List of stellar streams

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Stellar streams in the Milky Way, discovered in 2007

This is a list of stellar streams. A stellar stream is an association of stars orbiting a galaxy that was once a globular cluster or dwarf galaxy that has now been torn apart and stretched out along its orbit by tidal forces. A notable exception in the list about Milky Way streams given below is the Magellanic Stream, composed of gas (mostly hydrogen).

Local Group streams[]

Milky Way streams[]

Recent stellar streams on the Milky Way studied by the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S⁵ collaboration) using the Anglo-Australian Telescope (2022)[1][2]
Known streams in the Milky Way[3]
Name Origin Mass
(solar masses) 		Length
(light-years) 		Composition Discovery year
Arcturus stream Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown Unknown Old stars deficient in heavy elements 1971[3]
Magellanic Stream Large and Small Magellanic Clouds 200 million 1 million Hydrogen gas 1972
Sagittarius Stream Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy 100 million 1 million Wide variety of stars 1994
Helmi stream Defunct dwarf galaxy 10—100 million Several complete loops around the Milky Way Old stars deficient in heavy elements 1999
Palomar 5 stream Globular cluster Palomar 5 5,000 30,000 Old stars 2001
Virgo stream Defunct dwarf galaxy 30,000 2001
Monoceros ring Canis Major Overdensity 100 million 200,000 Intermediate age stars 2002
Anticenter stream Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown 30,000 Old stars 2006
Globular cluster Metal-poor stars 2006[4]
NGC 5466 stream
45 Degree tidal stream 		Globular cluster NGC 5466 10,000 60,000 Very old stars 2006[5][6]
Unknown source (hence its name) Unknown[7] 20,000 Old stars 2006
Globular cluster 2007[5][8]
Embedded in, and possible progenitor of the Styx stream 2007[5][8]
Globular cluster 2007[5][8]
Globular cluster 2007[8]
Defunct dwarf galaxy (possibly Boötes III) 2007[5][8]
Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown Unknown Old stars 2009[9]
Aquarius Stream Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown 30,000 Old stars 2010
Lamost 1 Disrupted globular cluster 21,000 Intermediate-age stars 2015[10]
Disrupted globular cluster Unknown 8,000 Very old stars[11][12] 2016[13]
Fimbulthul stream Globular cluster Omega Centauri 318 2019[14]
Pisces-Eridanus stream disrupted cluster or association 2,000 1,300 very young (~120 Myr) nearby (260 - 870 light-years) stream[15] 2019 [16]
Nyx stream remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy — long-ago galaxy merger about 200 stars 2020[17][18]

Andromeda Galaxy streams[]

Known streams in the Andromeda Galaxy
Name Origin Mass
(solar masses) 		Length
(light-years) 		Composition Discovery year
M31 Giant stellar stream
Andromeda NE stellar stream[19] 2004
Tidal Stream Northwest (Tidal Stream E and F)[20] 2009
Tidal Stream Southwest[20] 2009

Streams beyond the Local Group[]

Other known streams outside the Local Group
Name Location Origin Mass
(solar masses) 		Length
(light-years) 		Composition Characteristics Discovery year
Young Blue Tidal Stream[21] NGC 5128 A gas fragment or
a dwarf galaxy 		2002
NGC 4013[22] former dwarf satellite
with low inclination orbit 		large looping structure 2008
NGC 5907[23] low-mass satellite accretion multiple surrounding loops 2009
NGC 4651[24] satellite accretion narrow jet-like structure and surrounding debris shell 2010
NGC 3521[24] satellite accretion jet-like structure and surrounding debris shell 2010
NGC 7531[24] satellite accretion surrounding debris shell 2010
NGC 1084[24] satellite accretion three giant disconnected plumes of similar width 2010
NGC 4216[24] satellite accretion ongoing tidal disruption of satellite galaxies
seen as long tails extending from the progenitor satellite 		2010
NGC 1055[24] satellite accretion clear box shaped inner halo sprinkled with a plethora of coherent spikes 2010
NGC 5291 galaxy interaction two separate tidal tails to the north and south ?

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Li, Ting S.; Ji, Alexander P.; Pace, Andrew B.; Erkal, Denis; Koposov, Sergey E.; Shipp, Nora; Da Costa, Gary S.; Cullinane, Lara R.; Kuehn, Kyler; Lewis, Geraint F.; Mackey, Dougal (2022-01-02). "$S^5$: The Orbital and Chemical Properties of One Dozen Stellar Streams". arXiv:2110.06950 [astro-ph.GA].
  2. ^ "Twelve for dinner: The Milky Way's feeding habits shine a light on dark matter". Dunlap Institute. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
  3. ^ a b Ibata, Rodrigo & Gibson, Brad (April 2007). "The Ghosts of Galaxies Past". Scientific American. 296 (4): 40–45. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296d..40I. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0407-40. PMID 17479629.
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  7. ^ Newberg, Heidi Jo; Willett, Benjamin A.; Yanny, Brian & Xu, Yan (5 February 2010). "The Orbit of the Orphan Stream". The Astrophysical Journal. 711 (1): 32–49. arXiv:1001.0576. Bibcode:2010ApJ...711...32N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/32. S2CID 91177423.
  8. ^ a b c d e Grillmair, C.J. (5 March 2009). "Four new stellar debris streams in the galactic halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (2): 1118–1127. arXiv:0811.3965. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1118G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1118. S2CID 17328907.
  9. ^ Newberg, Heidi Jo; Yanny, Brian & Willett, Benjamin A. (10 July 2009). "Discovery of a new, polar-orbiting debris stream in the Milky Way stellar halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 700 (2): L61–L64. arXiv:0906.3291. Bibcode:2009ApJ...700L..61N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/L61. S2CID 118395419.
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  12. ^ Wan, J. M. Diederiky (29 July 2020). "Observations of a star system called the Phoenix stellar stream offer the first evidence of vanished star clusters that had extremely low levels of heavy elements. Their remnants might cast light on the early assembly of the Milky Way". News and views / Astronomy and astrophysics. Nature. 583 (7818): 768–770. arXiv:2007.14577. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2483-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32728241. S2CID 220845585.
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