MRTC 3100 class

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MRTC 3100 class
CRRC Dalian 8MLB LRV
Line 3 Train Shaw Boulevard.jpg
A 3100 Class (8MLB) train approaching Shaw Boulevard station
In serviceMay 2016
October 2018–February 2019
October–December 2019
June 2020–May 2021
ManufacturerCNR Dalian
(later CRRC Dalian)
Built atDalian, China
Constructed2014–2015
Entered serviceMay 7, 2016; 5 years ago (2016-05-07)[1][a]
Number built48 vehicles
Number in serviceNone
FormationSingle 3-section cars coupled as 3-car train sets[b]
Design code8MLB
Fleet numbers3101–3148
Capacity1,182 passengers[c]
Operator(s)Department of Transportation
Depot(s)North Avenue
Line(s) servedMRT Line 3
Specifications
Car body constructionStainless steel
Train length95.16 m (312 ft 2 in)[d]
Car length31.72 m (104 ft 1 in)
Width2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
HeightFrom top of rail:
3.65 m (12 ft 0 in)
Pantograph locked down:
3.724 m (12 ft 2.6 in)
Floor height925 mm (3 ft 0.4 in)
Platform height900 mm (2 ft 11 in)
EntryLevel[e]
Doors5 per side; double-leaf plug-type; 861 mm / 1,255 mm × 1,900 mm (2 ft 9.9 in / 4 ft 1.4 in × 6 ft 2.8 in)
Articulated sections3 per LRV
Wheel diameterNew: 700 mm (27.56 in)
Worn: 595 mm (23.43 in)
Wheelbase1,900 mm (6 ft 3 in)
Maximum speed65 km/h (40 mph)
WeightTare weight:
49,700 kg (49.7 t)
Axle load9.4–10 t (9,400–10,000 kg)
Steep gradient5%
Traction systemVoith IGBT–VVVF
Traction motorsTraktionssysteme Austria 3-phase AC induction motor
Power output4 x 120 kW (160 hp)
TransmissionQuill drive
Acceleration1.3 m/s2 (3.28 ft/s2)
DecelerationService: 1.1 m/s2
Emergency: 1.58 m/s2
AuxiliariesAuxiliary converter
HVACRoof-mounted air-conditioning units; 3 units per LRV
Electric system(s)750 V DC overhead wire
Current collector(s)Single-arm pantograph
UIC classificationBo′+2′+2′+Bo′
Wheels driven8 per LRV[g]
BogiesInside-frame/Jacobs-type
Minimum turning radius25 m (82 ft)
Braking system(s)Regenerative and rheostatic (Knorr-Bremse)
Safety system(s)ATP[f]
Coupling systemScharfenberg
Multiple workingWithin type
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
SeatingLongitudinal
Notes/references
[6][7][8][9][10]

The MRTC 3100 class or CRRC Dalian 8MLB LRV, commonly called as Dalian Train, is the class of second-generation uni-directional light rail vehicles built in China by CNR Dalian (later CRRC Dalian). Since its delivery, most of the trains are still being tested and undergoing final assessments, before being used on regular services on Line 3 of the Manila Metro Rail Transit System.[2]

These trains are the first LRVs produced by CNR Dalian, which caused some controversy due to compatibility issues.[11]

The CRRC Dalian 8MLB LRVs are owned by the Philippine government and operated by the Department of Transportation (DOTr).

Purchase[]

With the ridership of the Line 3 already peaking at almost half of its 350,000 original daily capacity, there have been calls to purchase additional trains as early as 2008.[12] Initially, in 2013, the government was looking at buying 52 second-hand trains from Madrid Metro and Inekon Trams to immediately augment the problem,[13][14] but after evaluation, the order was cancelled due to less advantage and higher maintenance costs.[15]

In 2012, it was announced that the government intended to buy new trains for the line through public bidding. The bidding for a contract to purchase 48 light rail vehicles was opened on February 22, 2013.[15] Companies from Europe, Japan, and South Korea were initially interested to participate at the bidding, but after the budget was published, decided to back out due to the low amount stipulated. CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive (later CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive) submitted a bid but was disqualified by the Department of Transportation and Communications (later the Department of Transportation). The only bidder left was CNR Dalian (now CRRC Dalian) who controversially was awarded the ₱3.8 billion contract on January 16, 2014.[16][17][18]

Production[]

Production of the 3100 class trains began in 2014. The first prototype, LRV 3101, arrived at the Port of Manila on August 14, 2015,[19] and was assembled at the LRT-1 Baclaran Depot on September 3.[20] It was then hauled by an LRT-1 train along the railtracks of the LRT-1 until the prototype arrived at the MRT-3 North Avenue Depot on September 5.[21] CNR Dalian (later CRRC Dalian) delivered all 48 train vehicles from 2016 to 2017, with some trains assembled at the Taft Avenue station and at the LRT-1 Baclaran Depot in Pasay.

