List of state leaders in the 10th century

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lists of state leaders by century:
  • List of state leaders in the 8th century
  • List of state leaders in the 9th century
  • List of state leaders in the 11th century
  • List of state leaders in the 12th century
See also:
Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
  • 9th century
  • 10th century
  • 11th century
Timelines:
  • 9th century
  • 10th century
  • 11th century
State leaders:
Decades:
  • 900s
  • 910s
  • 920s
  • 930s
  • 940s
Categories: BirthsDeaths
EstablishmentsDisestablishments

This is a list of state leaders in the 10th century (901–1000) AD, except for the many leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.

Africa[]

Africa: East[]

Ethiopia

  • Zagwe dynasty of Ethiopia (complete list) –

Africa: Northeast[]

Egypt

  • Tulunids (complete list) –
  • Harun, Amir (896–904)
  • Shayban, Amir (904–905)
  • Fatimid Caliphate (complete list) –
  • Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, Caliph (953–975, transfer from Ifriqiya in 973)
  • al-Aziz Billah, Caliph (975–996)
  • al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Caliph (996–1021)

Sudan

  • Georgios I, King (late 9th–early 10th century)
  • , King (920–930)
  • Kabil, King (c.943)
  • Georgios II, King (969–c.1002)
  • Raphael, King (1000–c.1006)

Africa: Northcentral[]

Ifriqiya

  • Rustamid dynasty (complete list) –
  • Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (894–895, 899–906)
  • Yaqzan ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (906–909)
  • Aghlabid dynasty[1] (complete list) –
  • Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II ibn Ahmad, Emir (875–902)
  • Abu 'l-Abbas Abdallah II ibn Ibrahim, Emir (902–903)
  • Abu Mudhar Ziyadat Allah III ibn Abdallah, Emir (903–909)
  • Fatimid Caliphate[2] (complete list) –
  • Zirid dynasty[3] (complete list) –
  • Buluggin ibn Ziri, ruler (973–983)
  • al-Mansur ibn Buluggin, ruler (983–995)
  • Badis ibn Mansur, ruler (995–1016)

Africa: Northwest[]

  • Barghawata (complete list) –
  • Abu Ghafir Muhammad, King (c.888–917)
  • Abu al-Ansar Abdullah, King (c.917–961)
  • Abu Mansur Isa, King (c.961-?)
  • Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –
  • Yahya ibn al-Qasim, Sultan (883–904)
  • Yahya ibn Idris, Sultan (904–917)
  • Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad, Sultan (925–927)
  • Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim, Sultan (937–948)
  • Ahmad ibn al-Qasim, Sultan (948–954)
  • Al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim, Sultan (954–974)
  • Kingdom of Nekor (complete list) –
  • , King (864–916)
  • , King (917–927)
  • , King (927–929)
  • ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn , King (c.930–935)
  • ibn Abd as-Sami` ibn Salih ibn , King (c.936–940)
  • ibn Idris ibn Salih I ibn Mansur, King (940–947)
  • ibn Ziyadat Allah ibn Sa'id I ibn Idris, King (947–970)

Africa: West[]

Nigeria

  • Kingdom of Kano (complete list) –
  • , King (999–1063)
  • Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –
  • Eri, King (948–1041)

Americas[]

Americas: Mesoamerica[]

Maya civilization

  • Calakmul (complete list) –
  • Aj Took', King (c.909)

Asia[]

Asia: Central[]

Afghanistan

  • Ghaznavid dynasty (complete list) –
  • Sabuktigin, Emir (977–997)
  • Ismail, Emir (997–998)
  • Mahmud, Emir (998–1002), Sultan (1002–1030)

Uzbekistan

  • Samanid Empire (complete list) –

Tibet

  • , King (fl.947)
  • Srong nge Ye shes 'Od, King (?–988 / 959–1036)
  • , King (988–996)
  • , King (996–1024)

Asia: East[]

China: Tang dynasty

  • Tang dynasty (complete list) –
  • Zhaozong, Emperor (888–904)
  • Ai, Emperor (904–907)

Khitan China: Liao dynasty

  • Liao dynasty (complete list) –
  • Abaoji, Emperor (907–926)
  • Taizong, Emperor (926–947)
  • Shizong, Emperor (947–951)
  • Muzong, Emperor (951–969)
  • Jingzong, Emperor (969–982)
  • Shengzong, Emperor (982–1031)

Northern China: The Five Dynasties

  • Later Liang (complete list) –
  • Zhu Wen, Emperor (907–912)
  • Zhu Yougui, Emperor (912–913)
  • Zhu Youzhen, Emperor (913–923)
  • Later Tang (complete list) –
  • Li Cunxu, Prince of Jin (908–923), Emperor of Later Tang (923–926)
  • Li Siyuan, Emperor (926–933)
  • Li Conghou, Emperor (933–934)
  • Li Congke, Emperor (934–937)
  • Later Jin (complete list) –
  • Shi Jingtang, Emperor (936–942)
  • Shi Chonggui, Emperor (942–947)
  • Later Han (complete list) –
  • Liu Zhiyuan, Emperor (947–948)
  • Liu Chengyou, Emperor (948–951)
  • Later Zhou (complete list) –
  • Guo Wei, Emperor (951–954)
  • Chai Rong, Emperor (954–959)
  • Guo Zongxun, Emperor (959–960)

