List of state leaders in the 18th century

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lists of state leaders by century:
See also:
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
  • 19th century
Timelines:
State leaders:
Decades:
  • 1700s
  • 1710s
  • 1720s
  • 1730s
  • 1740s
  • 1750s
  • 1760s
  • 1770s
  • 1780s
  • 1790s
Categories: BirthsDeaths
EstablishmentsDisestablishments

This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 18th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa[]

Central[]

Angola

  • Kiluanje kya Ngonga, King (c.1690s–1700s)
  • Kinguri kya Kasombe, King (c.1700s)
  • Kitumba kya Kalunga, King (c.1710s)
  • Kambamba ka Kinguri, King (c.1720s)
  • Kasanje ka Kiluanje, King (c.1730s)
  • Lubame lwa Kipungo, King (c.1739–1750s)
  • Ngunza a Kambamba, King (c.1750–1770)
  • Lukala lwa Njinje, King (early 1770s)
  • Kalunga ka Luhame, King (mid 1770s)
  • Kitumba kya Wanga, King (late 1770s–early 1780s)
  • Kisweya kya Kambamba, King (1780s)
  • Kitamba kya Shiba, King (c.1785–1792)
  • Malenge a Ngonga, King (1792–c.1810)
  • Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) –
  • João II of Lemba, Awenekongo, Lemba claimant (1680–1716)
  • , Awenekongo, Mbamba Lovata claimant (1678–1715)
  • Pedro IV, Awenekongo, Kibangu claimant (1695–1709), Manikongo (1709–1718)
  • Manuel II, Manikongo (1718–1743)
  • Garcia IV, Manikongo (1743–1752)
  • Manuel II, Manikongo (1752–post-1758)
  • Nicolau I, Manikongo (mid-18th century)
  • , Manikongo (mid-18th century)
  • , Manikongo (mid-18th century)
  • , Manikongo (?–1763)
  • Pedro V, Manikongo (1763–1764)
  • Álvaro XI, Manikongo (1764–1778)
  • José I, Manikongo (1778–1785)
  • Afonso V, Manikongo (1785–1787)
  • , Manikongo (1787–?)
  • , Manikongo (?–1793)
  • Joaquim I, Manikongo (1793–1794)
  • Henrique II, Manikongo (1794–1803)
  • Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721)
  • , King (1721–1741)
  • Ana II, Queen (1741–1756)
  • Verónica II, Queen (1756–1758)
  • Ana III, Queen (1758–?)
  • , King (late 18th century)
  • Portuguese Angola (complete list) –
Colony, 1575–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

  • Fondom of Bafut (complete list) –
  • , King (1677–1708)
  • , King (1708–1752)
  • , King (1752–1799)
  • , King (1799–1852)
  • Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –
  • Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757)
  • , Mfon (1757–1814)
  • Duala people (complete list) –
  • , ruler (17th–18th century)
  • , ruler (18th century)
  • George, Senior chief, King (fl.1788–90)
  • Priso a Doo, Chief (late 18th century)
  • Kwane a Ngie, Chief (late 18th century)
  • , ruler (18th–early 19th century)

Central African Republic

Chad

  • ‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707)
  • Bar, Mbangi (1707–1722)
  • Wanja, Mbangi (1722–1736)
  • Burkomanda II Tad Lele, Mbangi (1736–1741)
  • Loel, Mbangi (1741–1751)
  • Hajji Mohammed al'Amin, Mbangi (1751–1785)
  • ‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806)
  • Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

  • Kuba Kingdom (complete list)[1]
  • KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century)
  • Golo Shanga, Nyim (18th century)
  • Misha Mishanga Shanga, Nyim (18th century)
  • Bokare Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Bushabun Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Koto Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Misha Pelenge Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Bope Pelenge, Nyim (18th century)
  • Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810)
  • Kingdom of Luba (complete list) –
  • , Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720)
  • , Mwaant Yaav (c.1720)
  • , Mwaant Yaav (c.1720–c.1750)
  • , Mwaant Yaav (c.1750–c.1767)
  • , Mwaant Yaav (c.1767–c.1775)
  • , Mwaant Yaav (c.1775–c.1800)

Congo, Republic of the

  • , King (?–1766)
  • , King (1773–1787)

Equatorial Guinea

  • Spanish Guinea (complete list) –
Colony, 1778–1968
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

  • Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) –
  • , Founder (c.1700–?)
  • , Agamwinboni (c.1730–?)
  • , Agamwinboni (?–1750)
  • , Agamwinboni (c.1750)
  • , Agamwinboni (c.1750–1790)
  • Ndombe, Agamwinboni (1790)
  • , Agamwinboni (1790–1810)

São Tomé and Príncipe

Colony, 1470–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

East[]

Great Lakes area

Burundi
Kenya
  • , Sultan (1746–1755)
  • , Sultan (1755–1773)
  • , Sultan (1773–1782)
  • , Sultan (1782–1811)
  • Pate Sultanate: Nabahani dynasty (complete list) –
Rwanda
  • Cyilima II Rujugira, King (1675–1708)
  • Kigeli III Ndabarasa, King (1708–1741)
  • Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo, King (1741–1746)
  • Yuhi IV Gahindiro, King (1746–1802)
South Sudan
  • Shilluk Kingdom
  • Tugø, Rädh (c.1690–1710)
  • Nyokwejø, Rädh (c.1780–1820)
Tanzania
Uganda
  • Ankole (complete list) –
  • Macwa, Omugabe (c.1727–c.1755)
  • , Omugabe (c.1755–1783)
  • , Omugabe (1783–?)
  • Buganda (complete list) –
  • Kayemba, Kabaka (c.1690–c.1704)
  • Tebandeke, Kabaka (c.1704–c.1724)
  • Ndawula, Kabaka (c.1724–c.1734)
  • Kagulu, Kabaka (c.1734–c.1736)
  • Kikulwe, Kabaka (c.1736–c.1738)
  • Mawanda. c.1738–c.1740)
  • Mwanga I, Kabaka (c.1740–c.1741)
  • Namuggala, Kabaka (c.1741–c.1750)
  • Kyabaggu, Kabaka (c.1750–c.1780)
  • Jjunju, Kabaka (c.1780–c.1797)
  • Semakookiro, Kabaka (c.1797–c.1814)
  • Bunyoro (complete list) –
  • , Omukama
  • , Omukama (c.1710–1731)
  • , Omukama (1731–c.1782)
  • , Omukama (c.1782–1786)
  • Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama (1786–1835)

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
  • Ethiopian Empire (complete list) –
Solomonic dynasty
  • Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706)
  • Tekle Haymanot I, Emperor (1706–1708)
  • Tewoflos, Emperor (1708–1711)
  • Yostos, Emperor (1711–1716)
  • Dawit III, Emperor (1716–1721)
  • Bakaffa, Emperor (1721–1730)
  • Iyasu II, Emperor (1730–1755)
  • Iyoas I, Emperor (1755–1769)
Zemene Mesafint
  • Yohannes II, Emperor (1769)
  • Tekle Haymanot II, Emperor (1769–1770)
  • Susenyos II, Emperor (1770)
  • Tekle Haymanot II, Emperor (1770–1777)
  • Salomon II, Emperor (1777–1779)
  • Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1779–1784)
  • Iyasu III, Emperor (1784–1788)
  • Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1788–1789)
  • Hezqeyas, Emperor (1789–1794)
  • Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1794–1795)
  • Baeda Maryam II, Emperor (1795)
  • Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1795–1796)
  • Salomon III, Emperor (1796–1797)
  • Yonas, Emperor (1797–1798)
  • Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1798–1799)
  • Salomon III, Emperor (1799)
  • Demetros, Emperor (1799–1800)
  • Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1800)
  • Demetros, Emperor (1800–1801)
  • Sultanate of Aussa (complete list) –
  • , Sultan (1734–1749)
  • , Sultan (1749–1779)
  • , Sultan (1779–1801)
  • , Tato (1690–1720)
  • , Tato (1720–1740)
  • Malko, Tato (1740–1760)
  • Gabito, Tato (1760–1780)
  • , usurper Tato, (1780–1790)
  • , Tato (1790–1845)
  • Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820)
  • Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840)
  • Adam, Moti, Founder (late 18th century)
  • Oncho, Moti (c.1795)
  • Ṭalḥa ibn ʿAbdullah, Emīr (1700–1721)
  • Abūbakar ibn ʿAbdullah, Emīr (1721–1732)
  • Khalaf ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1732–1733)
  • Ḥāmid ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1733–1747)
  • Yūsuf ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1747–1755)
  • Aḥmed ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1755–1782)
  • Maḥamed ibn Yūsuf, Emīr (1782–1783)
  • `Abd al-Shakur ibn Yusuf, Emīr (1783–1794)
  • Ahmad II ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1794–1821)
  • , Moti (late 18th century)
  • Abba Magal, Moti (c.1800)
  • Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)[5]
  • or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710)
  • Gaki Gaocho or Otti Sheroch, King (1710–1742)
  • Gali Gaocho or Kanechoch, King (1742–1775)
  • or Gali Keffoch, King (1775–1795)
  • Beshi Ginocho or Kaye Sheroch, King (1795–1798)
  • Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821)
  • , Hinnare-tato (early 18th century)
  • , Hinnare-tato (c.1750)
  • , Hinnare-tato (late 18th century)
  • Kingdom of Welayta: (complete list)[7]
  • , Kawa (18th century)
  • , Kawa (18th century)
  • , Kawo (?–1761)
  • , Kawa (1761–1800)
  • , Kawa (1800–1835)
Somalia
  • Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) –
  • Ibrahim Adeer, Sultan (late 17th century–mid 18th century)[8]
  • Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (mid-18th century–1828)[9]
  • Warsangali Sultanate
  • Garaad Naleye, Sultan (1675–1705)
  • Garaad Mohamed, Sultan (1705–1750)
  • Garaad Ali, Sultan (1750–1789)
  • Garaad Mohamud Ali, Sultan (1789–1830)

Indian Ocean

Comoros
  • Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) –
  • Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711)
  • , Sultan (c.1711–c.1741)
  • , Sultan (c.1741–c.1782)
  • Abdallah I (), de facto ruler (c.1782–c.1788)
  • Halimah IV, Sultan (c.1788–c.1792)
  • Abdallah I (), de facto ruler (c.1792–c.1796)
  • Alawi bin Husain, Sultan (1796–1816)
Madagascar
  • Andriamandisoarivo (Tsimanata), King (c.1690–1720)
  • Andrianamboniarivo (Toakafa), King (c.1720–1730)
  • Andriamahatindriarivo, King (c.1730–1760)
  • Andrianahilitsy, King (c.1760–1767)
  • Andrianiveniarivo, King (1767–1770)
  • Andrianihoatra, King (1770–1771)
  • Andrianikeniarivo, King (1771–1777)
  • Andrianaginarivo, Queen (1777–1778)
  • Tombola, Queen (1778)
  • Ravahiny, Queen (c.1778–1808)
  • Merina Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Andriamasinavalona, King (1675–1710)
  • Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka, King (1710–1730)
  • Andriambelomasina, King (1730–1770)
  • Andrianjafynandriamanitra, King (1770–1787)
  • Andrianampoinimerina, King (1787–1810)
Mauritius
  • Isle de France (complete list) –
French colony, 1715–1810
For details see France under western Europe
Seychelles

Northcentral[]

Libya

  • Karamanli dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania (complete list) –
  • Ahmed I, Pasha (1711–1745)
  • Mehmed, Pasha (1745–1754)
  • Ali I, Pasha (1754–1793)
  • , Pasha (1793–1795)
  • Ahmed II, Pasha (1795)
  • Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha (1795–1832)

Tunisia

  • Eyalet of Tunis
  • Ibrahim Sharif, Bey (1702–1705)
  • Beylik of Tunis (complete list) –
  • Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, Bey (1705–1735)
  • Abu l-Hasan Ali I, Bey (1735–1756)
  • Muhammad I ar-Rashid, Bey (1756–1759)
  • Ali II ibn Hussein, Bey (1759–1782)
  • Hammuda ibn Ali, Bey (1782–1814)

Northeast[]

Egypt

Sudan

  • Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) –
  • , Sultan (early 18th century–c.1730)
  • , Sultan (c.1730–?)
  • , Sultan (?–c.1752/3)
  • , Sultan (c.1752/3–?)
  • , Sultan (?–1785/6)
  • , Sultan (1785/6–c.1801)
  • Funj Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Badi III, Sultan (1692–1716)[10][11]
  • , Sultan (1719–1720)
  • , Sultan (1720–1724)
  • Badi IV, Sultan (1724–1762)
  • Hamaj Regency of the Funj Sultanate
  • Sultans (complete list) –
  • Nasir, Sultan (1762–1769)[10][11]
  • Isma'il, Sultan (1768–1776)
  • Adlan II, Sultan (1776–1789)
  • , Sultan (1787–1788)
  • , Sultan (1788–1790)
  • , Sultan (1790)
  • , Sultan (1790–1791)
  • , Sultan (1791–1798)
  • , Sultan (1798–1804)
  • Regents (complete list) –
  • , Regent (1762/69–1775/6)[12]
  • , Regent (1775/6–1780)
  • , Regent (1780–1786/7)
  • , Regent (1786/7–1798)
  • , Regent (1798–1804)
  • Taqali (complete list) –
  • Muhammad wad Jayli, Mukūk (c.1750)
  • Umar I–1783, Mukūk (?–1783)
  • Ismail I, Mukūk (1783–1800)
  • Abakr I, Mukūk (1800–1820)

