List of sovereign states in the 1890s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1890s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1890 and 31 December 1899. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

Sovereign states by year
List of sovereign states in 1889 Events of 1890 List of sovereign states in 1891

Sovereign states[]

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A[]

 Abuja - Abuja Emirate
Capital: Abuja 		Widely recognized independent state.
Acre – Republic of Acre (from July 14, 1899)
Capital: Cidade do Acre 		De facto independent state.[1]
 Agadez - Tenere Sultanate of Aïr
Capital: Agadez 		Widely recognized independent state.[2]
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella 		Widely recognized independent state.[3]
 Angoche - Angoche Sultanate
Capital: Angoche 		Widely recognized independent state.
Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole (to June 30, 1896)
Capital: Mbarara 		Widely recognized independent state.[4]
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires 		Widely recognized independent state.[5]
Aro – Aro Confederacy
Capital: Arochukwu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Ashanti – Asante Union[6]
Capital: Kumasi 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire
Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) 		Widely recognized independent state.[7]

B[]

  Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi (to September 20, 1897)
Capital: Massenya (to 1893), Chekna (from 1893 to 1897) 		Widely recognized independent state.[8]
Bali - Kingdom of Bali
Capital: Klungkung 		Widely recognized independent state.
  Baol – Kingdom of Baol (to 1895)
Capital: Diourbel 		Widely recognized independent state until 1895.
 Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland (to 1899)
Capital: Mongu 		Unrecognized independent state.
 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels 		Widely recognized independent state.[9]
 Benin – Benin Empire (to February 18, 1897)
Capital: Edo 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
Capital: Punakha 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Biu - Biu Kingdom
Capital: Biu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) 		Widely recognized independent state.
Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora (to September 21, 1895)
Capital: Nunue, Vaitape 		Widely recognized independent state.
Bornu – Bornu Empire (to 1893)
Capital: Ngazargamu 		Widely recognized independent state.
Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro 		Widely recognized independent state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[a]
Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda (to 1894)
Capital: Mengo, Uganda 		Widely recognized independent state.
Bulgaria – Principality of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia 		De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (to 1899)
Capital: Hoima 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi (to July 1, 1890)
Capital: Gitega, Bujumbura 		Widely recognized independent state.
Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga
Capital: Bugembe 		Widely recognized independent state.

C[]

 Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Central America
Capital: Amapala
  • Greater Republic of Central America (from September 15, 1895 to November 1, 1898)
  • United States of Central America (from November 1 to November 21, 1898)
 Widely recognized independent state. Political union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua
Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak (from 1899)
Capital: Champasak 		Widely recognized independent state. Vassal of Siam.
Chile
Capital: Santiago 		Widely recognized independent state.
 China – Great Qing Empire
Capital: Beijing 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogota 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Congo – Congo Free State
Capital: Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo 		Widely recognized independent state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium.
 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San Jose 		Widely recognized independent state.
Crete – Cretan State (from December 9, 1898)
Capital: Chania 		Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba (to April 4, 1899)
Capital: Havana 		Widely recognized independent state.

D[]

Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey (to January 20, 1894)
Capital: Abomey 		Widely recognized independent state.
Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur (from 1898)
Capital: Al Fashir 		Widely recognized independent state from 1898.
 Dendi - Dendi Kingdom
Capital: Lulami 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen 		Widely recognized independent state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
  • Denmark Danish West Indies (Colony)
  • Denmark Greenland (Colony)
  •  Iceland (Dependency)
 Dhala – Emirate of Dhala
Capital: Dhale 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo 		Widely recognized independent state.

E[]

 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito 		Widely recognized independent state.
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador (to September 15, 1896 from November 21, 1898)
Capital: San Salvador 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa 		Widely recognized independent state.

F[]

France – French Republic
Capital: Paris 		Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
  • Comoros Protectorate)
  • French Algeria (de jure Department of Metropolitan France, de facto Colony)
  • French Guiana (Colony)
  • French India (Colony)
  • French Indochina (Colony)
  • French Madagascar (Colony from February 28, 1897)
  • French Oceania - French Establishments in Oceania (Colony)
  • French Somaliland (Colony)
  • French West Africa (Federation of colonies from October 27, 1895)
  • Guadeloupe (Colony)
  • Guangzhouwan (Leased territory of France from May 29, 1898)
  • Martinique (Colony)
  • Mayotte (Colony)
  • New Caledonia (Colony)
  • Tunisia - Tunisian Realm (Protectorate)
Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon (to November 18, 1896)
Capital: Timbo 		Widely recognized independent state.

G[]

 Gaza – Gaza Empire (to 1895)
Capital: Manjacaze 		Widely recognized independent state until 1895.
 Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi
Capital: Afgooye 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Germany – German Empire
Capital: Berlin 		Widely recognized independent state. Germany had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
 Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely recognized independent state.
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman
Capital: Sampa, Drobo 		Widely recognized independent state.

H[]
Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Capital: Ha'il 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince 		Widely recognized independent state.
Hawaii
Capital: Honolulu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras (to September 15, 1896 from November 21, 1898)
Capital: Tegucigalpa 		Widely recognized independent state.
Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine (to September 15, 1895)
Capital: Huahine 		Widely recognized independent state.