Design[]

Car body[]

The car body is made of stainless steel with a livery of sky blue and yellow fascia. Dimensions are nearly the same to the RT8D5M, which are also built for single-ended operations. It is connected by a Jacobs bogie and a gangway in each railcar section. The LRV design is a one-way eight-axle motorized car consisting of three articulated cars, which are connected to each other by the joint and the cover.[6]

Each light rail vehicle has three roof-mounted air-conditioning units. In total, there are nine air-conditioning units in a three-car train set.

  • 3100 class trains parked in November 2016.

  • 3100 class trains parked in January 2017.

Interior[]

Each railcar is provided with five double leaf, electronically operated, plug-sliding doors. The three center doors have an open width of 1,255 mm (4 ft 1.4 in) while the two end doors at 861 mm (2 ft 9.9 in).[8]

Each train car has a capacity of 394 passengers. A 3-car trainset can accommodate 1,182 passengers.[10] Two wheelchair-compatible spaces are provided beside the driver cab of each LRV, each provided with seatbelts to prevent the wheelchair from moving around while the train is in motion. The sides of the doors are equipped with fire extinguishers. The trains also have an equipped passenger emergency alarm button in case of an emergency.[22]

  • Interior of the 3100 class train in November 2019.

Mechanical[]

Each LRV has four bogies consisting of two motorized bogies at the ends of the LRV and two trailer bogies under the articulations. Scharfenberg couplers manufactured by Voith are present in each vehicle.[7]

Traction[]

The control device is an IGBT–VVVF inverter control manufactured by Voith, and two controllers are installed per light rail vehicle. The traction motor is a three-phase induction motor (totally enclosed/self-ventilated type) manufactured by Traktionssysteme Austria, model TMR 36-28-4, and is combined with Voith quill drive unit.[23][7] The traction motors have a power output of 120 kW (160 hp).[7]

The traction equipment includes two Voith EmCon I1000-9AU traction inverters with 350 kVA continuous power in each that drives the traction motors, one auxiliary converter, and a VPort IO control unit.[7]

Formation[]

  Single car configuration
Designation MC
Numbering 3100A 3100B 3100C

The configuration of a three-car trainset is MC-MC-MC.

Operations[]

The trains run at a maximum speed of 65 kilometers per hour (40 mph) and run over standard gauge rail tracks.[24] The trains consists of 3 vehicles, with plans laid for operating with 4 vehicles each. There was a 4-car trainset that was in service by the end of May 2016.[25]

The trains first entered service on May 7, 2016.[1] However, these trains quietly went out of service a few months later. On October 27, 2018, the 3100 class trains officially entered service after numerous tests and audits, with the deployment of the first train on the same day for validation tests.[2] The second trainset was deployed from December 11 to 23, 2018,[26] while the third trainset was deployed from January 23[27] to March 2019.[28] The validation tests were conducted by the Philippine National Railways and Toshiba Infrastructure Systems.[29][30]

The 3100 class trains were not seen in operations when the MRT Line 3 Rehabilitation Project began on May 1, 2019. Under the rehabilitation and maintenance contract with the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and Sumitomo Corporation-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries-TES Philippines (TESP), the contract prohibits the use of the Dalian trains. If not, Sumitomo imposes penalties to the DOTr.[31] After the DOTr and Sumitomo-Mitsubishi-TESP signed a consent to deploy the trains, these were again deployed from October 15 to December 31, 2019 for trial runs.[3]

The last known in-service operations of the 3100 class trains were from June 1, 2020[4] to May 25, 2021. Currently, there are no 3100 Class trains in service since May 26, 2021[32] possibly due to repairs and comprehensive testing, as one unit, LRV 3132, was sent to Mihara Test Center of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan. Sumitomo Corporation will conduct several tests to ensure the overall performance, with the tests taking three months.[33] Meanwhile, the targeted deadline for full operations of the train sets are set in 2022,[34] with three trainsets passing validation tests in 2018 and 2019.[18]

Controversies[]

See also: MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila) § Capacity expansion

After the contract for the procurement of the 48 light rail vehicles was awarded to CNR Dalian in January 2014, controversies arose. A Regional Trial Court in Makati filed a temporary restraining order on January 30 after the Metro Rail Transit Holdings (MRTH), the majority shareholder of the Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC) filed a case against the procurement process, citing violations with the build-lease-transfer agreement between the Department of Transportation and Communications (later the Department of Transportation) and the MRTC. Under the BLT agreement between the DOTC and MRTC, MRTC was obliged to buy new trains for the line, although the DOTC purchased the trains.[35] The case however was dismissed on February 21 and favored DOTC.[36] The MRTH however appealed its case to the Court of Appeals that also favored DOTC.[37]