Southern China: The Ten Kingdoms

  • Wu (complete list) –
  • Yang Xingmi, Emperor (904–905)
  • Yang Wo, Emperor (905–908)
  • Yang Longyan, Emperor (908–921)
  • Yang Pu, Emperor (921–937)
  • Former Shu (complete list) –
  • Wang Jian, Emperor (907–918)
  • Wang Zongyan, Duke (918–925)
  • Chu (complete list) –
  • Ma Yin, Prince (907–930)
  • Ma Xisheng, Prince (930–932)
  • Ma Xifan, Prince (932–947)
  • Ma Xiguang, Prince (947–950)
  • Ma Xi'e, Prince (950)
  • Ma Xichong, Prince (950–951)
  • , Prince (951–953)
  • , Prince (953–956)
  • , Prince (956–962)
  • , Prince (962–963)
  • Wuyue (complete list) –
  • Qian Liu, King (907–932)
  • Qian Yuanguan, King (932–941)
  • Qian Hongzuo, King (941–947)
  • Qian Hongzong, King (947)
  • Qian Chu, King (947–978)
  • Min (complete list) –
  • Wang Chao, ruler (early 10th century)
  • Wang Shenzhi, Emperor (909–925)
  • Wang Yanhan, Emperor (925–926)
  • Wang Yanjun, Emperor (926–935)
  • Wang Jipeng, Emperor (935–939)
  • Wang Yanxi, Emperor (939–944)
  • Zhu Wenjin, Emperor (944–945)
  • Wang Yanzheng, Emperor (943–945)
  • Southern Han (complete list) –
  • Liu Yan, Emperor (917–941)
  • Liu Bin, Emperor (941–943)
  • Liu Sheng, Emperor (943–958)
  • Liu Chang, Emperor (958–971)
  • Jingnan (complete list) –
  • Gao Jixing, Prince (909–928)
  • Gao Conghui, Prince (928–948)
  • Gao Baorong, Prince (948–960)
  • Gao Baoxu, Prince (960–962)
  • Gao Jichong, Prince (962–963)
  • Later Shu (complete list) –
  • Meng Zhixiang, Emperor (934)
  • Meng Chang, Prince (934–965)
  • Southern Tang (complete list) –
  • Li Bian, Emperor (937–943)
  • Li Jing, Emperor (943–961)
  • Li Yu, Emperor (961–975)
  • Northern Han (complete list) –
  • Liu Chong, Emperor (951–954)
  • Liu Jun, Emperor (954–968)
  • , Emperor (968)
  • Liu Jiyuan, Emperor (968–979)

China: Northern Song

  • Song dynasty (complete list) –
  • Taizu, Emperor (960–976)
  • Taizong, Emperor (976–997)
  • Zhenzong, Emperor (997–1022)

China: Other states and entities

  • Dingnan Jiedushi (complete list) –
  • Li Sijian, Jiedushi (c.886–908)
  • Li Yichang, Jiedushi (908–909/910)
  • Li Renfu, Jiedushi (909/910–933)
  • Li Yichao, Jiedushi (933–935)
  • Li Yixing, Jiedushi (935–967)
  • , Jiedushi (967–978)
  • , Jiedushi (978–980)
  • , Jiedushi (980–982, 988–994)
  • Li Jiqian, Jiedushi (998–1004)
  • Li Maozhen, Prince (901/907–924)
  • Qingyuan Jiedushi (complete list) –
  • Liu Congxiao, Jiedushi (949–962)
  • Liu Shaozi, Jiedushi (962)
  • Zhang Hansi, Jiedushi (962–963)
  • Chen Hongjin, Jiedushi (963–978)
  • Yan
  • Liu Shouguang, Emperor (911–914)
  • Yiwu Circuit –
  • Wang Chuzhi, Jiedushi (910–921)
  • Zhao (Chengde)
  • Wang Rong, Prince (910–921)
  • Dali Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Duan Siping, Emperor (937–944)
  • Duan Siying, Emperor (944–945)
  • , Emperor (945–951)
  • , Emperor (952–968)
  • , Emperor (968–985)
  • , Emperor (985–1009)

Japan

  • Heian period Japan (complete list) –
  • Daigo, Emperor (897–930)
  • Suzaku, Emperor (930–946)
  • Murakami, Emperor (946–967)
  • Reizei, Emperor (967–969)
  • En'yū, Emperor (969–984)
  • Kazan, Emperor (984–986)
  • Ichijō, Emperor (986–1011)

Korea

  • Balhae (complete list) –
  • Dae Wihae, King (894–906)
  • Dae Inseon, King (906–926)
  • Later Baekje
  • Later Silla (complete list) –
  • Hyogong, King (897–912)
  • Sindeok, King (912–917)
  • Gyeongmyeong, King (917–924)
  • Gyeongae, King (924–927)
  • Gyeongsun, King (927–935)
  • Taebong
  • Gung-ye, King (901–918)
  • Goryeo (complete list) –
  • Taejo, King (918–943)
  • Hyejong, King (943–945)
  • Jeongjong, King (945–949)
  • Gwangjong, King (949–975)
  • Gyeongjong, King (975–981)
  • Seongjong, King (981–997)
  • Mokjong, King (997–1009)

Asia: Southeast[]

Cambodia

  • Khmer Empire (complete list) –

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java
  • Sunda Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Windusakti Prabu Dewageng, Maharaja (895–913)
  • Rakeyan Kemuning Gading Prabu Pucukwesi, Maharaja (913–916)
  • Rakeyan Jayagiri Prabu Wanayasa, Maharaja (916–942)
  • Prabu Resi Atmayadarma Hariwangsa, Maharaja (942–954)
  • Limbur Kancana, Maharaja (954–964)
  • Prabu Munding Ganawirya, Maharaja (964–973)
  • Prabu Jayagiri Rakeyan Wulung Gadung, Maharaja (973–989)
  • Prabu Brajawisesa, Maharaja (989–1012)
  • Medang Kingdom (complete list) –
Shailendra dynasty/Sanjaya dynasty
  • Balitung, King (899–911)
  • Daksa, King (910–919)
  • Tulodong, King (919–924)
  • Wawa, King (924–929)
Isyana dynasty
  • Mpu Sindok, King (c.929–947)
  • Isyana Tunggawijaya Queen (947–c.985)
  • Makutawangsa Wardhana, King (c.985–991)
  • Dharmawangsa, King (991–1016)
Indonesia: Sumatra
  • Srivijaya: Shailendra dynasty
  • , King (c.960)
  • Haji, King (c.980)
  • , King (c.988)
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
  • Sri Kesari Warmadewa, King (fl.914)
  • Ugrasena, King (fl.915–942)
  • Tabanendrawarmadewa, King (fl.955–967)
  • Indrajayasingha Warmadewa, Co-regent (fl.960)
  • Janasadhu Warmadewa, King (fl.975)
  • Śri Wijaya Mahadewi, Queen (fl.983)
  • Mahendradatta, Queen (before 989–1007)

Malaysia: Peninsular

  • Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Darma Raja II, Maharaja (c.880–956)
  • Durbar II, Raja (c.956–1136)[citation needed]

