List of state leaders in 2008

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2008.

Africa[]

  •  Algeria
    • President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Abdelaziz Belkhadem, Prime Minister of Algeria (2006–2008)
      2. Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2008–2012)
  •  Angola
  •  Benin
    • President – Thomas Boni Yayi, President of Benin (2006–2016)
  •  Botswana
    • President –
      1. Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
      2. Ian Khama, President of Botswana (2008–2018)
  •  Burkina Faso
    • President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
    • Prime Minister – Tertius Zongo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2007–2011)
  •  Burundi
    • President – Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi (2005–2020)
  •  Cameroon
  •  Cape Verde
    • President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
    • Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)
  •  Central African Republic
    • President – François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Élie Doté, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2005–2008)
      2. Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2008–2013)
  •  Chad
    • President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–2021)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime Minister of Chad (2007–2008)
      2. Youssouf Saleh Abbas, Prime Minister of Chad (2008–2010)
  •  Comoros
    • President – Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President of the Comoros (2006–2011)
  •  Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
    • President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
    • Prime Minister – Isidore Mvouba, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (2005–2009)
  •  Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
    • President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Antoine Gizenga, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2006–2008)
      2. Adolphe Muzito, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2008–2012)
  •  Djibouti
    • President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
  •  Egypt
    • President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Ahmed Nazif, Prime Minister of Egypt (2004–2011)
  •  Equatorial Guinea
    • President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2006–2008)
      2. Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2008–2012)
  •  Eritrea
    • President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [a]
  •  Ethiopia
    • President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
  •  Gabon
  •  The Gambia
  •  Ghana
    • President – John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
  •  Guinea
  •  Guinea-Bissau
    • President – João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (2005–2009)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Martinho Ndafa Kabi, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2007–2008)
      2. Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2008–2009)
  •  Ivory Coast
    • President – Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Guillaume Soro, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012)
  •  Kenya
    • President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Raila Odinga, Prime Minister of Kenya (2008–2013)
  •  Lesotho
    • Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
    • Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
  •  Liberia
    • President – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia (2006–2018)
  •  Libya
  •  Madagascar
    • President – Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar (2002–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Charles Rabemananjara, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2007–2009)
  •  Malawi
  •  Mali
  •  Mauritania
    • Head of State –
      1. Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, President of Mauritania (2007–2008)
      2. Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, President of the High Council of State of Mauritania (2008–2009)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Zeine Ould Zeidane, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2007–2008)
      2. Yahya Ould Ahmed El Waghef, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2008)
      3. Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2008–2014)
  •  Mauritius
    • President – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2005–2014)
  •   Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France)
    • Prefect –
      1. , Prefect of Mayotte (2007–2008)
      2. Denis Robin, Prefect of Mayotte (2008–2009)
    • Head of Government –
      1. Saïd Omar Oili, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2004–2008)
      2. Ahmed Attoumani Douchina, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2008–2011)
  •  Morocco
    • Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister of Morocco (2007–2011)
    •  Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)
      • President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
      • Prime Minister – Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)
  •  Mozambique
    • President – Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique (2005–2015)
    • Prime Minister – Luísa Diogo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)
  •  Namibia
  •  Niger
    • President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Seyni Oumarou, Prime Minister of Niger (2007–2009)
  •  Nigeria
  •  Rwanda
    • President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
  •  Saint Helena and Dependencies (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – Andrew Gurr, Governor of Saint Helena (2007–2011)
  •  São Tomé and Príncipe
  •  Senegal
    • President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré, Prime Minister of Senegal (2007–2009)
  •  Seychelles
    • President – James Michel, President of Seychelles (2004–2016)
  •  Sierra Leone
  •  Somalia
    • President –
      1. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Somalia (2004–2008)
      2. Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe, Acting President of Somalia (2008–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Nur Hassan Hussein, Prime Minister of Somalia (2007–2009)
    •  Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state)
      • President – Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
    •  Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)
      • President – Mohamud Muse Hersi, President of Puntland (2005–2009)
    •  Maakhir (unrecognised, autonomous state)
      • President –
  •  South Africa
  •  Sudan
    • President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
  •  Swaziland
    • Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Themba Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003–2008)
      2. Bheki Dlamini, Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland (2008)
      3. Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2008–2018)
  •  Tanzania
  •  Togo
    • President – Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Komlan Mally, Prime Minister of Togo (2007–2008)
      2. Gilbert Houngbo, Prime Minister of Togo (2008–2012)
  •  Tunisia
    • President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
  •  Uganda
  •  Zambia
    • President –
      1. Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (2002–2008)
      2. Rupiah Banda, President of Zambia (2008–2011)
  •  Zimbabwe
    • President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)