Northwest[]

Algeria

  • Regency of Algiers (Sultans / Governors) –
Vassal state, 1671–1830
  • , Dey (1700–1710)
  • , Dey (1710)
  • Ali Chauch, Dey (1710–1718), Pasha, (1718)
  • Muhammad III ben Hassan, Pasha-Dey (1718–1724)
  • , Pasha-Dey (1724–1732)
  • Ibrahim ben Ramdan, Pasha-Dey (1732–1745)
  • , Pasha-Dey (1745–1748)
  • , Pasha-Dey (1748–1754)
  • , Pasha-Dey (1754–1766)
  • Muhammad V ben Othman, Pasha-Dey (1766–1791)
  • Baba Hassan, Pasha-Dey (1791–1799)

Morocco

  • Morocco: Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –
  • Ismail Ibn Sharif, Sultan (1672–1727)
  • Abu'l Abbas Ahmad, Sultan (1727–1728, 1728–1729)
  • Abdalmalik, Sultan (1728)
  • , Sultan (1734–1736)
  • , Sultan (1736–1738)
  • , Sultan (1741)
  • , Sultan (1738–1740, 1742–1743, 1747–1748)
  • Abdallah, Sultan (1729–1734, 1736–1736, 1740–1741, 1741–1742, 1743–1747, 1748–1757)
  • Mohammed III, Sultan (1757–1790)
  • Yazid, Sultan (1790–1792)
  • Slimane, Sultan (1792–1822)

South[]

Botswana

Eswatini/ Swaziland

  • Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)
  • Ngwane III, King (1745–1780)
  • Ndvungunye, King (1780–1815)
  • tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

Lesotho

Malawi

Mozambique

  • Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –
Colony, 1498–1972
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

  • Gciriku (complete list) –
  • Shimwemwe, ruler (1785–1805)

South Africa

  • Zulu Kingdom (complete list) –
(1700s–1897)
  • Senzangakhona kaJama, King (1781–1816)
  • Dutch Cape Colony (complete list) –
British occupation, 1795–1803
  • Cape Colony (complete list) –
British colony, 1795–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Zambia

  • Kazembe
  • , Mwata (1760–1805)

Zimbabwe

  • , Mwenemutapa (1694–1707)
  • , Mwenemutapa (1707–1711)
  • , Mwenemutapa (1711–1712)
returns to Rozwi vassalage (1712)
  • , Mwenemutapa (1712–1723)
independent of Rozwi (1720)
  • , Mwenemutapa (1723–1735)
  • , Mwenemutapa (1735–1740)
  • , Mwenemutapa (1740–1759)
  • Rozvi Empire (complete list) –
  • Changamire Negamo, King (c.1700–1710)
  • Chirisamuru, King (c.1712–1788)
  • Changamire Dhafa, King (c.1790–1824)

West[]

Benin

  • Kingdom of Benin (complete list) –
  • Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701)[13]
  • Ewuakpe, Oba (1701–1712)
  • Ozuere, Oba (1712–1713)
  • Akenzua I, Oba (1713–1740)
  • Eresoyen, Oba (1740–1750)
  • Akengbuda, Oba (1750–1804)
  • Dahomey (complete list) –
  • Akaba, King (1685–1716)
  • Hangbe, King (1716–1718)
  • Agaja, King (1718–1740)
Vassal of the Oyo Empire, 1740–1823
  • Tegbessou, King (1740–1774)
  • Kpengla, King (1774–1789)
  • Agonglo, King (1789–1797)
  • Adandozan, King (1797–1818)
  • , Ahosu (1688–1729)
  • , Ahosu (1729–1739)
  • , Ahosu (1739–1746)
  • , Queen (1746–1752)
  • , Ahosu (1752–1757)
  • Huyi, Ahosu (1757–1761)
  • , Ahosu (1761–1765)
  • , Ahosu (1775–1783)
  • , Ahosu (1783–1794)
  • , Ahosu (1794–1807)
  • Ketu (Benin) (complete list) –
  • Ajibolu, Oba (1795–1816)

Burkina Faso

  • Kingdom of Koala (complete list) –
  • Famaghan Wattara, ruler (1714–1729)
  • Famaghan dan Tyeba, ruler (1729–1742)
  • Kere Massa Wattara, ruler (1742–1749)
  • Magan Wule Wattara, ruler (1749–1809)
  • Brahima bi Saydu, Ja-oro (1758–1810)
  • Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709)
  • Yendabri, Nunbado (1709–c.1736)
  • Yembrima, Nunbado (1736–1791)
  • Baahamma, Nunbado (1791–1822)
  • Mossi Kingdom of Wogodogo (complete list) –
  • Naaba Dulugu, Moogo-naaba (1783–1802)
  • Naaba Yadega, Yatenga naaba (c.18th century)
  • Naaba Yolomfaogoma, Yatenga naaba (c.18th century)
  • Naaba Kourita, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
  • Naaba Geda, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
  • Naaba Wobgho I, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
  • Naaba Kango, Yatenga naaba (1754–1787)
  • Rima Naaba Saaga, Yatenga naaba (1787–1803)

Cape Verde

  • Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –
Colony, 1462–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

Ghana

  • Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) –
  • Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (c.1675/80–1717)
  • , Regent (1717–1720)
  • Opoku Ware I, Asantehene (1720–1750)
  • Kusi Oboadum, Asantehene (1750–1764)
  • , Regent (1764)
  • , Asantehene (1764–1777)
  • , Regent (1777)
  • Osei Kwame Panyin, Asantehene (1777–1803)
  • Ntim Gyakari, Denkyirahene (1695–1701)

Guinea

  • Imamate of Futa Jallon () –
  • Karamokho Alfa, Almami (c.1725–1751)
  • Ibrahim Sori, Almami (1751–1784)
  • Sa'id, Almami (c.1784–1797/8)

Guinea-Bissau

  • Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –
Colony, 1474–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

  • Biri Kofi Panyin, Gyaamanhene (?–1720)
  • Abo Kofi, Gyaamanhene (1720–1746)
  • Kofi Sono, Gyaamanhene (1746–1760)
  • Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1760–1790)
  • Biri Kofi Kadyo, Gyaamanhene (1790–1810)
  • , leader (1710–1735)

Liberia

Mali

  • Bamana Empire
  • Bitòn Coulibaly, Faama (1712–1755)
  • Dinkoro Coulibaly, Faama (1755–1757)
  • Ali Coulibaly, Faama (1757–c.1759)
  • Ngolo Diarra, Faama (1766–1795)
  • Mansong Diarra, Faama (1795–1808)
  • , Faama (1808–?)

Mauritania

Niger

  • Sultanate of Damagaram (complete list) –
  • Mallam, Sultan (1731–1746)
  • Baba dan Mallam, Sultan (1746–1757)
  • Tanimoun Babani, Sultan (1757–1775)
  • Assafa dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1775–1782)
  • Abaza dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1782–1787)
  • Mallam Babou Saba, Sultan (1787–1790)
  • Daouda dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1790–1799)
  • Ahmadou dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1799–1812)
  • Dendi Kingdom: Askiya Dynasty (complete list) –
  • El Hadjj Hanga, Askiya (?–1761)[18]
  • Samsou-Béri, Askiya (1761–1779)
  • Hargani, Askiya (1779–1793)
  • Samsou Keïna, Askiya (1793–1798)
  • Fodi Maÿroumfa, Askiya (1798–1805)
  • Zarmakoy Aboubacar, King (c.1750–?)
  • Zarmakoy Laouzo, King (?)

Nigeria

  • Akwa Akpa (Old Calabar)[19]
  • Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho, King (1786–1805)
  • Kingdom of Bonny

The following were the independent rulers of Okoloama.[20]

  • Awusa "Halliday", King (1759–1760)
  • Perekule I, King (1760–?)
  • Fubara Manilla Pepple, King (?–1792)
  • Opubo Annie Pepple the Great, King (1792–1828)
  • , Mai (1696–1715)
  • Hamdan, Mai (1715–1729)
  • , Mai (1729–1744)
  • , Mai (1744–1447)
  • , Mai (1747–1792)
  • Ahmad, Mai (1792–1808)
  • Gobir
  • Bawa, Sultan (1777–1795)
  • Yakubu, Sultan (1795–1801)
  • Sultanate of Kano (complete list) –
  • , Sultan (1670–1703)
  • , Sultan (1703–1731)
  • Kumbari, Sultan (1731–1743)
  • al-Hajj Kabe, Sultan (1743–1753)
  • Yaji II, Sultan (1753–1768)
  • , Sultan (1768–1776)
  • , Sultan (1776–1781)
  • Muhammad al-Walid, Sultan (1781–1805)
  • Lagos (complete list) –
  • Ashipa, Oba (c.1682–1716)[22][23]
  • Ado, Oba (1716–1755)[24][25]
  • Gabaro, Oba (1755–1760)[26]
  • Akinsemoyin, Oba (c.1760–1775)[27]
  • Eletu Kekere, Oba (c.1775–1780)
  • Ologun Kutere, Oba (1780–1801)[27] or until 1803[28]
  • Nembe Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Mingi I, King (1745–1766)
  • Ikata Mingi II, King (1766–1788)
  • Gboro Mingi III, King (1788–1800)
  • Kuko Mingi IV, King (1800–1832)
  • Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –
  • Ezimilo, Eze Nri (1701–1723)
  • , Eze Nri (1724–1794)
  • , Eze Nri (1795–1886)
  • Oyo Empire (complete list) –
  • , Alaafin (17th century or 18th century)
  • , Alaafin (early 18th century)
  • Ojigi, Alaafin (c.1728–1730)
  • Gberu, Alaafin (c.1730–1746)
  • , Alaafin (1746)
  • Onisile, Alaafin (1746–1754)
  • , Alaafin (1754)
  • , Alaafin (1754)
  • , Alaafin (1754)
  • , Alaafin (1754–1770)
  • Abiodun, Alaafin (c.1770–1789)
  • , Alaafin (1789–1796)
  • , Alaafin (1796–1888)
  • Yauri Emirate
  • Muhammadu Dan Ayi dan Ahmadu Jerabana Albishir, Emir (1799–1829)

Senegal

  • Kingdom of Jolof (complete list) –
  • , Buur-ba (1670–1711)
  • , Buur-ba (1711–1721)
  • , Buur-ba (1721–1740)
  • , Buur-ba (1740–1748)
  • , Buur-ba (1748–1750)
  • , Buur-ba (1750–1755)
  • , Buur-ba (1755–1763)
  • , Buur-ba (1763–1800)
  • , Buur-ba (1800–1818)
  • Cayor (complete list) –
  • Lat Sukabe, Damel (1697–1719)
  • Isa-Tende, Damel (1719–1748)
  • Isa Bige, Damel (1748–1749)
  • Ma-Bathio Samb, Damel (1749–1757)
  • Birima Kodu, Damel (1757–1758)
  • Isa Bige, Damel (1758–1759)
  • Birima Yamb, Damel (1759–1760)
  • Isa Bige Nagone, Damel (1760–1763)
  • Jor Yasin Isa, Damel (1763–1766)
  • Kodu Kumba, Damel (1766–1777)
  • Birima Fatim-Penda, Damel (1777–1790)
  • Amari Ngone Ndèla Kumba Fal, Damel (1790–1809)
  • Imamate of Futa Toro (complete list) –
  • , Almaami (1776–1804)
  • Waalo (complete list) –
  • , King (1674–1708)
  • Njak Aram Bakar Teedyek, King (1708–1733)
  • Yerim Nadate Bubu, King (1733–1734)
  • Meu Mbody Kumba Khedy, King (1734–1735)
  • Yerim Khode Fara Mboj, King (1735–1736)
  • Njak Xuri Yop, King (1736–1780)
  • Fara Penda Teg Rel, King (1780–c.1795)
  • Njak Kumba Xuri Yay Mboj, King (1795–1805)[29]

Sierra Leone

  • Kingdom of Koya (complete list) –
  • Naimbanna I, Bai (1680–1720)
  • Naimbanna II, Bai (1720–1793)
  • Farima IV, Bai (1793–1807)

Togo

Americas[]

Caribbean[]

Antigua

British colony, 1632–1981
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

The Bahamas

  • Colony of the Bahamas (complete list) –
British colony, 1648–1973
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Barbados

  • Colonial Barbados (complete list) –
British colony, 1625–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Cuba