Myanmar / Burma

  • Sale Ngahkwe, King (early 10th century)
  • Theinhko, King (early 10th century)
  • Nyaung-u Sawrahan, King (late 10th century)

Philippines

  • Tondo (complete list) –
  • Jayadewa, Admiral (c.900)
  • Rajahnate of Butuan (complete list) –
  • Datu Bantuan, Rajah (?–989)
  • Kiling, Rajah (989–1009)

Thailand

  • Ngoenyang (complete list) –
  • Lao Thoeng, King (early 10th century)
  • Lao Tueng, King (mid 10th century)
  • Lao Khon, King (late 10th century)

Vietnam

  • Champa (complete list) –
  • Jaya Sinhavarman I, King (c.898/903)
  • Jaya Saktivarman, King (?)
  • Bhadravarman II, King (fl. 910)
  • Indravarman III, King (c.918–959)
  • Jaya Indravarman I, King (959–c.965)
  • Paramesvaravarman I, King (c.965–982)
  • Indravarman IV, King (982–986)
  • Lieou Ki-Tsong, of Annam, King (c.986–989)
  • Harivarman II, King (c.989–997)
  • Yang Bo Zhan, of Fan, King (?)
  • Yang Pu Ku Vijaya, King (c.998–1007)

Asia: South[]

Afghanistan

  • Ghaznavids (complete list) –
  • Sabuktigin, Emir (977–997)
  • Ismail, Emir (997–998)
  • Mahmud, Sultan (998–1030)
  • Ghurid dynasty (complete list) –
  • Amir Suri, Malik (9th–10th century)

Bengal and Northeast India

  • Chamunda or Bhuyada, King (c.881–908)
  • , King (25 years?)
  • , King (15 years?)
  • , King (c.908–937)
  • Kamarupa: Pala dynasty
  • Brahma Pala, King (900–920)
  • Ratna Pala, King (920–960)
  • Indra Pala, King (960–990)
  • Go Pala, King (990–1015)
  • Mallabhum (complete list) –
  • Yadav Malla, King (906–919)
  • Jagat Malla, King (994–1007)
  • Pala Empire (complete list) –
  • Narayanapala, King (9th–10th century)
  • Rajyapala, King (10th century)
  • Gopala II, King (10th century)
  • Vigrahapala II, King (10th century)
  • Mahipala I, King (977–1027)
  • Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (complete list) –
  • Brahma Pala, King (900–920)
  • Ratna Pala, King (920–960)
  • Indra Pala, King (960–990)
  • Go Pala, King (990–1015)

India

  • Amber Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Sorha Deva, King (966–1006)
  • Chahamanas of Naddula (complete list) –
  • Lakshmana, King (c.950–982)
  • Shobhita, King (c.982–986)
  • Baliraja, King (c.986–990)
  • Vigrahapala, King (c.990–994)
  • Mahindra, King (c.994–1015)
  • Chahamanas of Shakambhari (complete list) –
  • Vakpatiraja I, King (c.917–944)
  • Simharaja, King (c.944–971)
  • Vigraharaja II, King (c.971–998)
  • Durlabharaja II, King (c.998–1012)
  • Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (complete list) –
  • Rahila, King (c.885–905)
  • Shri Harsha, King (c.905–925)
  • Yasho-Varman, King (c.925–950)
  • Dhanga-Deva, King (c.950–999)
  • Ganda-Deva, King (c.999–1002)[5][6]
  • Chaulukya dynasty of Gujarat (complete list) –
  • Eastern Chalukyas (complete list) –
  • , King (892–921)
  • , King (921)
  • , King (921–927)
  • , King (927)
  • , King (927)
  • , King (927–928)
  • , King (928)
  • , King (928–935)
  • , King (935–947)
  • , King (947–970)
  • , King (970)
  • , King (970–973)
  • , King (973–999)
  • , King (1000–1011)
  • Western Chalukya Empire (complete list) –
  • Tailapa II, King (957–997)
  • Satyashraya, King (997–1008)
  • Chera/Perumals of Makotai (complete list) –
  • Goda Ravi, King (c.883–913)
  • Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari, King (c.913–c.943)
  • Indu Kotha, King (943–962)
  • Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya, King (962–1021)
  • Chola dynasty (complete list) –
  • Aditya I, King (870–907)
  • Parantaka I, King (907–950)
  • Gandaraditya, King (950–957)
  • Arinjaya, King (956–957)
  • Parantaka Chola II, King (957–970)
  • Uttama Chola, King (970–985)
  • Rajaraja I, King (c.985–1014)
  • Eastern Ganga dynasty (complete list) –
  • Gunamaharnava I, King (c.895–939)
  • Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I), King (c.895–939)
  • Gundama, King (939–942)
  • Kamarnava I, King (942–977)
  • Vinayaditya, King (977–980)
  • Vajrahasta Aniyakabhima, King (980–1015)[7]
  • Western Ganga dynasty (complete list) –
  • Rachamalla II, King (870–907)
  • Ereganga Neetimarga II, King (907–921)
  • Narasimha, King (921–933)
  • Rachamalla III, King (933–938)
  • Butuga II, King (938–961)
  • Marulaganga Neetimarga, King (961–963)
  • Marasimha II Satyavakya, King (963–975)
  • Rachamalla IV Satyavakya, King (975–986)
  • Rachamalla V, King (986–999)
  • Rakkasa Ganga, King (985–1024)
  • Garhwal Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Bhakti Pal, King (895–919)
  • Jayachand Pal, King (920–948)
  • Prithvi Pal, King (949–971)
  • Medinisen Pal, King (973–995)
  • Agasti Pal, King (995–1014)
  • Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (complete list) –
  • Mahendrapala I, King (885–910)
  • Bhoja II, King (910–913)
  • Mahipala I, King (913–944)
  • Mahendrapala II, King (944–948)
  • Devapala, King (948–954)
  • , King (954–955)
  • Mahipala II, King (955–956)
  • , King (956–960)
  • , King (960–1018)
  • Kalachuris of Tripuri (complete list) –
  • Shankaragana II, King (890–910)
  • Balaharsha, King (910–915)
  • Yuvaraja-deva I, King (915–945)
  • Lakshmanaraja II, King (945–970)
  • Shankaragana III, King (970–980)
  • Yuvarajadeva II, King (980–990)
  • Kokalla II, King (990–1015)[8]
  • Kumaon Kingdom: Katyuri (complete list) –
  • Nimbarta Dev, King (900–915)
  • Istanga, King (915–930)
  • Lalitasura Dev, King (930–955)
  • Bhu Dev, King (955–970)
  • Salonaditya, King (970–985)
  • Ichchhata Dev, King (985–1000)
  • Deshat Dev, King (1000–1015)
  • Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (complete list) –
  • Brahma Pala, King (900–920)
  • Ratna Pala, King (920–960)
  • Indra Pala, King (960–990)
  • Go Pala, King (990–1015)
  • Pandyan dynasty (complete list) –
  • Maravarman Rajasimha II, King (900–920)
  • Paramaras of Chandravati (complete list) –
  • Utpala-raja, King (c.910–930)
  • Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja, King (c.930–950)
  • Krishna-raja, King (c.950–979)
  • Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha, King (c.970–990)
  • Dhurbhata, King (c.990–1000)[9][10]
  • Paramara dynasty of Malwa (complete list) –
  • Vakpati I, King (9th–10th century)
  • II, King (10th century)
  • Siyaka II, King (948–972)
  • Vakpati II, King (972–990s)
  • Sindhuraja, King (990s–1010)
  • Rashtrakuta dynasty (complete list) –
  • Krishna II, King (878–914)
  • Indra III, King (914–929)
  • Amoghavarsha II, King (929–930)
  • Govinda IV, King (930–936)
  • Amoghavarsha III, King (936–939)
  • Krishna III, King (939–967)
  • Khottiga Amoghavarsha, King (967–972)
  • Karka II, King (972–973)
  • Indra IV, King (973–982)