Asia[]

  •  Afghanistan
    • President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–2014)
  •  Bahrain
    • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) [b]
  •  Bangladesh
    • President – Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Fakhruddin Ahmed, Chief Adviser of Bangladesh (2007–2009)
  •  Bhutan
    • Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (2006–present)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Kinzang Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2007–2008)
      2. Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013)
  •  Brunei
    • Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [c]
    • Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
  •  Cambodia
    • Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)
    • Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) [d]
  •  China (People's Republic of China)
  •  East Timor
  •  India
    • President – Pratibha Patil, President of India (2007–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014)
  •  Indonesia
    • President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of Indonesia (2004–2014)
  •  Iran
    • Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
    • President – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran (2005–2013)
  •  Iraq
    • Head of State – Presidency Council of Iraq
      • Members – Jalal Talabani (2006–2010; President of Iraq, 2006–2010), and Adil Abdul-Mahdi and Tariq al-Hashimi (2006–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq (2006–2014)
  •  Israel
    • President – Shimon Peres, President of Israel (2007–2014)
    • Prime Minister – Ehud Olmert, Prime Minister of Israel (2006–2009)
    •  Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
      • President – Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2005–present)
      • Prime Minister – Salam Fayyad, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2007–2013)
      •   Gaza Strip (rebelling against the Palestinian National Authority, in the West Bank)
        • Prime Minister – Ismail Haniyeh, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2007–2014)
  •  Japan
    • Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Yasuo Fukuda, Prime Minister of Japan (2007–2008)
      2. Tarō Asō, Prime Minister of Japan (2008–2009)
  •  Jordan
    • Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
    • Prime Minister – Nader al-Dahabi, Prime Minister of Jordan (2007–2009)
  •  Kazakhstan
    • President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [e]
    • Prime Minister – Karim Massimov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2007–2012)
  •  North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  •  South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  •  Kuwait
    • Monarch – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2006–2020)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Nasser Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2006–2011)
  •  Kyrgyzstan
    • President – Kurmanbek Bakiyev, President of Kyrgyzstan (2005–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Igor Chudinov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2007–2009)
  •  Laos
  •  Lebanon
    • President –
      1. Fouad Siniora, Acting President of Lebanon (2007–2008)
      2. Michel Suleiman, President of Lebanon (2008–2014)
    • Prime Minister – Fouad Siniora, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2005–2009)
  •  Malaysia
    • Monarch – Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2006–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2003–2009)
  •  Maldives
  •  Mongolia
    • President – Nambaryn Enkhbayar, President of Mongolia (2005–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Sanjaagiin Bayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2007–2009)
  •  Myanmar
    • Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Thein Sein, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2007–2011)
  •    Nepal
    • the Kingdom was superseded on 28 May
    • Monarch – Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
    • Head of State –
      1. Girija Prasad Koirala, Acting Head of State of Nepal (2007–2008)
      2. Ram Baran Yadav, President of Nepal (2008–2015)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (2006–2008)
      2. Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime Minister of Nepal (2008–2009)
  •  Oman
    • Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)
    • Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)
  •  Pakistan
    • President –
      1. Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
      2. Muhammad Mian Soomro, Acting President of Pakistan (2008)
      3. Asif Ali Zardari, President of Pakistan (2008–2013)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Muhammad Mian Soomro, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2007–2008)
      2. Yousaf Raza Gillani, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012)
  •  Philippines
    • President – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
  •  Qatar
    • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2007–2013)
  •  Saudi Arabia
    • Monarch – Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)
    • Prime Minister – Abdullah, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)
  •  Singapore
    • President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–present)
  •  Sri Lanka
    • President – Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–2015)
    • Prime Minister – Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2005–2010)
  •  Syria
    • President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)
  •  Taiwan (Republic of China)
  •  Tajikistan
    • President – Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
    • Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
  •  Thailand
    • Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Surayud Chulanont, Prime Minister of Thailand (2006–2008)
      2. Samak Sundaravej, Prime Minister of Thailand (2008)
      3. Somchai Wongsawat, Prime Minister of Thailand (2008)
      4. Chaovarat Chanweerakul, Acting Prime Minister of Thailand (2008)
      5. Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime Minister of Thailand (2008–2011)
  •  Turkey
  •  Turkmenistan
  •  United Arab Emirates
    • President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–present)
    • Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (2006–present)
  •  Uzbekistan
    • President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) [g]
    • Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–2016)
  •  Vietnam
  •  Yemen