Spanish Colony, 1607–1898
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Dominica

French Colony, 1715–1763
For details see France in western Europe
British Colony, 1763–1978
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

  • Colonial Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (complete list) –
British Colony, 1763–1979
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Haiti

  • Saint-Domingue (complete list) –
French Colony, 1625–1804
For details see France in western Europe

Netherlands

Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Saint Lucia

  • French Saint Lucia (complete list) –
French colony, 1762–1802
For details see France in western Europe

Trinidad and Tobago

  • Colonial Trinidad and Tobago (complete list) –
British colony, 1797–1962
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Central[]

Belize

British colony, 1749–1862
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Guatemala

  • Captaincy General of Guatemala (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1609–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Nicaragua

  • Miskito Coast (complete list) –

North[]

Canada

  • Canada (New France) (complete list) –
French colony, 1535–1763
For details see France under western Europe
  • Newfoundland Colony (complete list) –
British colony, 1610–1907
British colony, 1763–1791
  • Upper Canada (complete list) –
British colony, 1791–1841
  • Lower Canada (complete list) –
British colony, 1791–1841
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Mexico

  • Viceroyalty of New Spain (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1521–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

United States

  • United States: Second Continental Congress: Presidents
  • John Hancock, President (1775–1777)[30]
  • Henry Laurens, President (1777–1778)[31]
  • John Jay, President (1778–1779)[32]
  • Samuel Huntington, President (1779–1781)[33]
  • United States: Articles of Confederation: Presidents
  • Samuel Huntington, President (1781)[33]
  • Thomas McKean, President (1781)[34]
  • John Hanson, President (1781–1782)[35]
  • Elias Boudinot, President (1782–1783)[36]
  • Thomas Mifflin, President (1783–1784)[37]
  • Richard Henry Lee, President (1784–1785)[38]
  • John Hancock, President (1785–1786)[30]
  • Nathaniel Gorham, President (1786)[39]
  • Arthur St. Clair, President (1787)[40]
  • Cyrus Griffin, President (1788)[41]
  • United States: [[Constitution of the United States]]: President of the United States (complete list) –
  • George Washington, President (1789–1797)[42]
  • John Adams, President (1797–1801)[43]
  • Little Turkey, First Beloved Man (1788–1794), Principal Chief (1794–1801)
  • State of Muskogee
  • William Augustus Bowles, Director General (1799–1803)
  • Vermont Republic (complete list) –
  • Joseph Marsh, Governor (1778–1779, 1790–1791)
  • Moses Robinson, Governor (1779–1790)

South[]

Argentina

Spanish Colony, 1776–1814
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Brazil

  • Colonial Brazil (complete list) –
Portuguese colony, 1500/1534–1808
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Chile

  • Captaincy General of Chile (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1541–1818
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Colombia

  • Viceroyalty of New Granada (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1717–1723, 1739–1810, 1815–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Peru

  • Viceroyalty of Peru (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1542–1824
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Suriname

  • English Surinam (complete list) –
English/ British colony, 1650–1667
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
  • Dutch Surinam (complete list) –
Dutch colony 1667–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Asia[]

Central[]

Kazakhstan

  • Dzungar Khanate (complete list) –
  • Tsewang Arabtan, Khong Tayiji (1694–1727)
  • Galdan Tseren, Khong Tayiji (1727–1745)
  • Tsewang Dorji Namjal, Khong Tayiji (1746–1749)
  • Lama Dorji, Khong Tayiji (1750–1753)
  • Dawachi, Khong Tayiji (1752–1755)
  • Amursana, ruler (c.1755–1757)
  • Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –
  • Tauke, Khan (1680–1718)
  • Junior zhuz (complete list) –
  • Abul Khair, Khan (1718–1748)
  • , Khan (1748–1786)
  • , Khan (1791–1794)
  • Esim, Khan (1795–1797)
  • , Khan (1797–1805)
  • Middle zhuz (complete list) –
  • , Khan (1719–1734)
  • , Khan (1734–1771)
  • Ablai, Khan (1771–1781)
  • , Khan (1781–1819)

Tajikistan

  • Yarkent Khanate, Western Moghulistan (complete list) –
  • Akbash, Khan (1695–1705)

Tibet

  • Khoshut Khanate of Tibet
  • Khans (complete list) –
  • Lha-bzang, Khan (1697–1717)
  • Dalai Lamas (complete list) –
  • Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (1697–1706)
  • Tibet under Qing rule (Qing emperors / Dalai Lamas) –
Manchu overlordship, 1720–1912
For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

Uzbekistan

  • Khanate of Bukhara
  • Subhan Quli, Khan (1680–1702)[44][45][46]
  • , Khan (1702–1711)
  • , Khan (1711–1747)
  • Muhammad Abd al-Mumin, Khan (1747–1748)
  • Muhammad Ubaidullah II, Khan (1748–1753, nominal)
  • Muhammad Rahim (usurper), atalik (1753–1756), Khan (1756–1758)
  • Shir Ghazi, Khan (1758-?)
  • , Khan (1758–1785)
  • Emirate of Bukhara
  • , Amir (1785–1800)
  • Khanate of Kokand
  • Shahrukh Bey, Khan (c.1709–1721)
  • , Khan (c.1721–1733)
  • , Khan (c.1733–1750)
  • , Khan (c.1750)
  • Irdana, Khan (c.1750–1752)
  • , Khan (c.1752–1753)
  • Irdana, Khan (c.1753–1764)
  • Suleiman Bey, Khan (c.1764)
  • , Khan (c.1764)
  • Narbuta Bey, Khan (c.1764–1801)
  • Khanate of Khiva (complete list) –
  • Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz, Khan (1698–1701)
  • Awrang II, Khan (1701–1702)
  • rShakhbakht Khan, Khan (1702-03)
  • Sayyid Ali Khan, Khan (1703)
  • Musa, Khan (1702–1712)
  • Yadigar I, Khan (1712–1713)
  • Awrang III, Khan (c.1713–c.1714)
  • Haji Muhammad II, Khan (c.1714)
  • Shir Ghazi, Khan (1714–1727)
  • Sarigh Ayghir, Khan (1727)
  • Bahadur, Khan (1727–1728)
  • Ilbars II, Khan (1728–1740)
  • Tahir, Khan (1740–1742)
  • Nurali I, Khan (1742)
  • Abu Muhammad, Khan (1742)
  • Abu al-Ghazi II Muhammad, Khan (1742–1747)
  • Ghaib, Khan (Kaip Khan), Khan (1747–1758)
  • Abdullah Qara Beg, Khan (1758)
  • Timur Ghazi, Khan (1758–1764)
  • Tawke, Khan (1764–1766)
  • Shah Ghazi, Khan (1766–1768)
  • Abu al-Ghazi III, Khan (1768–1769)
  • Nurali II, Khan (1769)
  • Jahangir, Khan (1769–1770)
  • Bölekey, Khan (1770)
  • Aqim, Khan (1770–1771, c.1772–c.1773)
  • Abd al-Aziz, Khan (c.1771)
  • Artuq Ghazi, Khan (c.1772)
  • Abdullah, Khan (c.1772)
  • Aqim, Khan (1770–1771, c.1772–c.1773)
  • Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
  • Abu'l Fayz, Khan (1775–1779)
  • Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
  • Pulad Ghazi, Khan (1781–1783)
  • Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
  • Abu al-Ghazi IV, Khan (1790–1802)
  • Kalmyk Khanate (complete list) –
  • Ayuka, Khan (1672–1723)
  • Tseren Donduk, Khan (1723–1735)
  • Donduk Ombo, Khan (1735–1741)
  • Donduk Dashi, Khan (1741–1761)
  • Ubashi, Khan (1761–1771)
  • Dodbi, Khan (1771–1781)
  • As Saray, Khan (1781)

East[]

China: Qing dynasty

  • Qing dynasty (complete list) –
  • Kangxi, Emperor (1661–1722)
  • Yongzheng, Emperor (1722–1735)
  • Qianlong, Emperor (1735–1796)
  • Jiaqing, Emperor (1796–1820)

Japan

  • Tokugawa shogunate of Japan
  • Emperors (complete list) –
  • Higashiyama, Emperor (1687–1709)
  • Nakamikado, Emperor (1709–1735)
  • Sakuramachi, Emperor (1735–1747)
  • Momozono, Emperor (1747–1762)
  • Go-Sakuramachi, Emperor (1762–1771)
  • Go-Momozono, Emperor (1771–1779)
  • Kōkaku, Emperor (1780–1817)
  • Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Shōgun (1680–1709)
  • Tokugawa Ienobu, Shōgun (1709–1712)
  • Tokugawa Ietsugu, Shōgun (1713–1716)
  • Tokugawa Yoshimune, Shōgun (1716–1745)
  • Tokugawa Ieshige, Shōgun (1745–1760)
  • Tokugawa Ieharu, Shōgun (1760–1786)
  • Tokugawa Ienari, Shōgun (1787–1837)
Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

Korea

  • Joseon (complete list) –
  • Sukjong, King (1674–1720)
  • Gyeongjong, King (1720–1724)
  • Yeongjo, King (1724–1776)
  • Jeongjo, King (1776–1800)
  • Sunjo, King (1800–1834)

Southeast[]

Brunei

  • Bruneian Empire (complete list) –
  • , Sultan (1690–1710)
  • , Sultan (1710–1730, 1737–1740)
  • , Sultan (1730–1737)
  • Omar Ali Saifuddin I, Sultan (1740–1778)
  • , Sultan (1778–1804, 1804–1807)

Cambodia

  • Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –
  • Chey Chettha IV, King (1675–1695, 1696–1699, 1700–1702, 1703–1706)
  • Thommoreachea III or Sri Dhamaraja III, King (1702–1703, 1706–1709, 1738–1747)
  • Barom Ramadhipati or Kaev Hua III, King (1699–1700, 1710–1722)
  • Satha II or Paramaraja X, King (1722–1729, 1729–1736, 1749)
  • Thommoreachea IV or Sri Dhamaraja IV, King (1747)
  • Ang Sngoun, King (1749–1755)
  • Ang Tong, King (1755–1758)
  • Outey II, King (1758–1775)
  • Ang Non II, King (1775–1779)
  • Ang Eng, King (1777–1796)