Pakistan

  • Hindu Shahi (complete list) –
  • Jayapala, King (964–1001)

Sri Lanka

  • Anuradhapura Kingdom, Sri Lanka (complete list) –
  • Sena II, King (866–901)
  • Udaya I, King (901–912)
  • Kassapa IV, King (912–929)
  • Kassapa V, King (929–939)
  • Dappula IV, King (939–940)
  • Dappula V, King (940–952)
  • Udaya II, King (952–955)
  • Sena III, King (955–964)
  • Udaya III, King (964–972)
  • Sena IV, King (972–975)
  • Mahinda IV, King (975–991)
  • Sena V, King (991–1001)

Asia: West[]

Mesopotamia

  • Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad (complete list) –
  • al-Mu'tadid, Caliph (892–902)
  • al-Muktafi, Caliph (902–908)
  • al-Muqtadir, Caliph (908–929, 929–932)
  • al-Qahir, Caliph (929, 932–934)
  • al-Radi, Caliph (934–940)
  • al-Muttaqi, Caliph (940–944)
  • al-Mustakfi, Caliph (944–946)
  • al-Muti, Caliph (946–974)
  • at-Ta'i, Caliph (974–991)
  • al-Qadir, Caliph (991–1031)
  • Hamdanid dynasty (complete list) –
Emirate of Mosul
  • Nasir al-Dawla, Emir (929–967)
  • Abu Taghlib, Emir (967–978)
  • , Emir (989–997)
  • , Emir (989–997)
Emirate of Aleppo

Persia

  • Buyid Empire (complete list) –
Buyids in Fars
Buyids in Ray
Buyids in Iraq
  • Saffarid dynasty (complete list) –
  • Samanid Empire (complete list) –
  • Ziyarid dynasty (complete list) –
  • Mardavij, Emir (930–935)
  • Vushmgir, Emir (935–967)
  • Bisutun, Emir (967–977)
  • Qabus, Emir (977–981)
  • Buyid, Emir occupation (977–997)
  • Qabus, Emir (997–1012)

Yemen

  • Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) –

Europe[]

States of Europe in 998 AD.

Europe: Balkans[]

  • First Bulgarian Empire (complete list) –
  • Simeon I, Emperor (893–927)
  • Peter I, Emperor (927–969)
  • Boris II, Emperor (969–971)
  • Roman, Emperor (977–991)
  • Samuel, Khan (997–1014)
  • Byzantine Empire (complete list) –
  • Leo VI the Wise, Co-Emperor (870–886), Emperor (886–912)
  • Alexander, Emperor (912–913)
  • Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, Junior Co-Emperor (908–913, 920–945), Emperor (913–920, 945–959)
  • Romanos I Lekapenos, Emperor (920–944)
  • Christopher Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (921–931)
  • Stephen Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (924–945)
  • Constantine Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (924–945)
  • Romanos II, Emperor (959–963)
  • Nikephoros II Phokas, Emperor (963-969)
  • John I Tzimiskes, Emperor (969-976)
  • Basil II, Junior Co-Emperor (960–976), Emperor (976–1025)
  • Emirate of Crete (complete list) –
  • Muncimir, Duke (892–910)
  • Tomislav, Duke (910–925), King (c.925–928)
  • Trpimir II, King (928–935)
  • Krešimir I, King (935–945)
  • Miroslav, King (945–949)
  • Michael Krešimir II, King (949–969)
  • Stephen Držislav, King (969–997)
  • Svetoslav Suronja, King (997–1000)
  • Gojslav, co-King (1000–c.1020)
  • Principality of Serbia (complete list) –
  • Petar, Prince (892–917)
  • Pavle, Prince (917–921)
  • Zaharija, Prince (922–924)
  • Časlav, Prince (c.927–c.960)
  • Duklja (complete list) –
  • Petar, Archon (c.1000)
  • Jovan Vladimir, Prince (c.1000–1016)

Europe: British Isles[]

Great Britain: Scotland[]

  • Kingdom of Scotland/ Kingdom of Alba (complete list) –
  • Constantine II (III), King (900–943)
  • Malcolm I, King (943–954)
  • Indulf, King (954–962)
  • Dub, King (962–967)
  • Cuilén, King (967–971)
  • Kenneth II, King (971–995)
  • Amlaíb, rival King (973–977)
  • Constantine III (IV), King (995–997)
  • Kenneth III, King (997–1005)
  • Kingdom of Strathclyde (complete list) –
  • Kingdom of the Isles (complete list) –

Great Britain: Northumbria[]

  • Kingdom of Northumbria (complete list) –

Great Britain: England[]