Europe[]

  •  Albania
    • President – Bamir Topi, President of Albania (2007–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Sali Berisha, Prime Minister of Albania (2005–2013)
  •  Andorra
    • Monarchs –
      • French Co-Prince – Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-prince of Andorra (2007–2012)
        • Co-Prince's Representative –
          1. Emmanuelle Mignon (2007–2008)
          2. Christian Frémont (2008–2012)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
    • Prime Minister – Albert Pintat, Head of Government of Andorra (2005–2009)
  •  Armenia
    • President –
      1. Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
      2. Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia (2008–2018)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Serzh Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2007–2008)
      2. Tigran Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2008–2014)
  •  Austria
    • President – Heinz Fischer, Federal President of Austria (2004–2016)
    • Chancellor –
      1. Alfred Gusenbauer, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2007–2008)
      2. Werner Faymann, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2008–2016)
  •  Azerbaijan
    • President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
    • Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)
    •  Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
      • President – Bako Sahakyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2020)
      • Prime Minister – Arayik Harutyunyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2017)
  •  Belarus
    • President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
    • Prime Minister – Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
  •  Belgium
    • Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
      2. Yves Leterme, Prime Minister of Belgium (2008)
      3. Herman Van Rompuy, Prime Minister of Belgium (2008–2009)
  •  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  •  Bulgaria
    • President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Sergei Stanishev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2005–2009)
  •  Croatia
  •  Cyprus
  •  Czech Republic
  •  Denmark
    • Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
  •  Estonia
  •  Finland
    • President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)
  •  France
    • President – Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France (2007–2012)
    • Prime Minister – François Fillon, Prime Minister of France (2007–2012)
  •  Georgia
  •  Germany
  •  Greece
    • President – Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (2005–2015)
    • Prime Minister – Kostas Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (2004–2009)
  •  Hungary
  •  Iceland
    • President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
    • Prime Minister – Geir Haarde, Prime Minister of Iceland (2006–2009)
  •  Ireland
    • President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
      2. Brian Cowen, Taoiseach of Ireland (2008–2011)
  •  Italy
    • President – Giorgio Napolitano, President of Italy (2006–2015)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Romano Prodi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2006–2008)
      2. Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2008–2011)
  •  Latvia
  •  Liechtenstein
    • Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
    • Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
  •  Lithuania
    • President – Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (2004–2009)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Gediminas Kirkilas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2006–2008)
      2. Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2008–2012)
  •  Luxembourg
    • Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
  •  Macedonia
    • President – Branko Crvenkovski, President of Macedonia (2004–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Nikola Gruevski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2006–2016)
  •  Malta
  •  Moldova
  •  Monaco
    • Monarch – Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)
    • Prime Minister – Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of State of Monaco (2005–2010)
  •  Montenegro
  •  Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
    •  Netherlands (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
      • Prime Minister – Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
    •  Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
    •  Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
  •  Norway
    • Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
    • Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–2013)
  •  Poland
    • President – Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (2005–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Donald Tusk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2007–2014)
  •  Portugal
  •  Romania
  •  Russia
    • President –
      1. Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
      2. Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia (2008–2012)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Viktor Zubkov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2007–2008)
      2. Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2008–2012)
  •  San Marino
  •  Serbia
  •  Slovakia
    • President – Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014)
    • Prime Minister – Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2006–2010)
  •  Slovenia
  •  Spain
    • Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
    • Prime Minister – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)
  •  Sweden
    • Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister – Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden (2006–2014)
  •   Switzerland
    • Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [l]
      • Members – Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009; President of Switzerland, 2008), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010), Doris Leuthard (2006–present), and Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008–2015)
  •  Ukraine
    • President – Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine (2005–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010)
  •  United Kingdom
  •   Vatican City
    • Monarch – Pope Benedict XVI, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–2013)
    • Head of Government – Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2006–2011)
    • Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
      • Secretary of State – Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Cardinal Secretary of State (2006–2013)

