932)
Capital: Hsinking
  • State of Manchuria (from February 18, 1932 to March 1, 1934)
  • Empire of Great Manchuria (from March 1, 1934)
 Puppet state of Japan.
 Mengjiang – Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (from September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan 		Puppet state of Japan.
Mongolia – Mongolian People's Republic
Capital: Ulaanbataar 		Satellite state of the Soviet Union.
Mongol Union (from May 12, 1936 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Hohhot
  • Mongol Military Government (from May 12, 1936 to October 27, 1937)
  • Mongol United Autonomous Government (from October 27, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
 Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
North Shanxi – North Shanxi Autonomous Government (from October 15, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Datong 		Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
Shanghai – Great Way Municipal Government of Shanghai (from December 5, 1937 to May 3, 1938)
Capital: Pudong 		Puppet government of Japan.
Slovakia – Slovak Republic (from March 14, 1939)
Capital: Bratislava 		Client state of Nazi Germany recognized by several neutral states.
South Chahar – South Chahar Autonomous Government (from September 4, 1937 to September 1, 1939)
Capital: Kalgan 		Puppet state of Japan. Became part of Mengjiang from September 1, 1939.
→ Tuva – Tuvan People's Republic
Capital: Khem-Beldyr (renamed Kyzyl in 1926) 		Partially recognized socialist republic. Satellite state of the Soviet Union.

See also[]

  • List of sovereign states by year
  • List of state leaders in 1930
  • List of state leaders in 1931
  • List of state leaders in 1932
  • List of state leaders in 1933
  • List of state leaders in 1934
  • List of state leaders in 1935
  • List of state leaders in 1936
  • List of state leaders in 1937
  • List of state leaders in 1938
  • List of state leaders in 1939

Notes[]

  1. ^ 15 Provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán. 9 Territories: Buenos Aires, Chaco, Chubut, Formosa, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego.
  2. ^ 6 States: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 Territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.
  3. ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre. 1 federal district: Federal District.
  4. ^ Claimed by Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (partially recognized government-in-exile).
  5. ^ Byelorussian SSR, Russian SFSR, Transcaucasian SFSR (to December 5, 1936), Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek SSR, Turkmen SSR, Tajik SSR, Armenian SSR (from December 5, 1936), Azerbaijan SSR (from December 5, 1936), Georgian SSR (from December 5, 1936), Kazakh SSR (from December 5, 1936), Kirghiz SSR (from December 5, 1936).

References[]

  1. ^ "Constituição dos Estados Unidos do Brasil". planalto.gov.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 October 2021.
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