  • The Britons (complete list) –
  • Kingdom of East Anglia (complete list) –
  • Kingdom of Wessex / Kingdom of England (complete list) –
  • Edward the Elder, King of Wessex (899–924)
  • Ælfweard, King of Wessex (924)
  • Æthelstan, King of the Anglo-Saxons (924–927), King of the English (927–939)
  • Edmund I, King (939–946)
  • Eadred, King (946–955)
  • Eadwig, King (955–959)
  • Edgar, King (959–975)
  • Edward the Martyr, King (975–978)
  • Æthelred the Unready, King (978–1013, 1014–1016)

Great Britain: Wales[]

  • Glywysing and Morgannwg (complete list) –
  • Arthfael Hen ap Rhys, King of Glywysing (785–c.825)
  • , King of Glywysing (c.830–c.840)
  • Hywel ap Rhys, King of Glywysing (c.840–886)
  • Owain ap Hywel, King of Glywysing (886–c.930)
  • Gruffydd ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.930–934)
  • Cadwgan ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.930–950)
  • Morgan Hen ab Owain, the Old, King of Morgannwg (c.942–974)
  • Owain ap Morgan, King of Glywysing (974–c.983)
  • Rhys ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.990–c.1000)
  • Ithel the Black, King of Glywysing (990)
  • Iestyn ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.990–c.1015)
  • Kingdom of Gwynedd (complete list) –
  • Gwent (complete list) –
  • Kingdom of Powys (complete list) –
  • Kingdom of Dyfed (complete list) –
  • Cadell ap Rhodri (878–909)
  • Deheubarth (complete list) –

Ireland[]

  • Domnall mac Áeda, King (887–915)
  • Niall Glúndub mac Áeda, King (896–919)
  • Flaithbertach mac Domnaill, King (916–919)
  • Fergal mac Domnaill, King (919–938)
  • Muirchertach mac Néill, King (938–943)
  • Domnall mac Muirchertaig ua Néill, King (943–980)
  • Flaithbertach mac Muirchertaig meic Néill, King (943–949)
  • Flaithbertach mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
  • Tadg mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
  • Conn mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
  • Murchad Glun re Lar mac Flaithbertaigh, King (962–972)
  • Fergal mac Domnaill meic Conaing, King (980–989)
  • Áed mac Domnaill Ua Néill, King (989–1004)
  • Maol Craoibh ua Duibh Sionach, King (?–917)
  • Fogarthach mac Donnegan, King (?–947)
  • Egneach mac Dalach, King (?–961)
  • Donnacan mac Maelmuire, King (?–970)
  • Mac Eiccnigh mac Dalagh, King (?–998)
  • Mac Leiginn mac Cerbaill, King (?–1022)
  • Kingdom of Breifne (complete list) –
  • Flann mac Tighearnáin, Lord (c.910)
  • Cernachan mac Tighearnáin, King (?–931)
  • Conghalach mac Cathaláin, Lord (c.935)
  • Cléircén son of Tigernán, King (c.937)
  • Fergal ua Ruairc, King (?)
  • (Sean) Fergal Ó Ruairc, King (c.964–967)
  • Niall Ó Ruairc, heir (1000–1001)
  • Cathal mac Conchobair, King (900–925)
  • Tadg mac Cathail, King (925–956)
  • Fergal Ua Ruairc, King (956–967)
  • Conchobar mac Tadg, King (967–973)
  • Cathal mac Tadg, King (973)
  • Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, King (973–1010)
  • Kingdom of Dublin (complete list) –
  • Kingdom of Meath (complete list) –
  • Flann Sinna mac Maíl Sechnaill, King (877–916)
  • Conchobar mac Flainn, King (916–919)
  • Donnchad Donn mac Flainn, King (919–944)
  • Oengus mac Donnchada, King (944–945/946)
  • Donnchad mac Domnaill, King (945/946–950)
  • Fergal Got mac Oengussa, King (c.950)
  • Aed mac Mael Ruanaid, King (c.950–951)
  • Domnall mac Donnchada, King (951–952)
  • Carlus mac Cuinn, King (952–960)
  • Donnchad Finn mac Aeda, King (960–974)
  • Muirchertach mac Mael Sechnaill, King (974–c.976)
  • Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, King (975/976–1022)
  • Kingdom of Munster (complete list) –
  • Mughroin mac Sochlachan, King (?–904)
  • Sochlachan mac Diarmata, King (?–909)
  • Murchadh mac Sochlachan, King (?–936)
  • Murchadh mac Aodha, King (?–960)
  • Geibennach mac Aedha, King (?–973)
  • Muirgus mac Domnaill, King (?–986)
  • Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, King (?–1014)
  • Áed mac Eochocáin, King (898–919)
  • Dubgall mac Áeda, King (919–925)
  • Loingsech mac Cinn Etig, King (925–932)
  • Eochaid mac Conaill, King (932–937)
  • Matudán mac Áeda, King (937–950)
  • Ardgal mac Matudáin, King (950–970)
  • Niall mac Áeda, King (970–971)
  • Áed mac Loingsig, King (971–972)
  • Eochaid mac Ardgail, King (972–1004)

Europe: Central[]

Holy Roman Empire in Germany

See also List of state leaders in the 10th-century Holy Roman Empire
  • Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) –
  • Louis the Child, King (899–911)
  • Conrad I, King (911–918)
  • Henry I, King (919–936)
  • Otto I, King (936–973), Holy Roman Emperor (962–973)
  • Otto II, King (961–983), Holy Roman Emperor (967–983)
  • Otto III, King (983–1002), Holy Roman Emperor (996–1002)

Hungary

  • Principality of Hungary (complete list) –
  • Árpád, Grand Prince (c.895–c.907)
  • Zoltán, Grand Prince (c.907–c.948)
  • Fajsz, Grand Prince (c. 948)
  • Taksony, Grand Prince (c.955–c.973)
  • Géza, Grand Prince (c.973–997)
  • Stephen I, Grand Prince (997–1000), King (1000–1038)

Moravia

  • Great Moravia (complete list) –

Poland

  • Civitas Schinesghe (complete list) –
  • Lestek, Duke (early 10th century)
  • Siemomysł, Duke (mid–10th century)
  • Mieszko I, Duke (960–992)
  • Bolesław I, Duke (992–1025), King (1025)