North America[]

Oceania[]

  •  American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)
    • Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)
  •  Australia
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
    • Governor-General –
      1. Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008)
      2. Quentin Bryce, Governor-General of Australia (2008–2014)
    • Prime Minister – Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia (2007–2010)
    •  Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator –
        1. Neil Lucas, Administrator of Christmas Island (2006–2008)
        2. Julian Yates, Acting administrator of Christmas Island (2008)
        3. , Acting administrator of Christmas Island (2008–2009)
      • Shire-President – Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)
    •  Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
      • Administrator –
        1. Neil Lucas, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2006–2008)
        2. Julian Yates, Acting Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2008)
        3. , Acting Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2008–2009)
      • Shire-President – , Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2007–2009)
    •  Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
      • Administrator – Owen Walsh, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2007–2012)
      • Chief Minister – Andre Nobbs, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2007–2010)
  •  Fiji
    • President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2007–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–present)
  •   French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France)
    • High Commissioner –
      1. Anne Bouquet, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2005–2008)
      2. , Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2008)
      3. Adolphe Colrat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2008–2011)
    • President –
      1. Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia (2007–2008)
      2. Gaston Flosse, President of French Polynesia (2008)
      3. Gaston Tong Sang, President of French Polynesia (2008–2009)
  •  Guam (insular area of the United States)
    • Governor – Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)
  •  Kiribati
    • President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)
  •  Marshall Islands
    • President –
      1. Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
      2. Litokwa Tomeing, President of the Marshall Islands (2008–2009)
  •  Micronesia
    • President – Manny Mori, President of Micronesia (2007–2015)
  •  Nauru
  •  New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France)
  •  New Zealand
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Anand Satyanand, Governor-General of New Zealand (2006–2011)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
      2. John Key, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2008–2016)
    •  Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
    •  Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
    • Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
      • Administrator – David Payton, Administrator of Tokelau (2006–2009)
      • Head of Government –
        1. Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2007–2008)
        2. Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (2008–2009)
  •  Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
    • Governor – Benigno Fitial, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2006–2013)
  •  Palau
  •  Papua New Guinea
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Paulias Matane, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004–2010)
    • Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)
  •  Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
    • Governor – George Fergusson, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2006–2010)
    • Mayor – Mike Warren, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013)
  •  Samoa
  •  Solomon Islands
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
    • Governor-General – Sir Nathaniel Waena, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (2004–2009)
    • Prime Minister – Derek Sikua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2007–2010)
  •  Tonga
    • Monarch – George Tupou V, King of Tonga (2006–2012)
    • Prime Minister – Feleti Sevele, Prime Minister of Tonga (2006–2010)
  •  Tuvalu
  •  Vanuatu
    • President – Kalkot Mataskelekele, President of Vanuatu (2004–2009)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Ham Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2004–2008)
      2. Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2008–2010)
  •   Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France)
    • Administrator –
      1. Richard Didier, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2006–2008)
      2. Philippe Paolantoni, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2008–2010)
    • Head of Government – , President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2007–2010)

South America[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
  2. ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
  3. ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
  4. ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
  5. ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
  6. ^ The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
  7. ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
  8. ^ Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
  9. ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
  10. ^ Montenegro only became independent in 2006.
  11. ^ Serbia only became independent in 2006.
  12. ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links[]

  • Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
  • WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories
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