I[]
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome 		Widely recognized independent state. Italy had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

J[]
 Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero (to 1894)
Capital: 		Widely recognized independent state.
Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo City 		Widely recognized independent state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
  • Hokkaido (Colony)
  • Kuril Islands (Colony)
  • Minami-Tori-shima (Colony from 1898)
  • Nanpō Islands (Colony from 1891)
  • Ryukyu Islands (Colony)
  • Taiwan (Colony from April 17, 1895)

K[]
 Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa (to September 11, 1897)
Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha 		Widely recognized independent state.
Kano – Emirate of Kano
Capital: Takai 		Vassal state of the Sokoto Caliphate.
 Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom (to May 1, 1898)
Capital: Sikasso 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Kong – Kong Empire (to 1895)
Capital: Kong 		Widely recognized independent state.
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Capital: Mbanza-Kongo 		Widely recognized independent state. Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal.
→ Korea
Capital: Hanseong 		Tributary state of the Qing dynasty to 1894. Widely recognized independent state from October 12, 1897.
 Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya (to August 31, 1896)
Capital: Grand Cape Mount 		Widely recognized independent state.

L[]
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia 		Widely recognized independent state.
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (to 1891)
Capital: Saqqa 		Widely recognized independent state until 1891.
Lower Yafa – Sultanate of Lower Yafa (to 1895)
Capital: Jaʿār 		Widely recognized independent state until 1895.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City 		Widely recognized independent state.

M[]
Maguindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao (to October 30, 1898)
Capital: Kuta Watu 		Widely recognized independent state.
Mahdist Sudan – Mahdist State (to September 2, 1898)
Capital: Omdurman 		Unrecognized state.
 Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur (to 1891)
Capital: Imphal 		Widely recognized independent state until 1891.
 Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi (to 1891)
Capital: Manthimba 		Widely recognized independent state until 1891.
 Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
Capital: Bulawayo 		Widely recognized independent state.
Merina – Kingdom of Imerina (to 1897)
Capital: Antananarivo 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
Capital: Cetinje 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Capital: Fes 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire (to 1896)
Capital: Multiple capitals 		Widely recognized independent state. The following are a number of different kingdoms that make up the Mossi Empire:
  •   Gurunsi (to 1899)
    Capital:
  •   Gwiriko (to 1897)
    Capital: Bobo-Dioulasso
  •   Liptako (to 1897)
    Capital: Dori
  •   Nungu (to 1895)
    Capital: Not specified
  •   Wogodogo (to 1897)
    Capital: Wogodogo
  •   Yatenga (to 1895)
    Capital: Not specified

N[]
Negeri Sembilan (to 1895)
Capital: Seremban 		Widely recognized independent state to 1895. Federated in to the Federated Malay States from 1895.
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam 		Widely recognized independent state.
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua (to September 15, 1896; from November 21, 1898)
Capital: Managua 		Widely recognized independent state to September 15, 1896, and from November 21, 1898)
Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Christiania 		Widely recognized independent state. In personal union between Sweden until December 15, 1899. Union badge removed on December 15, 1899

O[]
 Orange Free State
Capital: Bloemfontein 		Widely recognized independent state. Independent Boer sovereign republic under the British suzerainty in South Africa.
 Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Capital: Constantinople 		Widely recognized independent state.

P[]
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asunción 		Widely recognized independent state.
→ Persia – Sublime State of Persia
Capital: Tehran 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima 		Widely recognized independent state.
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Capital: Lisbon 		Widely recognized independent state.

R[]
 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Russia – Russian Empire
Capital: Saint Petersburg 		Widely recognized independent state.

S[]
Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
Capital: Apia 		Widely recognized independent state.
 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely recognized independent state.
Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
Capital: Kota Mambang Segara 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Capital: Bangkok 		Widely recognized independent state. The following are vassal states of Siam:
Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
Capital: Sokoto 		Widely recognized independent state.
Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid 		Widely recognized independent state.
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Capital: Maimbung 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm 		Widely recognized independent state. In personal union between Norway until December 15, 1899.
  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern 		Widely recognized independent state.

T[]
 Tonga - Kingdom of Tonga
Capital: Nuku'alofa 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Toro – Toro Kingdom (from August 14, 1891)
Capital: Kabarole 		Widely recognized independent state from August 14, 1891.
 Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire (to 1890)
Capital: Segou 		Widely recognized independent state until 1890.
 Transvaal – South African Republic
Capital: Pretoria 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Tui Manuʻa – Tui Manuʻa Empire
Capital: 		Widely recognized independent state.

U[]

V[]

  •  Venezuela – United States of Venezuela

W[]

  •  Wadai – Wadai Empire
  •  Wahidi Haban – Wahidi Sultanate of Haban
  • Wassoulou – Wassoulou Empire (to September 29, 1898)
  •  Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta (to November 1894)

Y[]

  •  Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (to 1891)

Z[]

  •   Zabarma – Zabarma Emirate (to 1897)
  •   Zamboanga – Republic of Zamboanga (from May 18 to November 16, 1898)

States claiming sovereignty[]

  • Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
  • Biak-na-Bato – Philippine Republic (from November 1 to December 15, 1897)
  • Counani – Republic of Independent Guiana (to 1891)
  • Formosa – Republic of Formosa (from May 24 to October 23, 1895)
  • Franceville – Independent Commune of Franceville (to 1890)
  • Lado – Lado District
  • Negros – Republic of Negros (from November 27, 1898)
  • Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (from 1894)
  • Tagalog Republic – Sovereign Tagalog Nation (from August 29, 1896, to March 22, 1897)
  • Trinidad – Principality of Trinidad (from 1893 to 1895)

Notes[]

  1. ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre (from April 30, 1904). 1 Federal District: Federal District.

References[]

  1. ^ "Acre and its Robber; Cause of the Establishment of the New Republic. The Conflicting Interests of Brazil and Bolivia -- Millions Involved -- Population Not Over 10,000". The New York Times. 1900-11-25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  2. ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
  3. ^ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, November 3, 2021, retrieved 2021-11-17
  4. ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Argentina", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-11-16, retrieved 2021-11-19
  6. ^ "Asante empire". www.britannica.com. Retrieved December 1, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
  8. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bagirmi" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
  9. ^ "Belgium", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-01-21, retrieved 2022-02-06
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