Europe: East[]

  • Volga Bulgaria (complete list) –
  • Almış, Emir (895–925)
  • , ruler (925–943)
  • , ruler (943–950)
  • , ruler (950–970)
  • , ruler (970–976)
  • , ruler (976–980)
  • , ruler (980–1006)
  • Khazar Khaganate (complete list) –
  • Aaron I, ruler (c.900)
  • Menahem, ruler (early 10th-century)
  • Benjamin, ruler (c.920)
  • Aaron II, ruler (late 920s–940)
  • Joseph, ruler (940–965)
  • David of Taman, ruler (c.986–988)
  • Georgius Tzul, ruler (?–1016)
  • Oleg of Novgorod,[15] Prince (882–912)
  • Igor I, Prince (912–945)
  • Olga,[16] Regent, Consort (945–962)
  • Sviatoslav I,[17] Prince (962–972)
  • Yaropolk I,[18] Prince (972–980)
  • Vladimir I the Great, Grand Prince (980–1015)
  • Novgorod (complete list) –
  • Oleg of Novgorod (879–912)

Europe: Nordic[]

Denmark

  • Denmark (complete list) –
  • Harthacnut I, King (early–10th century)
  • Gorm the Old, King (c. 936–c. 958)
  • Harald Bluetooth, King (c.958–c.986)
  • Sweyn Forkbeard, King (986–1014)

Norway

  • Harald Fairhair, King (c.872–930)
  • Eric Bloodaxe, King (c.929–934)
  • Haakon I the Good, King (c.934–960)
  • Harald II Greycloak, King (c.961–970)
  • Harald Bluetooth, King (c.970–985/986)
  • Haakon Sigurdsson, de facto ruler (c.975–995)[19]
  • Olaf Tryggvason, King (995–1000)
  • Sweyn Forkbeard, King (c.985–995, 1000–1014)

Sweden

Europe: Southcentral[]

States of Italy in 1000 AD.

Holy Roman Empire in Italy

See also List of state leaders in the 10th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy
  • Kingdom of Italy (complete list) –
Integrum: Simultaneous claimants
  • Berengar I, King (887–924)
  • Louis III the Blind, King (900–905)
  • Rudolph II of Burgundy, King (922–926)
  • Hugh of Arles, King (924–947)
  • Lothair II, King (948–950)
  • Berengar II of Ivrea, co-King (950–961)
  • Adalbert of Ivrea, co-King (950–963)
Ottonian dynasty
  • Otto I, King (961–973)
  • Otto II, King (980–983)
  • Otto III, King (996–1002)
  • March of Montferrat (complete list) –
  • William I, Marquis (?–pre-934)
  • Aleramo, Marquis (933–991)
  • William II, co-Marquis (?–pre-967)
  • Otto I, ruler (c.991)
  • William III, ruler (991–pre-1042)
  • Papal States (complete list) –
  • Benedict IV, Pope (900–903)
  • Leo V, Pope (903)
  • Sergius III, Pope (904–911)
  • Anastasius III, Pope (911–913)
  • Lando, Pope (913–914)
  • John X, Pope (914–928)
  • Leo VI, Pope (928)
  • Stephen VII, Pope (929–931)
  • John XI, Pope (931–935)
  • Leo VII, Pope (936–939)
  • Stephen VIII, Pope (939–942)
  • Marinus II, Pope (942–946)
  • Agapetus II, Pope (946–955)
  • John XII, Pope (955–963, 964)
  • Benedict V, Pope (964)
  • Leo VIII, Pope (964–965)
  • John XIII, Pope (965–972)
  • Benedict VI, Pope (973–974)
  • Benedict VII, Pope (974–983)
  • John XIV, Pope (983–984)
  • John XV, Pope (985–996)
  • Gregory V, Pope (996–999)
  • Sylvester II, Pope (999–1003)
  • Duchy of Spoleto (complete list) –
  • Alberic I, Duke (898–922)
  • , Duke (923–928)
  • , Duke (924–928)
  • Theobald I, Duke (928–936)
  • Anscar, Duke (936–940)
  • Sarlione, Duke (940–943)
  • Hubert, Duke (943–946)
  • , Duke (946–953)
  • Theobald II, Duke (953–959)
  • Transamund III, Duke (c.959–c.967)
  • Pandulf I, Duke (967–981)
  • Landulf, Duke (981–982)
  • Transamund III, Duke (982–989)
  • Hugh I the Great, Duke (989–996)
  • Conrad, Duke (996–998)
  • Adhemar, Duke (998–999)
  • March of Tuscany (complete list) –
  • Adalbert II the Rich, Margrave (886–915)
  • Guy, Margrave (915–929)
  • Lambert, Margrave (929–931)
  • Boso, Margrave (931–936)
  • Humbert, Margrave (936–961)
  • Hugh the Great, Margrave (961–1001)
  • Republic of Venice (complete list) –
  • Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)
  • Orso II Participazio, Doge (912–932)
  • Pietro II Candiano, Doge (932–939)
  • Pietro Participazio, Doge (939–942)
  • Pietro III Candiano, Doge (942–959)
  • Pietro IV Candiano, Doge (959–976)
  • Pietro I Orseolo, Doge (976–978)
  • Vitale Candiano, Doge (978–979)
  • Tribuno Memmo, Doge (979–991)
  • Pietro II Orseolo, Doge (991–1009)

Southern Italy[]