Indonesia

  • Dutch East Indies (complete list) –
Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe
Indonesia: Java
  • Abdul Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin, Sultan (1690–1733)[47]
  • Abdul Fatah Muhammad Syafei, Sultan (1733–1748)
  • , Regent (1748–1750)
  • Abu’lma’ali Muhammad Wasi al-Halimin, Sultan (1750–1753)
  • Abu Nazar Muhammad Arif Zainal Asyekin, Sultan (1753–1777)
  • Abdul Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin I, Sultan (1777–1802)
  • Blambangan Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Pangeran Putr, King (1697–1736)
  • Danuningrat, King (1736–1763)
  • Pangeran Wilis, King (1767–1768)
  • Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin, Sultan (1697–1723)
  • Cirebon I Muhammad Akbaruddin, Sultan (1723–1734)
  • Cirebon II Muhammad Salihuddin, Sultan (1734–1758)
  • Cirebon III Muhammad Harruddin, Sultan (1758–1768)[48]
  • Sepuh II Jamaluddin, Sultan (1697–1723)[49]
  • Sepuh III Muhammad Zainuddin, Sultan (1723–1753)
  • Sepuh IV Muhammad Zainuddin, Sultan (1753–1773)
  • Sepuh V Sapiuddin, Sultan (1773–1786)
  • Sepuh VI, Sultan (1786–1791)
  • Sepuh VII Joharuddin, Sultan (1791–1816)
  • Anom I Badruddin, Sultan (1662–1703)[49]
  • Anom II, Sultan (1703–1706)
  • Anom III Muhammad Alimuddin, Sultan (1719–1732)
  • Anom IV Khairuddin, Sultan (1744–1797)
  • Anom V Imanuddin, Sultan (1797–1807)
  • Cirebon, Panembahan line (complete list) –
  • Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad Nasruddin, Sultan (1662–1714)[49]
  • Panembahan Cirebon II Muhammad Muhyiddin, Sultan (1725–1731)
  • Panembahan Cirebon III Muhammad Tair Yarini Sabirin, Sultan (1752–1773)
  • Cirebon, Panembahan line (complete list) –
  • Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin, Sultan (1697–1723)[49]
  • Cirebon I Muhammad Akbaruddin, Sultan (1723–1734)
  • Cirebon II Muhammad Salihuddin, Sultan (1734–1758)
  • Cirebon III Muhammad Harruddin, Sultan (1758–1768)
  • Bangkalan
  • Cakraningrat II, Sultan (1648–1707)[50]
  • Cakraningrat III, Sultan (1707–1718)
  • Cakraningrat IV, Sultan (1718–1745)
  • Cakraningrat V, Sultan (1745–1770)
  • Cakraningrat VI, Sultan (1770–1780)
  • Cakraningrat VII, Sultan (1780–1815)
  • Mataram Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Amangkurat II, Susuhunan (1677–1703)
  • Amangkurat III, Susuhunan (1703–1704)
  • Pakubuwono I, Susuhunan (1704–1719)
  • Amangkurat IV, Susuhunan (1719–1726)
  • Pakubuwono II, Susuhunan (1726–1749)
  • Pakubuwono III, Susuhunan of Mataram (1749–1755); Susuhunan of Surakarta (1755–1788)
Split into Surakarta and Yogyakarta
  • Sumenep
  • Pulang Jiwa, Sultan (1684–1702)[51]
  • Cakranegara I, Sultan (1702–1705)
  • Suderma, Sultan (1705–1707)
  • Cakranegara II, Sultan (1707–1737)
  • Cakranegara III, Sultan (1737–1750)
  • Bendara Saud, Sultan (1750–1767)
  • Tirtanegara, Sultan (1767–1811)
  • Pamekasan
  • Adikara I, Sultan (1685–1708)[52]
  • Adikara II, Sultan (1708–1737)
  • Adikara III, Sultan (1737–1743)
  • Adikara IV, Sultan (1743–1750)
  • Adiningrat, Sultan (1750–1752)
  • Aria Cakraadiningrat I, R. Alsari, Sultan (1752–1800)
  • Aria Cakraadiningrat II, R. Alsana, Sultan (1800–1804)
  • Pasuruan
  • Surapati, Wiranegara I, Sultan (1686–1706)[53]
  • Wiranegara II, Sultan (1706–1707)
  • Surakarta Sunanate (complete list) –
  • Pakubuwono III, Susuhunan of Mataram (1749–1755); Susuhunan of Surakarta (1755–1788)[54]
  • Pakubuwono IV, Sultan (1788–1820)
  • Yogyakarta Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Hamengkubuwono I, Sultan (1755–1792)[55]
  • Hamengkubuwono II, Sultan (1792–1810, 1811–1812, 1826–1828)
  • Mangkunegaran (complete list) –
Indonesia: Sumatra
  • Aceh Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Tuanku Panglima Paderap, Sultan (1698–1728)
  • Tuanku Panglima Pasutan, Sultan (1728–1761)
  • Tuanku Panglima Gandar Wahid, Sultan (1761–1805)
  • Sultanate of Langkat
  • Bendahara Raja Badiuzzaman, Raja (1673–1750)
  • Kejuruan Hitam (Tuah Hitam), Raja (1750–1818)
  • Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (complete list) –
  • Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah I, Sultan (1725–1746)
  • Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah II, Sultan (1746–1765)
  • Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Shah, Sultan (1765–1766)
  • Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Shah, Sultan (1766–1780)
  • Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1780–1782)
  • Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1782–1784)
  • Al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi, Sultan (1784–1810)
  • Sultanate of Serdang (complete list) –
  • Kejeruan Junjungan, Raja (1728–1782)
  • Al-Marhum Kacapuri, Raja (1782–1822)
  • Riau-Lingga Sultanate
  • Sultans
  • Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)
  • , Sultan (1718–1722)
  • Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1722–1760)
  • Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1760–1761)
  • Ahmad Riayat Shah, Sultan (1761–1761)
  • Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)
  • Yang di-Pertuan Muda
  • Daeng Marewah, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1722–1728)
  • Daeng Chelak, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1728–1745)
  • Daeng Kemboja, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1745–1777)
  • Haji, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1777–1784)
  • Ali, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1784–1805)
  • Jambi Sultanate
    Sultan Sri Maharaja Batu, Sultan (1690–1721)
    Ahmad Zainuddin/ Anom Sri Ingalaga, Sultan (1770–1790)
    Ratu Seri Ingalaga, Sultan (1790–1812)
Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)
  • Sultanate of Banjar (complete list) –
  • Tahmidullah I, Sultan (1700–1717)
  • Panembahan Kasuma Dilaga, Sultan (1717–1730)
  • Hamidullah, Sultan (1730–1734)
  • Tamjidullah I, Sultan (1734–1759)
  • Muhammadillah/Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah, Sultan (1759–1761)
  • Tahmidullah II/Sultan Nata, Sultan (1761–1801)
  • Bulungan
  • Digendung, putra Wira Keranda, Wira (1695–1731)
  • Amir, Putera Wira Digendung Gelar Sultan Amiril Mukminin, Wira (1731–1777)
  • Aji Muhammad, Sultan (1777–1817)
  • Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate
  • Aji Muhammad Idris, Sultan (c.1732–1739)
  • Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin, Sultan (1780s)
  • Lanfang Republic
  • Luo Fangbo, President (1777–1795)
  • Jiang Wubo, President (1795–1799)
  • Yan Sibo, President (1799–1804)
  • Pontianak Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie, Sultan (1771–1808)
  • Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) –
  • Muhammad Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1685–1708)
  • Umar Aqam ud-din I, Sultan (1708–1732)
  • Abu Bakar Kamal ud-din I, Sultan (1732–1764)
  • Umar Akam ud-din II, Sultan (1764–1786)
  • Achmad Taj ud-din II, Sultan (1786–1793)
  • Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1793–1815)
  • Sri Paduka Muhammad Shams ud-din Sa'id ul-Khairiwaddien Sultan Nata, Sultan (1672–1738)
  • Sri Paduka 'Abdu'l Rahman Muhammad Jalal ud-din ibni al-Marhum Muhammad Shams ud-din Sa'id ul-Khairiwaddien Aman, Sultan (1738–1786)
  • Sri Paduka 'Abdu'l Rashid Muhammad Jamal ud-din ibni al-Marhum 'Abdu'l Rahman Muhammad Jalal ud-din Ajib, Sultan (1786–1796)
  • Sri Paduka Muhammad Qamar ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Rashid Muhammad Jamal ud-din, Sultan (1796–1851)
Indonesia: Sulawesi
  • Sultanate of Gowa
  • Abdul Jalil, Sultan (1677–1709)
  • Ismail, Sultan (1709–1711)
  • Sirajuddin, Sultan (1711–?)
  • Najamuddin, Sultan (18th century)
  • Sirajuddin, Sultan (1735–1735)
  • Abdul Khair, Sultan (1735–1742)
  • Abdul Kudus, Sultan (1742–1753)
  • Amas Madina Batara Gowa, Sultan (1753–1767)
  • I Mallisujawa Daeng Riboko Arungmampu, Sultan (1767–1769)
  • Zainuddin, Sultan (1770–1778)
  • I Manawari Karaeng Bontolangkasa, Sultan (1778–1810)
  • Luwu
  • Settiaraja, Datu (1663–1704)
  • La Onro Topalaguna, Datu (1704–1715)
  • Batari Tungke, Datu (1706–1715)
  • Batari Tojang, Datu (1715–1748)
  • We Tenri Leleang, Datu (1748–1778)
  • Tosibengngareng, Datu (1760–1765)
  • La Tenri Peppang, Datu (1778–1810)
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
  • Kingdom of Larantuka
  • Domingos Viera, Raja (c.1702)
  • Bima Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Hasanuddin Muhammad Ali Syah, Sultan (1697–1731)
  • Alauddin Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1731–1748)
  • Kamalat Syah, Sultan (1748–1751)
  • Abdul Kadim Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1751–1773)
  • Abdul Hamid Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1773–1817)
Indonesia: West Timor
  • Wehali
  • Jacinto Correia, Liurai (c.1756)
  • Don Louis Nai Konof, Raja (pre-1751–1766)
  • Don Joan Benao, Raja (1766–?)
  • Amarasi (complete list) –
  • Dom Affonco, Raja (c.1703)[57]
  • Dom Augusto Fernandes, Raja (c.1703)
  • Nai Soti, Raja (c.1714)
  • Dom Luís Hornay, Raja (pre-1749–1752)
  • Dom Affonco Hornay, Raja (1752–1774)
  • Don Rote Ruatefu, Raja (1774–1802)
  • Amabi (complete list) –
  • Ama Kefi Meu, Raja (1666–1704)
  • Ama Kefi, Raja (1704–1725)
  • Loti, Raja (1725–1732)
  • Nai Balas, Raja (1732–1755)
  • Balthazar Loti, Raja (1755–1790)
  • Osu I, Raja (1791–1795)
  • Slolo, Raja (1795–c.1797)
  • Afu Balthazar, Raja (c.1797–pre-1824)
  • Sonbai Besar (complete list) –
  • Dom Pedro Sonbai/ Tomenu, Emperor (c.1704–1726)[58]
  • Dom Alfonso Salema/ Nai Bau Sonbai, Emperor (pre-1748–1752)
  • Don Bernardo/ Nai Sobe Sonbai I, Emperor (1752–1760)
  • Albertus Johannes Taffy/ Nai Tafin Sonbai, Emperor (1760–1768)
  • Alphonsus Adrianus/ Nai Kau Sonbai, Emperor (1768–1802)
  • Sonbai Kecil (complete list) –
  • Bi Sonbai/ Usi Tetu Utang, Queen (1672–1717)[58]
  • Bernardus Leu, Raja (1717–1726)
  • Corneo Leu, Raja (1728–1748)
  • Daniel Taffy Leu, Raja (1748–1760)
  • Jacobus Albertus Taffy, Raja (1760–1776)
  • Nai Kau Sonbai, Raja (1776–1783)
  • Baki Bena/ Bernardus Nisnoni, Raja (1783–1795)
  • Dirk Hendrik Aulasi, Raja (1795–1798)
  • Nube Bena/ Pieter Nisnoni I, Raja (1798–1820)
  • Don Michel, Raja (pre-1749–1751)
  • Don Louis, Raja (1751–1770)
  • Don Jacobus Albertus, Raja (1770–1786)
  • Tobani, Raja (1786–c.1807)
Indonesia: Maluku Islands
  • Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –
Dutch protectorate 1667–1942
  • Alauddin II, Sultan (1660–1706)[59]
  • Musa Malikuddin, Sultan (1706–1715)
  • Kie Nasiruddin, Sultan (1715–1732)
  • Hamza Tarafan Nur, Sultan (1732–1741)
  • Muhammad Sahaddin, Sultan (1741–1780)
  • Skandar Alam, Sultan (1780–1788)
  • Muhammad Badaruddin, Sultan (1788–1797)
  • Kamarullah, Sultan (1797–1826)
  • Sultanate of Jailolo
British occupation 1799–1802
  • Muhammad Arif Bila, Sultan (1797–1806)[60]
Dutch protectorate 1657–1905
  • Hamza Faharuddin, Sultan (1689–1705)[61]
  • Abdul Falali Mansur, Sultan (1705–1708)
  • Hasanuddin, Sultan (1708–1728)
  • Amir Muiduddin Malikulmanan, Sultan (1728–1757)
  • Amir Muhammad Masud Jamaluddin, Sultan (1757–1779)
  • Gayjira, Sultan (regent 1779–1780)
  • Patra Alam, Sultan (1780–1783)
  • Hairul Alam Kamaluddin, Sultan (1784–1797)
  • Nuku, Muhammad al-Mabus Amiruddin Syah, Sultan (1797–1805)
  • Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –
Dutch protectorate 1683–1915
  • Said Fathullah, Sultan (1689–1714)
  • Amir Iskandar Zulkarnain Saifuddin, Sultan (1714–1751)
  • Ayan Shah, Sultan (1751–1754)
  • Syah Mardan, Sultan (1755–1763)
  • Jalaluddin, Sultan (1763–1774)
  • Harun Shah, Sultan (1774–1781)
  • Achral, Sultan (1781–1796)
  • Muhammad Yasin, Sultan (1796–1801)

Laos

  • Lan Xang (complete list) –
  • Setthathirath II, King (1700–1707)
  • Kingdom of Vientiane (complete list) –
  • Setthathirath II, King (1707–1735)
  • Ong Long, King (1735–1767)
Vassal to Burma (1765–1768)
  • Ong Boun, King (1767–1778, 1780–1781)
Vassal to Siam (1778–1826)
  • Phraya Supho, Siamese Governor (1778–1780)
  • Ong Boun, King (1767–1778, 1780–1781)
  • Nanthasen, King (1781–1794)
  • , King (1795–1805)
  • , King (1723–1751)
  • Ong Lo, King (1751–1779)
  • Somphou, King (1779–1803)
  • Kingdom of Champasak (complete list) –
  • Nokasad, King (1713–1737)
  • Sayakumane, King (1737–1791)
  • Fay Na, King (1791–1811)
  • Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (complete list) –
  • Kingkitsarat, King (1707–1713)
  • Ong Kham, King (1713–1723)
  • Inthasom, King (1723–1749)
  • Inthaphom, King (1749)
  • Sotika Koumane, King (1749–1771)
Vassal to Burma (1765–1779)
  • Suriyawong, King (1771–1779)
  • Anourouth, King (1791–1817)