During the delivery of the 3100 class trains, in January 2016, the MRTC, through its chairman Robert Sobrepeña, stated that the trains will pose a safety risk to the line. It also stated that the trains did not undergo a 5,000-kilometer (3,100 mi) test run in China before the shipment to the Philippines.[11] Moreover, further tests and analysis of the 3100 class trains revealed several incompatibilities that made it unable to run along the lines safely, which was a subject of an audit from TÜV Rheinland, hired by the DOTr to determine the true usability of the trains.[38]

DOTr Undersecretary for Rails Cesar Chavez stated on April 25, 2017 that the 3100 class trains would not be in use for three years due to lack of signalling system equipment.[39] In September 2017, the DOTr planned to return these trains back to China,[40] which was later demanded by Senators Koko Pimentel and Grace Poe in February 2018.[5][41] According to Chavez, as of February 2018, only 29 out of 48 trains were installed with on-board Automatic Train Protection system equipment.[5]

Another controversy is the tare weight of the trains weighing 49,700 kilograms (49.7 t), which is 3,400 kilograms (3.4 t) heavier than the required 46,300 kilograms (46.3 t).[42][43] A consultant with former MRT-3 maintenance provider Comm Builders & Technology Philippines (CB&T) stated in a Senate hearing on February 20, 2018 that the trains are within the allowable specifications set by the DOTr. The railway consultant explained that the 49,700-kilogram (49.7 t) weight of each light rail vehicle had to be divided by the eight axles.[10]

Later, in July 2018, it was revealed that several adjustments to the Dalian trains are required prior to revenue run deployment.[38] The train manufacturer CRRC Dalian has agreed on August 30 to amend the train specifications to match the contract terms at no cost, and will do so in the soonest possible time.[44] Due to the Dalian trains undergoing the said adjustments, they are now slowly being introduced into revenue runs since October 2018.[2]

Incidents[]

  • On December 16, 2020, at 7:20 PM, a 3100 class train arriving Boni station stopped due to a technical glitch.[45] Partial operations between North Avenue and Shaw Boulevard stations were implemented, and around 3,500 commuters were affected. Normal operations resumed the following day.[46][47]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Re-entered service on October 27, 2018 (3 years ago) (2018-10-27),[2] October 15, 2019 (2 years ago) (2019-10-15),[3] and June 1, 2020 (21 months ago) (2020-06-01).[4]
  2. ^ With plans for 4-car operations.
  3. ^ Total 3-car capacity. A single car can accommodate 394 passengers each.
  4. ^ 126.88 m (416 ft 3 in) for the planned 4-car operations.
  5. ^ Despite the floor height and platform height difference of 25 mm (0.98 in).
  6. ^ As of February 2018, only 29 LRVs are installed with this train protection system.[5]
  7. ^ Out of 16 wheels per LRV in total.

References[]