  • Principality of Benevento (complete list) –
  • Atenulf I, Prince (900–910)
  • Landulf I, co-ruler (901–910), Prince (910–943)
  • Atenulf II, co-ruler (911–940)
  • Landulf of Conza, co-ruler (940)
  • Atenulf III Carinola, co-ruler (933–943)
  • Landulf II, co-ruler (940–943), Prince (943–961)
  • Landulf III, co-ruler (959–961), Prince (961–968)
  • Pandulf I, co-ruler (943–961), Prince (961–981)
  • Landulf IV, co-ruler (968–981)
  • Pandulf II, Prince (981–1014)
  • Atenulf I, Gastald (887–910)
  • Landulf III, Gastald (901–910), Prince (910–943)
  • Atenulf II, co-Prince (911–940)
  • Landulf of Conza, co-Prince (940)
  • Atenulf III Carinola, co-Prince (933–943)
  • Landulf IV, Prince (940–961)
  • Landulf III, Prince (959–968)
  • Pandulf I Ironhead, Prince (961–981)
  • Landulf VI, Prince (981–982)
  • Landenulf II, Prince (982–993)
  • Laidulf, Prince (993–999)
  • Adhemar, Prince (999)
  • Landulf VII, Prince (999–1007)
  • Anscar I of Ivrea, Margrave (888–902)
  • Adalbert I, Margrave (902–929)
  • Anscar II, Margrave (929–936)
  • Berengar I, Margrave (936–957)
  • Guy, Margrave (957–965)
  • Adalbert II, Margrave (965–970)
  • Conrad, Margrave (970–c.990)
  • Arduin, Margrave (c.990–1015)
  • Duchy of Naples (complete list) –
  • Principality of Salerno (complete list) –
  • Guaimar I, Prince (880–901)
  • Guaimar II, Prince (901–946)
  • Gisulf I, Prince (946–978)
  • Landulf of Conza, Prince in opposition (973)
  • Pandulf I Ironhead, Prince (978–981)
  • Pandulf II, Prince (981)
  • Manso, Prince (981–983)
  • John I, Prince (981–983)
  • John II, Prince (983–994)
  • Guaimar III, Prince (994–1027)
  • Emirate of Sicily (complete list) –
  • al-Hasan al-Kalbi, Emir (948–953)
  • Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi, Emir (954–969)
  • , Emir (969-970)
  • Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi, Emir (970–982)
  • , Emir (982–983)
  • , Emir (983–985)
  • , Emir (985–990)
  • , Emir (990–998)
  • Ja'far al-Kalbi, Emir (998–1019)

Europe: Southwest[]

Iberian Peninsula: Christian[]

Iberian Peninsula: Christian

  • Kingdom of Asturias (complete list) –
  • Alfonso III, King (866–910)
  • Fruela II, King (910–925)
  • County of Barcelona (complete list) –
  • Wilfred II Borrel, Count (897–911)
  • Sunyer, Count (911–947)
  • Borrell II, Count (947–992)
  • Miro, Count (947–966)
  • Ramon Borrell, Count (988–1018)
  • County of Pallars (complete list) –
  • Raymond I, Count (872–920)
  • Lope I, Count (920–947)
  • , Count (920–948)
  • , Count (948–992)
  • Borrell I, Count (948–995)
  • , Count (992–1010)
  • Suñer I, Count (995–1011)
  • County of Ribagorza (complete list) –
  • Raymond I, Count (872–920)
  • , Count (920–950/955)
  • , Count (920–?)
  • , Count (950/955–970)
  • , Count (970–979)
  • , Count (979–990)
  • , Count (990–1003)

Iberian Peninsula: Muslim[]

Iberian Peninsula: Muslim

  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad, Emir (888–912)
  • Abd ar-Rahman III, Emir (912–929), Caliph (929–961)
  • Al-Hakam II, Caliph (961–976)
  • Hisham II, Caliph (976–1008, 1010–1012)

Marca Hispanica[]

Marca Hispanica

  • County of Osona (complete list) –
  • , Count (939–943)
  • County of Cerdanya (complete list) –
  • Miró II, Count (897–927)
  • Sunifred II, Count (927–968)
  • Miró III, Count (968–984)
  • Oliba Cabreta, Count (968–988)
  • Wilfred II, Count (988–1035)
  • County of Urgell (complete list) –
  • Sunifred II, Count (898–948)
  • Miró de Barcelona, Count (948–966)
  • Borrell II, Count (966–992)
  • Ermengol I of Córdoba, Count (992–1010)

Europe: West[]

  • West Frankish Kingdom, later France (complete list) –
  • Charles the Simple, King (898–922)
  • Robert I, King (922–923)
  • Rudolph, King (923–936)
  • Louis IV, King (936–954)
  • Lothair, King (954–986)
  • Louis V, King (986–987)
  • Hugh Capet, King (987–996)
  • Robert II, King (987–1031)
  • Anjou (complete list) –
  • Fulk I, Count (898–942)
  • Fulk II, Count (942–958)
  • Geoffrey I, Count (960–987)
  • Fulk III, Count (987–1040)
  • Duchy of Aquitaine (complete list) –
  • William I, Duke (893–918)
  • William II, Duke (918–926)
  • Acfred, Duke (926–927)
  • Ebalus, Duke (890–893, 927–932)
  • Raymond I, Duke (932–936)
  • Raymond II, Duke (936–955)
  • Hugh the Great, Duke (955–962)
  • William III, Duke (962–963)
  • William IV, Duke (963–995)
  • William V, Duke (995–1030)
  • County of Artois (complete list) –
  • Adelelm, Count (?–932)
  • Auvergne (complete list) –
  • William I, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (886–918)
  • William II, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (858–862, 918–926)
  • Acfred, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (926–927)
  • Ebalus Manzer, Count (927–934)
  • Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse, Count (940–941)
  • William III, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (950–963)
  • Armand of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
  • Robert I of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
  • Robert II of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
  • Robert III of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
  • Guy I of Auvergne, Count (979–989)
  • William IV of Auvergne, Count (989–1016)
  • County of Boulogne (complete list) –
  • Baldwin I, Count (896–918)
  • Adelolf, Count (918–933)
  • Arnulf I, Count (933–964)
  • Arnulf II, Count (964–971)
  • Arnulf III, Count (971–990)
  • Baldwin II, Count (990–1025)
  •  [fr], Lord (915–953)
  •  [fr], Lord (953–959)
  •  [fr], Lord (959–990)
  •  [fr], Lord (990–1031/34)
  • Duchy of Brittany (complete list) –
  • Alan I, King (876–907)
  • Gourmaëlon, ruler (907–c.914)
  • Hroflr, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
  • Rognvaldr, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
  • Incon, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
  • Alan II, Duke (938–952)
  • Drogo, Duke (952–958)
  • Hoël I, Duke (960–981)
  • Guerech, Duke (981–988)
  • Conan I, Duke (990–992))
  • Geoffrey I, Duke (992–1008)
  • Duchy of Burgundy (complete list) –
  • Richard the Justiciar, Duke (880–921)
  • Rudolph, Duke (921–923)
  • Hugh the Black, Duke (923–952)
  • Gilbert, Duke (952–956)
  • Otto, Duke (956–965)
  • Eudes Henry, Duke (965–1002)
  • County of Flanders (complete list) –
  • Baldwin II, Count (879–918)
  • Arnulf I the Great, Count (918–964)
  • Baldwin III, Count (958–962)
  • Arnulf II, Count (964–988)
  • Baldwin IV the Bearded, Count (988–1037)
  • Duchy of Gascony (complete list) –
  • García II, Duke (893–c.930)
  • Sans IV, Duke (930–c.950)
  • Sans V, Duke (c.950–c.961)
  • Guilhem II, Duke (c.961–996)
  • Bernat I, Duke (996–1009)
  • County of Maine (complete list) –
  • Hugh I, Count (900–950)
  • Hugh II, Count (950–992)
  • Hugh III, Count (992–1015)
  • County of Nevers (complete list) –
  • Otto-Henry, Count (?–987)
  • Otto-William, Count (987–992)
  • , Count (992–1028)
  • Duchy of Normandy (complete list) –
  • Rollo, Count (911–927)
  • William Longsword, Count (927–942)
  • Richard I the Fearless, Count (942–996)
  • Richard II the Good, Duke (996–1027)
  • Robert I, Count (866–923)
  • , Count (892–902)
  • Ebalus, Count (890–893, 902–935)[28]
  • William I, Count (935–963)
  • William II, Count (963–995)
  • William III, Count (969–1030)
  • Provence / Lower Burgundy (complete list) –
  • Louis the Blind, King(887–928)
  • Hugh, King(911–933)
  • Rotbold I, Count (961–1008)
  • County of Toulouse (complete list) –
  • Odo, Count (886–918)
  • Raymond II, Count (918–924)
  • Raymond III Pons, Count (924–c.950)
  • Raymond (IV), Count (c.950–c.961)
  • Hugh, Count (c.961–c.972)
  • Raymond (V), Count (c.972–c.978)
  • William III Taillefer, Count (978–1037)
  • County of Vermandois (complete list) –
  • Herbert I, Count (896–907)
  • Herbert II, Count (907–943)
  • Albert I the Pious, Count (943–988)
  • Herbert III, Count (987–997)
  • , Count (997–1035)