Malaysia: Peninsular

  • Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah, Sultan, (1698–1706)
  • Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I, Sultan, (1706–1710)
  • Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah II, Sultan, (1710–1778)
  • Abdullah Mukarram Shah, Sultan, (1778–1797)
  • Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II, Sultan, (1797–1803)
  • Kelantan Sultanate (complete list) –
Champa dynasty
  • , Sultan (1675–1721)
Patani dynasty
  • , Raja (1721–1734)
  • , Raja (1734–1739, 1746–1756)
  • , Sultan (1756–1758)
  • , Sultan (1758–1763)
  • , Sultan (1765–1795)
  • , Sultan (1795–1800)
  • , Sultan (1800–1835)
  • Johor Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Abdul Jalil Shah IV, Sultan (1699–1720)
  • , Sultan (1718–1722)
  • Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1722–1760)
  • Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1760–1761)
  • Ahmad Riayat Shah, Sultan (1761–1761)
  • Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)
  • Perak Sultanate: Siak dynasty (complete list) –
  • Mahmud Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1653–1720)
  • Alauddin Mughayat Shah, Sultan (1720–1728)
  • Muzaffar Riayat Shah III, Sultan of Upper Perak (1728–1752)
  • Muhammad Mughayat Shah, Sultan of Lower Perak (1744–1750)
  • Iskandar Zulkarnain, Sultan (1752–1765)
  • Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1765–1773)
  • Alauddin Mansur Shah Iskandar Muda, Sultan (1773–1786)
  • Ahmaddin Shah, Sultan (1786–1806)
  • Terengganu Sultanate (complete list) –
  • , Sultan (1725–1733)
  • , Sultan (1733–1793)
  • , Sultan (1793–1808)
  • Selangor Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Raja Lumu, Sultan (1745–1778)
  • Ibrahim Shah, Sultan (1778–1826)
  • Negeri Sembilan (complete list) –
  • Melewar, Yamtuan (1773–1795)
  • , Yamtuan (1795–1808)
  • Perlis (complete list) –
  • Syed Abu Bakar Harun Jamalullail, Penghulu (1797–1825)[62]

Myanmar / Burma

  • Kingdom of Mrauk U (complete list) –
  • Sanda Wimala I, King (1700–1707)
  • Sanda Thuriya II, King (1707–1710)
  • Sanda Wizaya, King (1710–1731)
  • Sanda Thuriya III, King (1731–1734)
  • Naradipati II, King (1734–1735)
  • Narapawara, King (1735–1737)
  • Sanda Wizala, King (1737–1738)
  • Madarit, King (1738–1743)
  • Nara Apaya, King (1743–1761)
  • Thirithu, King (1761–1762)
  • Sanda Parama, King (1762–1764)
  • Apaya, King (1764–1774)
  • Sanda Thumana, King (1774–1777)
  • Sanda Wimala II, King (1777–1777)
  • Sanda Thaditha, King (1777–1782)
  • Maha Thammada, King (1782–1785)
  • Toungoo dynasty (complete list) –
  • Smim Htaw Buddhaketi, King (1740–1747)
  • Binnya Dala, King (1747–1757)
  • Alaungpaya, King (1752–1760)
  • Naungdawgyi, King (1760–1763)
  • Hsinbyushin, King (1763–1776)
  • Singu, King (1776–1782)
  • Phaungka, King (1782)
  • Bodawpaya, King (1782–1819)

Philippines

  • Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –
  • , Sultan (1685–1710)
  • , Sultan (1710–1718)
  • , Sultan (1718–1732)
  • , Sultan (1732–1735)
  • Azim ud-Din I, Sultan (1735–1748, 1764–1773)
  • , Sultan (1748–1763)
  • , Sultan (1773–1778)
  • Azim ud-Din II, Sultan (1763–1764, 1778–1791)
  • , Sultan (1789–1808)
  • Sultanate of Maguindanao (complete list) –
  • Kahar Ud-din Kuda, Sultan (?–1702)
  • Bayan Ul-Anwar, Sultan (1702–1736)
  • Muhammad Tahir Ud-din, Sultan (1736–?)
  • Pakir Maulana Kamsa, Sultan (1734–1755)
  • Pahar Ud-din, Sultan (1755–?)
  • Kibad Sahriyal, Sultan (c.1780–c.1805)
  • Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) –
Colony, 1565–1901
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Thailand

  • Ayutthaya Kingdom: Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (complete list) –
  • Phetracha, King (1688–1703)
  • Suriyenthrathibodi, King (1703–1709)
  • Thai Sa, King (1709–1733)
  • Borommakot, King (1733–1758)
  • Uthumphon, King (1758)
  • Ekkathat, King (1758–1767)
  • Lan Na: Burmese rule (complete list) –
  • , King (1675–1707)
  • , King (1707–1727)
  • Thepsing, King (1727)
  • Ong Kham, King (1727–1759)
  • , King (1759–1761)
  • Khihut, King (1761–1763)
  • , King (1763–1768)
  • , King (1768–1775)
  • Lampang
  • Thipchang, King (1732–1759)
  • Chaikaeo, Prince (1759–1774)
  • Kawila, Prince of Lampang (1774–1782), King of Chiang Mai (1802–1813)
  • Pattani Kingdom: First Kelantanese dynasty (complete list) –
  • Emas Kelantan, Raja (1690–1704 or 1670–1698)
  • Emas Chayam, Queen (1704–1707 or 1698–1702 and 1716–1718)
  • Dewi, Raja (1707–1716)
  • Bendang Badan, Raja (1716–1720 or ?–1715)
  • Laksamana Dajang, Raja (1720–1721)
  • Alung Yunus, Raja (1718/28–1729)
  • Yunus, Raja (1729–1749)
  • Long Nuh, Raja (1749–1771)
  • Muhammad, Sultan (1771–1785)
  • Tengku Lamidin, ruler (1785–1791)
  • Datuk Pengkalan, ruler (1791–1808)
  • Rama I, King (1782–1809)
  • Thonburi Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Taksin, King (1767–1782)

Timor

  • Portuguese Timor (complete list) –
Colony, 1702–1975
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Vietnam

  • Champa (complete list) –
  • Po Saktirai da putih, King (1695–1728)
  • Po Ganvuh da putih, King (1728–1730)
  • Po Thuttirai, King (1731–1732)
  • Po Rattirai, King (1735–1763)
  • Po Tathun da moh-rai, King (1763–1765)
  • Po Tithuntirai da paguh, King (1765–1780)
  • Po Tithuntirai da parang, King (1780–1781)
  • Chei Krei Brei, King (1783–1786)
  • Po Tithun da parang, King (1786–1793)
  • Po Lathun da paguh, King (1793–1799)
  • Po Chong Chan, King (1799–1822)

South[]

Afghanistan

  • Hotak dynasty (complete list) –
  • Mirwais Hotak, Emir (1709–1715)
  • Abdul Aziz Hotak, Emir (1715–1717)
  • Mahmud Hotaki, Emir (1717–1725)
  • Ashraf Hotaki, Emir (1725–1729)
  • Hussain Hotaki, Emir (1729–1738)
  • Durrani Empire (complete list) –
  • Ahmad Shah Durrani, Emir (1738–1772)
  • Timur Shah Durrani, Emir (1772–1793)
  • Zaman Shah Durrani, Emir (1793–1801)

Sri Lanka

  • Dutch Ceylon (complete list) –
Colony, 1656–1796
For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

West[]

Bahrain

  • Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Khalifa, Hakim (1783–1796)
  • , Hakim (1796–1825)
  • , Hakim (1796–1843)

Cyprus

Iran

  • Safavid Iran (complete list) –
  • Sultan Husayn, Shah (1694–1722)
  • Tahmasp II, Shah (1722–1732)
  • Abbas III, Shah (1732–1736)
  • Persia: Afsharid dynasty (complete list) –
  • Nader Shah, Shah (1736–1747)
  • Adil Shah, Shah (1747–1748)
  • Ebrahim Afshar, Shah (1748)
  • Shahrokh Afshar, Shah (1748–1796)
  • Persia: Zand dynasty (complete list) –
  • Persia: Qajar dynasty (complete list) –
  • Agha Mohammad Khan, Shah (1789–1797)
  • Fath-Ali, Shah (1797–1834)
  • Baban (complete list) –
  • , Prince (1670–1703)
  • , Prince (1721–1731)
  • , Prince (1732–1742)
  • , Prince (1742–1754)
  • , Prince (1754–1765)
  • , Prince (1765–1775)
  • , Prince (1775–1777)
  • , Prince (1777–1780)
  • , Prince (1780–1782)
  • , Prince (1782–1803)

Iraq

Israel

Jordan

Kuwait

  • Sheikhdom of Kuwait (complete list) –
  • Sabah I, Sheikh (1752–1762)
  • Abdullah I, Sheikh (1762–1814)

Lebanon

Oman

  • Omani Empire and Imamate of Oman: Yaruba dynasty (complete list) –
  • Saif bin Sultan, Imam (1692–1711)
  • Sultan bin Saif II, Imam (1711–1718)
  • Saif bin Sultan II, Imam (1718–1719) First reign
  • Muhanna bin Sultan, Imam (1719–1720)
  • Saif bin Sultan II, Imam (1720–1722) Second reign
  • Ya'arab bin Bel'arab, Imam (1722–1722)
  • Saif bin Sultan II, Imam (1722–1724) Third reign
  • Muhammad bin Nasir, Imam (1724–1728) Not a member of the dynasty
  • Saif bin Sultan II, Imam (1728–1742) Fourth reign; at first in the coastal area only
  • Bal'arab bin Himyar, Imam (1728–1737) First reign; in the interior
  • Sultan bin Murshid, Imam (1742–1743)
  • Bal'arab bin Himyar, Imam (1743–1749) Second reign; in the interior
  • Omani Empire and Imamate of Oman: Al Busaidi dynasty (complete list) –
  • Ahmad bin Said, Sultan (1749–1783)
  • Said bin Ahmad, Sultan (1783–1784)
  • Hamad bin Said, Sultan (1784–1792)
  • Sultan bin Ahmad, Sultan (1792–1804)

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

  • Bani Khalid Emirate (complete list) –
  • Sa'dun bin Muhammad, Emir (1691–1722)
  • Ali bin Muhammad, Emir (1722–1736)
  • Suleiman bin Muhammad, Emir (1736–1752)
  • Urayar bin Dajeen bin Saadoun, Emir (1752–1774)
  • Bateen Bin Urayer, Emir (1775–1793)
  • Dajeen bin Urayer, Emir (1774–1774)
  • Sa'dun bin Urayer, Emir (1774–1786)
  • Dwaihis Bin Urayer, Emir (1786–1789)
  • Muhammad Bin Urayer, Emir (1786–1789)
  • Abdul Mohsen bin Sadah, Emir (1786–1791)
  • Zaid bin Urayer, Emir (1789–1793)
  • , Emir (1793–1796)
  • Emirate of Diriyah (complete list) –
  • Muhammad bin Saud, Imam (1744–1765)
  • Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, Imam (1765–1803)

Syria

Turkey

  • Ottoman Empire
  • Sultans
  • Mustafa II, Sultan (1695–1703)
  • Ahmed III, Sultan (1703–1730)
  • Mahmud I, Sultan (1730–1754)
  • Osman III, Sultan (1754–1757)
  • Mustafa III, Sultan (1757–1774)
  • Abdul Hamid I, Sultan (1774–1789)
  • Selim III, Sultan (1789–1807)
  • Grand Viziers
  • Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1697–1702)
  • Daltaban Mustafa Pasha, Grand Vizier (1702–1703)
  • Rami Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1703)
  • , Grand Vizier (1703)
  • Damat Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1703–1704)
  • , Grand Vizier (1704)
  • Baltaji Mehmet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1704–1706)
  • Çorlulu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1706–1710)
  • Köprülü Numan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1710)
  • Baltaji Mehmet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1710–1711)
  • Ağa Yusuf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1711–1712)
  • Nişancı Süleyman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1712–1713)
  • , Grand Vizier (1713)
  • Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1713–1716)
  • Hacı Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1716–1717)
  • , Grand Vizier (1717–1718)
  • Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1718–1730)
  • , Grand Vizier (1730–1731)
  • , Grand Vizier (1731)
  • Topal Osman Pasha, Grand Vizier (1731–1732)
  • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1732–1735)
  • , Grand Vizier (1735–1736)
  • , Grand Vizier (1736–1737)
  • , Grand Vizier (1737)
  • , Grand Vizier (1737–1739)
  • Ivaz Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1739–1740)
  • Nişancı Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1740–1742)
  • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1742–1743)
  • Seyyid Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1743–1746)
  • , Grand Vizier (1746–1747)
  • Seyyid Abdullah Pasha, Grand Vizier (1747–1750)
  • Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1750–1752)
  • , Grand Vizier (1752–1755)
  • Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier (1755)
  • Naili Abdullah Pasha, Grand Vizier (1755)
  • , Grand Vizier (1755)
  • Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha, Grand Vizier (1755–1756)
  • , Grand Vizier (1756–1757)
  • Koca Ragıp Pasha, Grand Vizier (1757–1763)
  • , Grand Vizier (1763)
  • , Grand Vizier (1763–1765)
  • , Grand Vizier (1765–1768)
  • , Grand Vizier (1768)
  • , Grand Vizier (1768–1769)
  • , Grand Vizier (1769)
  • Ivazzade Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1769–1770)
  • , Grand Vizier (1770–1771)
  • , Grand Vizier (1771–1774)
  • Izzet Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1774–1775)
  • , Grand Vizier (1775–1777)
  • , Grand Vizier (1777–1778)
  • , Grand Vizier (1778–1779)
  • , Grand Vizier (1779–1781)
  • Izzet Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1781–1782)
  • , Grand Vizier (1782)
  • Halil Hamid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1782–1785)
  • , Grand Vizier (1785–1786)
  • Koca Yusuf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1786–1789)
  • , Grand Vizier (1789)
  • Hassan Pasha of Algiers, Grand Vizier (1789–1790)
  • , Grand Vizier (1790–1791)
  • Koca Yusuf Pasha, Grand Vizier (1791–1792)
  • , Grand Vizier (1792–1794)
  • Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1794–1798)
  • Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha, Grand Vizier (1798–1805)