  1. ^ a b Francisco, Kevin Bruce (May 7, 2016). "New MRT Line 3 coaches begin operations today". YugaTech. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Talabong, Rambo (October 27, 2018). "After years of delay, DOTr begins adding Dalian trains to MRT3". Rappler. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  3. ^ a b de Guzman, Robie (October 15, 2019). "First set of Dalian trains to hit MRT-3 tracks Tuesday". UNTV News and Rescue. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "MRT to have 4 additional trains on Monday, train speed also to get boost: DOTr". ABS-CBN News. May 31, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Santos, Jamil Joseph (February 3, 2018). "Koko demands P3.8-B refund from Dalian, blacklisting of MRT3 supplier". GMA News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  6. ^ a b "菲律宾马尼拉3号线车辆". CRRC Dalian (in Chinese).
  7. ^ a b c d e "Electric traction system High-floor LRV Manila MRT3 Metro Rail Transit Corporation" (PDF). Voith.com. Voith. Archived from the original on July 14, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  8. ^ a b Department of Transportation and Communications (2013). Design and/or Supply and Delivery of Forty-Eight (48) Light Rail Vehicles with On-board Communication System (Radio, Public Address, Intercom), On-board ATP System and One (1) Unit Train Simulator (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  9. ^ "DOTC to expedite testing of MRT3 prototype train car". Rappler. September 9, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  10. ^ a b c "China-made trains within 'allowable' weight for MRT: consultant". ABS-CBN News. February 20, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  11. ^ a b De Guzman, Kristine (January 21, 2016). "MRTH: New coaches a danger to the public". CNN Philippines. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  12. ^ Lorenzo, A. (June 20, 2008). "EDSA railway needs 30 more cars". BusinessWorld. Retrieved December 20, 2021 – via GMA News.
  13. ^ Macapagal, Maan (February 2, 2013). "MRT-3 to get additional 52 coaches". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  14. ^ Agcaoili, Lawrence (September 12, 2013). "Inekon: PH can save $5M a year with new MRT trains". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 21, 2021 – via ABS-CBN News.
  15. ^ a b Agcaoili, Lawrence (June 9, 2013). "DOTC drops plan to buy 2nd-hand trains for MRT 3". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 8, 2021 – via ABS-CBN News.
  16. ^ Agcaoili, Lawrence (January 13, 2014). "DOTC taps Chinese firm for MRT 3 capacity expansion". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  17. ^ Barrow, Keith (June 16, 2014). "CNR trains ordered for Manila Line 3". International Railway Journal. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  18. ^ a b "The MRT3 Dalian trains now provide a surprisingly pleasant ride—but it had a bumpy history". ANCX. October 5, 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
  19. ^ de Guzman, Kristine (August 14, 2015). "MRT-3 train prototype arrives". CNN Philippines. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  20. ^ Camus, Miguel R. (September 4, 2015). "China-made train prototype for MRT 3 to undergo tests". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  21. ^ "Prototype MRT coaches arrive at North Avenue Depot". GMA News and Public Affairs. September 5, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  22. ^ Gadget Addict (April 15, 2019). Dalian Trains for MRT3 (16:9 1080p). YouTube (video). Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  23. ^ "Voith LRV for Manila MRT3". Traktionssysteme Austria. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  24. ^ "About". dotcmrt3.gov.ph. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  25. ^ Lo, Francis Christopher (May 30, 2016). MRT3 Dalian 8MLB 4-Car Train. YouTube. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  26. ^ Pateña, Aerol John (December 12, 2018). "MRT deploys 2nd Dalian train set". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  27. ^ Pelayo, Marje (January 23, 2019). "3rd set of Dalian trains hits track". UNTV News and Rescue. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  28. ^ Manabat, Jacque (March 11, 2019). "MRT tests third train from China's Dalian". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  29. ^ Rey, Aika (September 11, 2018). "Dalian MRT3 trains test run in October". Rappler. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  30. ^ Aguinaldo, Camille A. (September 11, 2018). "PNR to validate Dalian MRT train repair findings". BusinessWorld. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  31. ^ Panti, Llanesca T. (October 20, 2020). "COA: DOTr-Sumitomo deal on MRT3 rehab, maintenance should lift ban on using Dalian trains". GMA News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  32. ^ MRT-3 Daily Operations Report - May 29, 2021, retrieved May 30, 2021[self-published]
  33. ^ "マニラMRT3100形 三菱重工「MIHARA試験センター」搬入". 2427junction.com (in Japanese). Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  34. ^ Magsino, Dona (October 2, 2020). "13 Dalian train sets for MRT3 to be operational in 2022 —DOTr exec". GMA News Online. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  35. ^ "Court stops DOTC's purchase of MRT trains". Rappler. February 4, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  36. ^ Agcaoili, Lawrence (February 25, 2014). "MRT-3 to get new trains – DOTC". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  37. ^ Gomez, Zyrile (July 28, 2015). "DOTC to MRT private owner: Drop case vs. new train cars". CNN Philippines. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  38. ^ a b "Dalian to pay cost of adjustments of unused MRT3 trains —Tugade". GMA News Online. July 8, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  39. ^ Bondoc, Marlly Rome (April 25, 2017). "New light rail vehicles for MRT-3 to remain unused for next three years". GMA News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  40. ^ Nano, Joan (September 13, 2017). "DOTr plans return 48 Dalian trains to China". UNTV News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  41. ^ Layug, Margaret Claire (February 8, 2018). "Return Dalian coaches incompatible with MRT3 system, Poe insists". GMA News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  42. ^ Bondoc, Jarius (July 27, 2017). "Overweight Dalian trains will crush MRT-3 tracks". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  43. ^ Lagrimas, Nicole-Anne C. (October 10, 2017). "Poe grills transport execs; JV says trains bought from China apparently too heavy for MRT-3 tracks". GMA News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  44. ^ Rey, Aika (August 30, 2018). "Chinese firm Dalian agrees to pay all costs to fix unused MRT3 trains". Rappler. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  45. ^ Dalian train stops at Boni station, December 16, 2020, retrieved November 8, 2021[self-published]
  46. ^ Dominguez-Cargullo, Dona (December 17, 2020). "Mahigit 3,500 na pasahero naapektuhan ng service interruption ng MRT-3 kagabi". Radyo Inquirer (in Filipino). Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  47. ^ Dela Cruz, Raymond Carl (December 17, 2020). "MRT-3 back to full ops after 'technical glitch'". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved March 23, 2021.

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