Eurasia: Caucasus[]

  • Kingdom of Abkhazia (complete list) –
  • Bagratid Armenia (complete list) –
  • Smbat I, King (890–912)
  • Ashot II, King (914–928)
  • Abas I, King (928–952)
  • Ashot III, King (952–977)
  • Smbat II, King (977–989)
  • Gagik I, King (989–1020)
  • Adarnase IV, King (888–923)
  • David II, King (923–937)
  • Sumbat I, King (937–958)
  • Bagrat II, King (958–994)
  • Gurgen of Georgia, King (994–1008)
  • Kingdom of Hereti (complete list) –
  • Adarnase II, King (897–943)
  • Ishchanik, King (943–951)
  • Iany I, King (951–959)
  • Kingdom of the Iberians (complete list) –
  • Adarnase IV, King (888–923)
  • David II, King (923–937)
  • Sumbat I, King (937–958)
  • Bagrat I, King (958–994)
  • Gurgen, King (994–1008)
  • Klarjeti (complete list) –

Oceania[]

Easter Island

  • Uremata, King (?)
  • Te Riri Tuu Kura, King (?)
  • Korua Rongo, King (?)
  • Tiki Te Hatu, King (?)
  • Tiki Tena, King (?)
  • Uru Kenu, King (c.1000)

Tonga

  • 'Aho'eitu, King (c. 950)
  • Lolofakangalo, King (?)
  • Fangaʻoneʻone, King (?)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ This is primarily covered in the chronicle of al-Nuwayri.
  2. ^ On the rise of the Fatimids, see Ibn Khaldoun (v.2 App. #2(pp.496–549))
  3. ^ See al-Nuwayri (v.2, App.1) and Ibn Khaldoun, v.2
  4. ^ L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
  5. ^ R. K. Dikshit 1976, p. 25.
  6. ^ Sushil Kumar Sullerey 2004, p. 25.
  7. ^ Sailendra Nath Sen (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International, 1999 - India - 668 pages. p. 437. ISBN 9788122411980.
  8. ^ Rajiv Kumar Verma (2015). "Kalachuri Inscriptions : A Reflection of Dwindling Political Power" (PDF). Veethika. 1 (3).
  9. ^ Dániel Balogh 2012, p. 103.
  10. ^ Dániel Balogh 2010, p. 270.
  11. ^ Woolf (2007) pp. 140–41
  12. ^ Howorth (1911) p. 12
  13. ^ Downham (2007) p. 185
  14. ^ Encyclopaedia of Wales
  15. ^ Sveerne (konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev))
  16. ^ Olga was first of Rurikid to be baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev
  17. ^ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007, ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
  18. ^ Ярополк is modern Ukrainian, Jaropełk is Polish, Jaropluk is Czech, Jaropelkas is Lithuanian, Iaropelkos is Greek, Jaropolk is German and Swedish.
  19. ^ Krag, Claus (1995). Vikingtid og rikssamling: 800–1130. Aschehougs norgeshistorie. 2. p. 101. ISBN 8203220150.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 389–91.
  21. ^ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 391.
  22. ^ Adémar II was one of two known sons of William II, but his status as count is only supported by one possible reading of his father's will. Debord (99–103) notes that he might have become count, while Bourgeois rejects the possibility (387 and 392). For William II's will, see: Paul Lefrancq, ed., Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Cybard (Angoulême: Imprimerie Ouvrière, 1930), #222.
  23. ^ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
  25. ^ Debord, 99–103 omits Richard; Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93, accepts him. Only mentioned in Adémar de Chabannes' chronicle, if he ruled at all it would have been in 975. Ademari Cabannensis opera omnia pars 1: Chronicon, ed. Pascale Bourgain, Richard Landes, and Georges Pon, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 129 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999), III.28, 148.
  26. ^ Bourgeois, 387.
  27. ^ Bourgeois, 387.
  28. ^ Monarchs, Counts, Dynasties And Kingdoms Of The World, by R F Tapsell, 1983, Facts On File, Inc., New York, NY, page 211.
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