United Arab Emirates

  • Emirate of Abu Dhabi
  • Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan, ruler (1761–1793)
  • Shakhbut bin Dhiyab Al Nahyan, ruler (1793–1816)
  • Emirate of Sharjah
  • Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi, ruler (1747–1777)
  • Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi, ruler (1777–1803)
  • Umm Al Quwain
  • Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah
  • Rahma Al Qasimi, ruler (1708–1731)
  • Matar bin Butti Al Qasimi, ruler (1731–1747)
  • Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi, ruler (1747–1777)
  • Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi, ruler (1777–1803)

Yemen

  • Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (complete list) –
  • Daha, Amir (18th century)
  • Yaslam ibn Daha, Amir (?)
  • `Ali ibn Yaslam, Amir (?)
  • `Amm Dayb ibn `Ali al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (?)
  • Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Munassar, Sultan (18th century)
  • Wahidi Balhaf of Ba´l Haf (complete list) –
  • al-Hadi ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (c.1670–1706)
  • al-Hasan ibn al-Hadi al-Wahidi, Sultan (1706–1766)
  • al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan al-Wahidi, Sultan (1766–1771)
  • Sa`id ibn al-Hasan al-Wahidi, Sultan (1771–1771)
  • Ahmad ibn al-Hadi al-Wahidi, Sultan (1771–1810)
  • Emirate of Beihan (complete list) –
  • Hasan, Amir (?)
  • Ghalib, Amir (c.1750–1800)
  • Hussein, Amir (c.1800–1820)
  • Kathiri (complete list) –
  • Badr ibn Dscha'far al-Kathir, Sultan (1690–1707)
  • 'Abdllah ibn Badr al-Kathir, Sultan (1707–1725)
  • 'Amr ibn Badr al-Kathir, Sultan (1725–1760)
  • Ahmad ibn 'Amr al-Kathir, Sultan (1760–1800)
  • Muhsin ibn Ahmad al-Kathir, Sultan (1800–1830)
  • Sultanate of Lahej
  • al-Fadl I ibn 'Ali al-Sallami al-'Abdali, Sultan (1728–1742)
  • 'Abd al-Karim I ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1742–1753)
  • 'Abd al-Hadi ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1753–1775)
  • al-Fadl II ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1775–1791)
  • Ahmad I ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1791–1827)
  • Mahra Sultanate
  • `Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (c.1750–1780)
  • Taw`ari ibn `Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (c.1780–1800)
  • Lower Yafa
  • Qahtan ibn Afif, ruler (1700–1720)
  • Sayf ibn Qahtan al-Afifi, ruler (1720–1740)
  • Ma`awda ibn Sayf al-Afifi, ruler (1740–1760)
  • Ghalib ibn Ma`awda al-Afifi, ruler (1760–1780)
  • Abd al-Karim ibn Ghalib al-Afifi, ruler (1780–1800)
  • Ali I ibn Ghalib al-Afifi, ruler (1800–1841)
  • Upper Yafa
  • `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Harhara, Sheikh (c.1730–1735)
  • Ahmad ibn `Ali Al Harhara, Sheikh (c.1735–1750)
  • Salih ibn Ahmad Al Harhara, Sheikh (c.1750–1780)
  • `Umar ibn Salih Al Harhara, Sheikh (c.1780–1800)

Europe[]

Balkans[]

Croatia

  • Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
  • Kings (complete list) –
part of the Habsburg Monarchy, also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown
House of Habsburg
  • Leopold I, King (1657–1705)
  • Joseph I, King (1705–1711)
  • Charles III, King (1711–1740)
  • Maria Theresa, Queen (1740–1780)
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
  • Joseph II, King (1780–1790)
  • Leopold II, King (1790–1792)
  • Francis, King (1792–1835)
  • Bans (complete list) –
  • Republic of Ragusa (complete list) –
  • , Rector (1702)
  • , Rector (1703)
  • , Rector (1706)
  • , Rector (1707)
  • , Rector (1708)
  • , Rector (1709)
  • , Rector (1710)
  • , Rector (1726)
  • , Rector (1727)
  • , Rector (1728)
  • , Rector (1729)
  • Giunio Resti, Rector (1730)
  • , Rector (1752)
  • , Rector (1754)
  • , Rector (1755)
  • , Rector (1756)
  • , Rector (1757)
  • , Rector (1758)
  • , Rector (1759)
  • , Rector (1761)
  • , Rector (1762)
  • , , Rector (1763)
  • , Rector (1764)
  • , Rector (1765)
  • , Rector (1766–?)
  • , Rector (1767)
  • , Rector (1768)
  • , Rector (1769)
  • , , Rector (1770)
  • , Rector (1773)
  • , Rector (1774)
  • , Rector (1775)
  • , Rector (1776)
  • , Rector (1777)
  • , , Rector (1796)
  • , Rector (1797)
  • , , , , Rector (1798)
  • , , Rector (1800)

Greece

  • Septinsular Republic
  •  [el], Prince (1800–1803)

Montenegro

  • Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (complete list) –
  • Danilo I, Prince-bishop (1696–1735)
  • Sava II, Prince-bishop (1735–1782)
  • Vasilije III, Prince-bishop (1750–1766)
  • Šćepan Mali, Prince-bishop (1768–1773)
  • Petar I, Prince-bishop (1782–1830)

British Isles[]

Great Britain and Ireland

  • Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Ireland (complete list, complete list) –
  • William II, King (1689–1702)
  • Anne, Queen (1702–1714)
  • Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland
  • Monarchs (complete list) –
  • Anne, Queen (1702–1714)
  • George I, King (1714–1727)
  • George II, King (1727–1760)
  • George III, King (1760–1820)
  • Prime ministers (complete list) –
  • Robert Walpole, Prime minister (1721–1742)
  • Spencer Compton, Prime minister (1742–1743)
  • Henry Pelham, Prime minister (1743–1754)
  • Thomas Pelham-Holles, Prime minister (1754–1756)
  • William Cavendish, Prime minister (1756–1757)
  • Thomas Pelham-Holles, Prime minister (1757–1762)
  • John Stuart, Prime minister (1762–1763)
  • George Grenville, Prime minister (1763–1765)
  • Charles Watson-Wentworth, Prime minister (1765–1766)
  • William Pitt the Elder, Prime minister (1766–1768)
  • Augustus FitzRoy, Prime minister (1768–1770)
  • Frederick North, Prime minister (1770–1782)
  • Charles Watson-Wentworth, Prime minister (1782)
  • William Petty, Prime minister (1782–1783)
  • William Cavendish-Bentinck, Prime minister (1783)
  • William Pitt the Younger, Prime minister (1783–1801)

Central[]

  • Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany
  • Emperors Elect, Kings
  • Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705)
  • Joseph I, Emperor Elect (1705–1711), King (1690–1711)
  • Charles VI, Emperor Elect, King (1711–1740)
  • Charles VII, Emperor Elect, King (1742–1745)
  • Francis I, Emperor Elect (1745–1765), King (1745–1764)
  • Joseph II, Emperor Elect (1765–1790), King (1764–1790)
  • Leopold II, Emperor Elect, King (1790–1792)
  • Francis II, Emperor Elect, King (1792–1806)
  • Reichsvizekanzler: Vice Chancellor
  • , Vice Chancellor (1698–1705)
  • , Vice Chancellor (1705–1734)
  • , Vice Chancellor (1734–1740)
  • , Vice Chancellor (1742–1745)
  • , Vice Chancellor (1745–1788)
  • , Vice Chancellor (1789–1806)

Austria

Habsburg monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles
  • Leopold I, (1657–1705)
  • Joseph I, (1705–1711)
  • Charles VI, (1711–1740)
  • Maria Theresa, (1740–1780)
Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs ruled under numerous simultaneous titles
  • Joseph II, (1780–1790)
  • Leopold II, (1790–1792)
  • Francis II, (1792–1835)

Bohemia

  • Kingdom of Bohemia (complete list) –
  • Leopold I, King (1656–1705)
  • Joseph I, King (1705–1711)
  • Charles III, King (1711–1740)
  • Maria Theresa, Queen (1740–1780)
  • Charles VII, anti-King (1741–1743)
  • Joseph II, King (1780–1790)
  • Leopold II, King (1790–1792)
  • Francis, King (1792–1835)

Hungary

  • Leopold I, King (1655–1705)
  • Joseph I, King (1687–1711)
  • Charles III, King (1711–1740)
  • Maria Theresa, Queen (1740–1780)
  • Joseph II, King (1780–1790)
  • Leopold II, King (1790–1792)
  • Francis, King (1792–1835)

Poland

  • Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)
  • Stanisław I, King and Grand Duke (1704–1709, 1733–1736)
  • August III the Saxon, King and Grand Duke (1733–1763)
  • Stanisław II August, King and Grand Duke (1764–1795)
  • Duchy/ Kingdom of Prussia, Electorate of Brandenburg (complete list, complete list) –
  • Frederick I, Duke (1688–1701), and King of Prussia (1701–1713), Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713)
  • Frederick William I, King, Elector (1713–1740)
  • Frederick II the Great, King, Elector (1740–1786)
  • Frederick William II, King, Elector (1786–1797)
  • Frederick William III, King (1797–1840), Elector (1797–1806)

East[]

  • Crimean Khanate (complete list) –
  • Devlet II Giray, Khan (1699–1702)
  • Selim I Giray, Khan (1702–1704)
  • , Khan (1704–1707)
  • Qaplan I Giray, Khan (1707–1708)
  • Devlet II Giray, Khan (1709–1713)
  • Qaplan I Giray, Khan (1713–1715)
  • , Khan (1716–1717)
  • , Khan (1717–1724)
  • , Khan (1724–1730)
  • Qaplan I Giray, Khan (1730–1736)
  • Fetih II Giray, Khan (1736–1737)
  • , Khan (1737–1740)
  • , Khan (1740–1743)
  • Selim II Giray, Khan (1743–1748)
  • , Khan (1748–1756)
  • Halim Giray, Khan (1756–1758)
  • Qırım Giray, Khan (1758–1764)
  • Selim III Giray, Khan (1765–1767)
  • , Khan (1767)
  • , Khan (1767–1768)
  • Qırım Giray, Khan (1768–1769)
  • , Khan (1769–1770)
  • Qaplan II Giray, Khan (1770)
  • Selim III Giray, Khan (1770–1771)
  • , Khan (1771–1775)
  • , Khan (1775–1777)
  • Şahin Giray, Khan (1777–1782)
  • Bahadır II Giray, Khan (1782)
  • Şahin Giray, Khan (1782–1783)
  • Augustus II the Strong, King and Grand Duke (1697–1706, 1709–1733)
  • Stanisław I, King and Grand Duke (1704–1709, 1733–1736)
  • August III the Saxon, King and Grand Duke (1733–1763)
  • Stanisław II August, King and Grand Duke (1764–1795)
  • Moldavia (complete list) –
  • Constantin Duca, Voivode (1693–1695, 1700–1703)
  • , Chancellor (1703, 1709–1710)
  • Mihail III Racoviță, Prince (1703–1705, 1707–1709, 1715–1726)
  • Antioh Cantemir, Prince (1695–1700, 1705–1707)
  • Dimitrie Cantemir, Voivode (1693, 1710–1711)
  • Nicolae Mavrocordat, Prince (1709–1710, 1711–1715)
  • , Kaymakam (1711)
  • Ioan Ι Mavrocordat, Prince (1711)
  • Grigore II Ghica, Prince (1726–1733, 1735–1739, 1739–1741, 1747–1748)
  • Constantin Mavrocordat, Prince (1733–1735, 1741–1743, 1748–1749, 1769)
  • Russian occupation (1739)
  • Ioan II Mavrocordat, Prince (1743–1747)
  • , Prince (1749)
  • Constantin Racoviță, Prince (1749–1753, 1756–1757)
  • Matei Ghica, Prince (1753–1756)
  • Scarlat Ghica, Prince (1757–1758)
  • Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince (1758–1761)
  • Grigore Callimachi, Prince (1761–1764, 1767–1769)
  • Grigore III Ghica, Prince (1764–1767, 1774–1777)
  • Russian occupation (1769–1774)
  • Constantin Moruzi, Prince (1777–1782)
  • Alexander Mavrocordatos Delibey, Prince (1782–1785)
  • Alexander Mavrocordatos Firaris, Prince (1785–1786)
  • Alexander Ypsilantis, Prince (1786–1788)
  • Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg, military commander of Austrian occupation (1787–1791)
  • Emanuel Giani Ruset, Prince (1788–1789)
  • Russian occupation (1788–1791)
  • Alexandru Moruzi, Prince (1792, 1802, 1806–1807)
  • Mihai Suțu, Prince (1793–1795)
  • Alexandru Callimachi, Prince (1795–1799)
  • Constantin Ipsilanti, Prince (1799–1801)
  • Tsardom of Russia (complete list) –
  • Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725)
  • Russian Empire (complete list) –
  • Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725)
  • Catherine I, Empress (1725–1727)
  • Peter II, Emperor (1727–1730)
  • Anna, Empress (1730–1740)
  • Ivan VI, Emperor (1740–1741)
  • Elizabeth, Empress (1741–1762)
  • Peter III, Emperor (1762)
  • Catherine II, Empress (1762–1796)
  • Paul, Emperor (1796–1801)
  • Principality of Wallachia (complete list) –
  • Constantin II Brâncoveanu, Prince (1688–1714)
  • Ștefan II Cantacuzino, Prince (1714–1715)
  • Phanariote rule (1715–1821)
  • Nicolae Mavrocordat, Prince (1715–1716, 1719–1730)
  • Habsburg occupation (1716)
  • Ioan Mavrocordat, Prince (1716–1719)
  • Constantin Mavrocordat, Prince (1730, 1731–1733, 1735–1741, 1744–1748, 1756–1758, 761–1763)
  • Mihai Racoviță, Prince (1730–1731, 1741–1744)
  • Grigore II Ghica, Prince (1733–1735, 1748–1752)
  • Matei Ghica, Prince (1752–1753)
  • Constantin Racoviță, Prince (1753–1756, 1763–1764)
  • Scarlat Ghica, Prince (1758–1761, 1765–1766)
  • Ștefan Racoviță, Prince (1764–1765)
  • Alexandru I Ghica, Prince (1766–1768)
  • Russian occupation (1768)
  • Grigore III Ghica, Prince (1768–1769)
  • Russian occupation (1769–1770)
  • Emanuel Giani Ruset, Prince (1770–1771)
  • Alexander Ypsilantis, Prince (1774–1782, 1796–1797)
  • Nicolae Caragea, Prince (1782–1783)
  • Mihai Suțu, Prince (1783–1786, 1791–1793, 1801–1802)
  • Nicolae Mavrogheni, Prince (1786–1789)
  • Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg, military commander (1789–1790)
  • Alexandru Moruzi, Prince (1793–1796, 1799–1801)
  • Constantin Hangerli, Prince (1797–1799)

Ukraine

1772–1795, crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy
  • Maria Theresa, Queen (1772–1780)
  • Joseph II, King (1780–1790)
  • Leopold II, King (1790–1792)
1795–1804, kingdom of the Habsburg Monarchy
  • Leopold II, King (1790–1792)
  • Francis II, King (1792–1835)

Nordic[]

Denmark–Norway

  • Frederick IV, King (1699–1730)
  • Christian VI, King (1730–1746)
  • Frederick V, King (1746–1766)
  • Christian VII, King (1766–1808)
  • Duchy of Schleswig (complete list) –
  • Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1695–1702)
  • Frederick IV of Denmark, Duke (1699–1730)
  • Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Duke (1702–1713)
  • Christian VI, Duke (1730–1746)
  • Frederick V, Duke (1746–1766)
  • Christian VII, Duke (1766–1808)

Sweden

  • Swedish Empire (complete list) –
  • Charles XII, King (1697–1718)
  • Sweden: Age of Liberty, Gustavian era (complete list) –
  • Ulrika Eleonora, Queen Regnant (1718–1720)
  • Frederick I, King (1720–1751)
  • Adolf Frederick, King (1751–1771)
  • Gustav III, King (1771–1792)
  • Gustav IV Adolf, King (1792–1809)

Southcentral[]

Italy: Holy Roman Empire

  • Cisalpine Republic (complete list) –
Sister Republic of the French First Republic, 1797–1802
For details see France under western Europe
  • Ligurian Republic
  • Girolamo Luigi Durazzo, Doge (1797–1805)
  • (complete list) –
client republic of France, 1797–1805
For details see France under western Europe
  • Duchy of Mantua (complete list) –
  • Ferdinando Carlo, Duke (1665–1708)
  • Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara (complete list) –
  • , Duke and Prince (1690–1710)
  • , Duke and Prince (1710–1715)
  • , Duke and Prince (1715–1731)
  • Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duke and Prince (1731–1790)
  • Maria Beatrice, Duchess and Princess (1790–1796, 1815–1829)
  • Duchy of Montferrat (complete list) –
  • Ferdinand Charles, Duke (1665–1708)
  • Kingdom of Sardinia (complete list) –
  • Victor Amadeus II, King (1720–1730)
  • Charles Emmanuel III, King (1730–1773)
  • Victor Amadeus III, King (1773–1796)
  • Charles Emmanuel IV, King (1796–1802)
  • Papal States (complete list) –
  • Innocent XII, Pope (1691–1700)
  • Clement XI, Pope (1700–1721)
  • Innocent XIII, Pope (1721–1724)
  • Benedict XIII, Pope (1724–1730)
  • Clement XII, Pope (1730–1740)
  • Benedict XIV, Pope (1740–1758)
  • Clement XIII, Pope (1758–1769)
  • Clement XIV, Pope (1769–1774)
  • Pius VI, Pope (1775–1799)
  • Pius VII, Pope (1800–1823)
  • Duchy of Parma (complete list) –
  • Francesco, Duke (1694–1727)
  • Antonio, Duke (1727–1731)
  • Charles I, Duke (1731–1735)
  • Charles II, Duke (1735–1740)
  • Maria Theresa, Duke (1740–1748)
  • Philip, Duke (1748–1765)
  • Ferdinand, Duke (1765–1802)
  • San Marino
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  • , , Captains Regent (1764)
  • , , Captains Regent (1764–1765)
  • , , Captains Regent (1765)
  • , , Captains Regent (1765–1766)
  • , , Captains Regent (1766)
  • , , Captains Regent (1766–1767)
  • , , Captains Regent (1767)
  • , , Captains Regent (1767–1768)
  • , , Captains Regent (1768)
  • , , Captains Regent (1768–1769)
  • , , Captains Regent (1769)
  • , , Captains Regent (1769–1770)
  • , , Captains Regent (1770)
  • , , Captains Regent (1770–1771)
  • , , Captains Regent (1771)
  • , , Captains Regent (1771–1772)
  • , , Captains Regent (1772)
  • , , Captains Regent (1772–1773)
  • , , Captains Regent (1773)
  • , , Captains Regent (1773–1774)
  • , , Captains Regent (1774)
  • , , Captains Regent (1774–1775)
  • , , Captains Regent (1775)
  • , , Captains Regent (1775–1776)
  • , , Captains Regent (1776)
  • , , Captains Regent (1776–1777)
  • , , Captains Regent (1777)
  • , , Captains Regent (1777–1778)
  • , / , Captains Regent (1778)
  • , , Captains Regent (1778–1779)
  • , , Captains Regent (1779)
  • , , Captains Regent (1779–1780)
  • , , Captains Regent (1780)
  • , , Captains Regent (1780–1781)
  • , , Captains Regent (1781)
  • , , Captains Regent (1781–1782)
  • , , Captains Regent (1782)
  • , , Captains Regent (1782–1783)
  • , , Captains Regent (1783)
  • , , Captains Regent (1783–1784)
  • , , Captains Regent (1784)
  • , , Captains Regent (1784–1785)
  • , , Captains Regent (1785)
  • , , Captains Regent (1785–1786)
  • , , Captains Regent (1786)
  • , , Captains Regent (1786–1787)
  • , , Captains Regent (1787)
  • , , Captains Regent (1787–1788)
  • , , Captains Regent (1788)
  • , , Captains Regent (1788–1789)
  • , , Captains Regent (1789)
  • , , Captains Regent (1789–1790)
  • , , Captains Regent (1790)
  • , , Captains Regent (1790–1791)
  • , , Captains Regent (1791)
  • Antonio Onofri, , Captains Regent (1791–1792)
  • , , Captains Regent (1792)
  • , , Captains Regent (1792–1793)
  • , , Captains Regent (1793)
  • , , Captains Regent (1793–1794)
  • , , Captains Regent (1794)
  • , , Captains Regent (1794–1795)
  • , , Captains Regent (1795)
  • , , Captains Regent (1795–1796)
  • , , Captains Regent (1796)
  • Antonio Onofri, , Captains Regent (1796–1797)
  • , , Captains Regent (1797)
  • , , Captains Regent (1797–1798)
  • , , Captains Regent (1798)
  • , , Captains Regent (1798–1799)
  • , , Captains Regent (1799)
  • , , Captains Regent (1799–1800)
  • , , Captains Regent (1800)
  • , , Captains Regent (1800–1801)
  • Grand Duchy of Tuscany (complete list) –
  • Cosimo III, Grand Duke (1670–1723)
  • Gian Gastone, Grand Duke (1723–1737)
  • Francesco Stefano, Grand Duke (1737–1765)
  • Leopoldo I, Grand Duke (1765–1790)
  • Ferdinando III, Grand Duke (1790–1801, 1814–1824)
  • Republic of Venice (complete list) –
  • Alvise II Mocenigo, Doge (1700–1709)
  • Giovanni II Cornaro, Doge (1709–1722)
  • Sebastiano Mocenigo, Doge (1722–1732)
  • Carlo Ruzzini, Doge (1732–1735)
  • Alvise Pisani, Doge (1735–1741)
  • Pietro Grimani, Doge (1741–1752)
  • Francesco Loredan, Doge (1752–1762)
  • Marco Foscarini, Doge (1762–1763)
  • Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo, Doge (1763–1779)
  • Paolo Renier, Doge (1779–1789)
  • Ludovico Manin, Doge (1789–1797)

Italy: Southern

  • Kingdom of Naples (complete list) –
  • Philip IV, King (1700–1713)
  • Charles VI, King (1713–1734/35)
  • Charles VII, King (1734–1759)
  • Ferdinand IV, King (1759–1799)
  • Jean Étienne Championnet, Military Dictator (1799)
  • Jacques MacDonald, Military Dictator (1799)
  • Ferdinand IV, King (1799–1806)
  • Kingdom of Trinacria: Sicily (complete list) –
  • Philip V, King (1700–1713)
  • Victor Amadeus, King (1713–1720)
  • Charles IV, King (1720–1735)
  • Charles V, King (1735–1759)
  • Ferdinand IV, King of Sicily (1759–1816), of Naples (1815–1816), of the Two Sicilies (1816–1825)

Malta

  • Hospitaller Malta (complete list) –
  • Malta Protectorate (complete list) –
British protectorate, 1800–1813
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
  • Gozo
  • Ferdinand, King (1798–1802)

Southwest[]

Andorra

  • Andorra
  • Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –
  • French Co-Princes (complete list) –
  • Louis XIV, French Co-Prince (1643–1715)
  • Louis XV, French Co-Prince (1715–1774)
  • Louis XVI, French Co-Prince (1774–1792)

Portugal

  • Kingdom of Portugal (complete list) –
  • Peter II, King (1683–1706)
  • John V, King (1706–1750)
  • Joseph I, King (1750–1777)
  • Maria I, Queen (1777–1816)

Spain

  • Monarchs (complete list) –
  • Charles of Austria, as Charles III, disputed King (1703–1715)
  • Philip V, King (1700–1724)
  • Louis I, King (1724)
  • Philip V, King (1724–1746)
  • Ferdinand VI, King (1746–1759)
  • Charles III, King (1759–1788)
  • Charles IV, King (1788–1808)

West[]

France

  • Louis XIV, King (1643–1715)
  • Louis XV, King (1715–1774)
  • Louis XVI, King (1774–1791 / 1791–1792)
  • Constitutional monarchy of France (complete list) –
  • Louis XVI, King (1774–1791 / 1791–1792)
  • French First Republic (complete list) –

French

  • Anjou (complete list) –
  • Louis the Beloved, Duke (1710–1715)
  • Philip, Duke (1730–1733)
  • Louis the Desired, Duke (1755–1795)
  • Corsican Republic
  • Pasquale Paoli, President (1755–1769)
  • Duchy of Nevers (complete list) –
  • Philippe Jules Mancini, Duke (1661–1707)
  • Philip Julius Francis Mancini, Duke (1707–1768)
  • Louis-Jules Mancini, Duke (1768–1798)

Low Countries

  • United Provinces: Dutch Republic
  • Stadtholders (complete list) –
  • William III, Stadtholder (1672–1702)
  • William IV, Stadtholder (1747–1751)
  • William V, Stadtholder (1751–1795)
  • Anthonie Heinsius, Grand Pensionary (1689–1720)
  • Isaac van Hoornbeek, Grand Pensionary (1720–1727)
  • Simon van Slingelandt, Grand Pensionary (1727–1736)
  • Anthonie van der Heim, Grand Pensionary (1737–1746)
  • Willem Buys, Grand Pensionary (1746)
  • Jacob Gilles, Grand Pensionary (1747–1749)
  • Pieter Steyn, Grand Pensionary (1749–1772)
  • Pieter van Bleiswijk, Grand Pensionary (1772–1787)
  • Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel, Grand Pensionary (1787–1795)
  • Batavian Republic (complete list) –
  • County of Artois (complete list) –
  • Philip V, Count (1700–1713)
  • Charles IV, Count (1713–1740)
  • Maria Theresa, Countess (1740–1780)
  • County of Drenthe (complete list) –
  • William III, Stadtholder (1696–1702)
  • Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1722)
  • William IV, Stadtholder (1722–1751)
  • William V, Stadtholder (1751–1795)
  • County of Flanders (complete list) –
  • Philip VII, Count (1700–1706)
  • Charles V, Count (1714–1740)
  • Maria Theresa, Countess (1740–1780)
  • Francis I, Count (1740–1765)
  • Joseph I, Count (1780–1790)
  • Leopold, Count (1790–1792)
  • Francis II, Count (1792–1835)
  • Lordship of Frisia (complete list) –
  • John William Friso, Stadtholder (1696–1711)
  • William IV, Stadtholder (1711–1747)
  • Lordship of Groningen (complete list) –
  • Henriette Amalia von Anhalt, Regent (1696–1707)
  • John William Friso, Stadtholder (1696–1711)
  • Marie Louise von Hessen-Kassel, regentess for William IV, Stadtholder (1711–1729)
  • William IV, Stadtholder (1711–1747)
  • Duchy of Guelders (complete list) –
  • William III, Stadtholder (1675–1702)
  • Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1722)
  • William IV, Stadtholder (1722–1747)
  • County of Holland, Lordship of Utrecht, County of Zeeland (complete list) –
  • William III, Stadtholder (1672–1702)
  • Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1747)
  • Lordship of Overijssel (complete list) –
  • William III, Stadtholder (1675–1702)
  • Second Stadtholderless Period, Stadtholder (1702–1747)
  • William IV, Stadtholder (1747–1751)
  • William V, Stadtholder (1751–1795)

Caucasus[]

Azerbaijan

  • Baku Khanate (complete list) –
  • Mirza Muhammad II, Khan (1797–1801)
  • Husayn Quli, Khan (1801–1806)
  • Ganja Khanate (complete list) –
  • Javad, Khan (1786–1804)
  • Nakhichevan Khanate (complete list) –[65]
  • Kalbali, Khan (1787–1823)
  • Ehsan Kangarlu,[66] Khan (1823–1828)
  • ,[67] Khan (1828–1834)
  • Quba Khanate (complete list) –
  • Shaykh Ali Agha, Khan (1791–1806)
  • Husayn, Khan (1806–1816)

Georgia

  • Principality of Abkhazia (complete list) –
  • , Prince (c.1700–1730)
  • Manuchar, Prince (c.1730–1750)
  • Zurab, Prince (c.1750–1780)
  • Keilash Ahmed-Bey, Prince (c.1780–1808)
  • Kingdom of Imereti (complete list) –
  • Simon, King (1699–1701)
  • Mamia III, King (1701–1702, 1711, 1713)
  • George VI, King (1702–1707)
  • George VII, King (1707–1711, 1712–1713, 1713–1716, 1719–1720)
  • George IV, King (1716)
  • Alexander V, King (1720–1741, 1741–1746, 1749–1752)
  • George IX, King (1741)
  • Mamuka, King (1746–1749)
  • Solomon I, King (1752–1766, 1768–1784)
  • Teimuraz, King (1766–1768)
  • David II, King (1784–1789, 1790–1791)
  • Solomon II, King (1789–1790, 1792–1810)
  • Kingdom of Kakheti (complete list) –
direct Persian rule (1676–1703)
  • David II, King (1703–1722)
  • Constantine II, Ottoman vassal King (1722–1732)
  • Teimuraz II, Ottoman vassal King (1732–1735), Persian vassal King (1735–1744)
  • Heraclius II, King (1744–1762)
  • Kingdom of Kartli (complete list) –
  • Heraclius I, King (1688–1703)
  • George XI, King (1676–1688, 1703–1709)
  • Levan, King (1709)
  • Kaikhosro, King (1709–1711)
  • Jesse, King (1714–1716, 1724–1727)
  • Vakhtang VI, King (1716–1724)
  • Bakar, King (1716–1719)
  • Constantine II, King (1722–1732)
  • Ali Mirza, Viceroy (1735–c.1737)
  • Teimuraz II, King (1744–1762)
  • Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (complete list) –
  • Heraclius II, King (1762–1798)
  • George XII, King (1798–1800)
  • David Bagrationi, Regent (1800–1801)

Russia: Dagestan

  • Avar Khanate
  • Umma, Khan (1774–1801)
  • Gazikumukh Khanate (complete list) –
  • Surkhay ibn Muhammad, Khan (1789–1820)
  • Aslan ibn Shakhmardan, Khan (1820–1836)
  • Nutsal-Aga ibn Aslan, Khan (1836–1836)
  • Muhammad-Mirza ibn Aslan, Khan (1836–1838)
  • Ummu Kulsum-Beke, Khan (1838–1841)
  • Abdurrahman ibn Umar, Khan (1841–1847)
  • Aglar ibn Umar, Khan (1847–1859)
  • Jafar ibn Aglar, Khan (1877–1877)

Oceania[]

Australia[]

Australia

  • Colony of New South Wales (complete list) –
British colony, 1788–1900
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Pacific[]

Chile

  • Te Ravarava (Terava Rara), King (?)
  • Tehitehuke, King (?)
  • Te Rahai or Terahai, King (?)
  • Te Huke, King (?)
  • Tuu, from Mata Nui (Ko Tuu?), King (c.1770)
  • Hotu Iti, King (c.1773)
  • Honga, King (?)
  • Te Kena, King (?)

French Polynesia

  • , King
  • , King
  • , King (1748–1756)
  • unspecified, King (1756–1784)
  • , King (1784–c.1839)
  • , Ari'i Rahi (?–1778)
  • Tapoa I, King (1772–1812)
  • Kingdom of Huahine (complete list) –
  • Tehaʻapapa I, de facto paramount ruler (f) (1760–1790)
  • Teriʻitaria I, King (1790–1793)
  • Tenania, King (1793–1810)
  • , King (1784–?)
  • , King (late 18th century)
  • Latuka, King (?–1800)
  • , King (1800–1839)
  • Manuka, King (1767–1810)

New Zealand: Niue

  • Monarchy of Niue (complete list) –
  • Puni-mata, Patu-iki (c.1700–?)
  • Patua-valu, Patu-iki (?)

Tonga

  • Kafoamotalau, King (?)
  • Tuʻionukulave, King (?)
  • Silivakaifanga, King (?)
  • Fuatakifolaha, King (?)
  • Tupoulahi, King (?)
  • Maealiuaki, King (?)
  • Mumui, King (?)
  • Toafunaki, King (c.1790)
  • Mulikihaʻamea, King (?)

United Kingdom: Pitcairn

  • Fletcher Christian, Leader (1790–1793)
  • Ned Young, Leader (1793–1800)
  • John Adams, Leader (1800–1829)

United States: Hawaii

  • Kauai (complete list) –
  • , King (?–1730)
  • Peleioholani, King (1730–1770)
  • Kamakahelei, (female) King (1770–1794)
  • Kaumualiʻi, King of Kaua'i and Ni'ihau (1794–1810)
  • Hawaiian Kingdom (complete list) –
  • Kamehameha I, King (1795–1819)

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Delmond offers 1734–1748 for Koro's reign and 1748–1763 for that of Alfa.[15] More recent historians reverse the order of their rule; it is not clear whether the given regnal dates are accurate.[17]

References[]

  1. ^ Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17–19
  2. ^ Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
  3. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix
  4. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif
  5. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
  6. ^ Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
  7. ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
  8. ^ Njoku, Raphael (2013). The History of Somalia. ISBN 9780313378577.
  9. ^ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. p. 26. ISBN 9780810866041. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362. |volume= has extra text (help)
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
  12. ^ Hamaj Regents of the Funj Sultanate of Sinnar, accessed 2/1/2017
  13. ^ Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b Madiéga 1982, p. 117,123.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c Delmond, Paul (1949). "Esquisse geographique du Gourra central: Le cercle de Dori (Haute-Volta)". Notes Africaines (43): 57–60.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Madiéga 1982, p. 123.
  17. ^ Madiéga 1982, p. 117.
  18. ^ Tilho, J. (1911), Documents Scientifiques de la Mission Tilho (1906–1909) (in French), 2, Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, pp. 505–510
  19. ^ "Nigeria: Traditional polities". Rulers.Org. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
  20. ^ "Traditional States of Nigeria". World Statesmen. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  21. ^ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
  22. ^ Aimiuwu, O.E.I. Ashipa: the first Oba of Lagos. Nigeria Magazine, Issues 100–104, Government of Nigeria 1969. pp. 624–627. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  23. ^ Slavery and the Birth of an African City. p. 29.
  24. ^ Plainsail. "Erelu Abiola Docemo Foundation". eraffoundation.org.
  25. ^ "LAGOS". iinet.net.au. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  26. ^ Adewunmi Elegbede. "Kingdoms of Nigeria, The Nigerian Database of Rulers, Kings, Kingdoms, Political and Traditional Leaders". kingdomsofnigeria.com.
  27. ^ Jump up to: a b Slavery and the Birth of an African City. p. 46.
  28. ^ Ojo, Olatunji; Hunt, Nadine (2012-09-15). Slavery in Africa and the Caribbean: A History of Enslavement and Identity Since the 18th Century. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781780761152.
  29. ^ Barry, Boubacar, "Le royaume du Waalo": le Sénégal avant la conquête, Karthala, 1985, p 317, ISBN 2865371417
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b "John Hancock". History.com. Aug 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  31. ^ "Henry Laurens". Charles Pickney National Historic Site. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  32. ^ "John Jay". History.com. Aug 21, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b "Samuel Huntington Governor of Connecticut, 1786–1796". Museum of Connecticut History. 2015-08-14. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  34. ^ Bomboy, Scott (March 19, 2019). "Thomas McKean: A Founding Father with a double life". National Constitution Center.org. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  35. ^ Longley, Robert (Feb 28, 2019). "Was John Hanson the Real First President of the United States?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  36. ^ Stanley, Bill. "Elias Boudinot". Bill Stanley and the Forgotten Fathers. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  37. ^ "Governor Thomas Mifflin". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. August 25, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  38. ^ "Richard Henry Lee Biography". Biography.com. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  39. ^ "Nathaniel Gorham, Massachusetts". Constitutin Day.com. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  40. ^ "President Arthur St. Clair". Arthur St. Clair.com. October 26, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  41. ^ Stanley, Bill. "Cyrus Griffin". Bill Stanley and the Forgotten Fathers. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  42. ^ "George Washington". The White House.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  43. ^ "John Adams". The White House.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  44. ^ László Karoly (14 November 2014). A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan. BRILL. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-90-04-28498-2.
  45. ^ Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae. Könyvtár. 2006. p. 52.
  46. ^ Nil Sarı; International Society of the History of Medicine (2005). Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 845. ISBN 9789751618252.
  47. ^ Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9..
  48. ^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  49. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  50. ^ Sutherland (1973–1974).
  51. ^ Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
  52. ^ Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973–1974).
  53. ^ De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.
  54. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1232
  55. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233
  56. ^ De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233–4.
  57. ^ L.J. van Dijk, 'De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden', Indische Gids 47 1925 & 56 1934.
  58. ^ Jump up to: a b "Facts about Sonbai Kecil and Sonbai Besar by Hans Hagerdal". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
  59. ^ Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
  60. ^ The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
  61. ^ Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
  62. ^ "Dato' Yazid Mat, Page 4 and 5".
  63. ^ Markó 2000, p. 95.
  64. ^ Markó 2000, pp. 113-115.
  65. ^ Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia, Baku, 1983, vol. 7, p. 176
  66. ^ George A. Bournoutian (1998). Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797–1889. p. 516. ISBN 1568590687.
  67. ^ Martijn Theodoor Houtsma; et al. (eds.). "Nakhcuwan". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill Publishers. OCLC 8096647.
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